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1.
In this article, we examine social origin differences in employment patterns across different stages of higher education and compare these differences between vocational and academic fields of study. Using data from a large-scale German student survey, we study the development of inequality, according to social origins, in student employment from first-year to graduating students. We show that inequality in job quality exists and is partly attributable to the need for students from lower social origins to work in order to finance their studies. We hypothesise that initial inequalities decrease as students progress through higher education. While we find evidence for this hypothesis, we also show in multivariate models that the reduction of inequality in the student labour market is explained by prior differences between social origin groups. 相似文献
2.
《Learning and individual differences》2007,17(1):83-96
Recently, more students have entered Dutch higher education. This is a consequence of the possibility to offer students to enter higher education, with a certificate from senior secondary education (SSVE). In earlier days most students in higher education had passed senior general secondary education (SGSE), or even pre-university education. It is to be expected that these ‘new’ students approach learning in a different way compared to the ‘traditional’ students in higher education. The goal of this study was to examine the possible differences between the two groups of students mentioned, and to gain insights in the role possible differences play in the way the two groups of students approach learning. Students' personality characteristics, regulation strategies, learning conceptions and motivational orientations were studied in relation to study approaches. It was assumed that patterns of relations between the variables mentioned would be different for the two groups of students. More specifically, it was expected to find stronger and more crystallised relations between variables within the group of SSVE students. Indeed, when entering higher education, SSVE students scored higher then SGSE students on the personality variables autonomy and conscientiousness; as to their personal orientations on learning and instruction they were more self-test oriented and they scored higher on concrete processing and construction of knowledge. However, the strength and direction of the relations between the variables are the same for both groups. Our findings increase insights into relations between students' personalities and their approaches to learning when entering higher education; this concerns two groups of students from different educational backgrounds. Practically this implies that intake assessments considering personality and self-knowledge might help teachers, coaches and policy makers in advising students how to approach learning, when entering higher education. 相似文献
3.
中国大学生价格反应行为的基本特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文应用对中国13511名大学生的调查数据分析了学生价格反应行为的基本特征。结果表明，虽然接受高等教育需要承担较高的私人成本，学生的付费意愿却非常强烈，在学费上涨30％—300％五种不同幅度时，学生的高等教育需求对学费的弹性介于—0．045～—0．288之间。大学生的价格反应行为具有如下几个方面的特点：首先，学生的高等教育需求对学费及有些学生资助(如奖学金)具有灵敏的反应；其次，学生对学费及不同类型学生资助的反应不仅在性质上存在差异，而且在程度上也有所不同；第三，不同收入水平家庭学生对学费的反应是不同的；第四，学生对学费及学生资助的反应随着学生资助政策及学费的变化而变化。本文也讨论了上述结果对制订高等教育规划与财政政策的意义。 相似文献
4.
Michael Singh Jinghe Han 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2009,30(4):397-411
The increasing number of higher degree research students from China in the universities of multicultural Australia as elsewhere has added to the mounting interest in pedagogies of postgraduate supervision. This paper explores the proposition that efforts to articulate Chinese ideas through research in, for and about Australia have to negotiate positions that would allow or disallow their embedding in the Australian education research community. To do so, the literature on higher degree research supervision in multicultural contexts is reviewed. Then the co-operative approach used to document a higher degree research student's experiences of integrating knowledge from her Chinese intellectual heritage into her research is explained. The third section illustrates a research intervention whereby Chinese knowledge was articulated through research in, for and about teacher education in Australia. The fourth section presents evidence of three different responses to this move to embed Chinese ideas in the Australian education research community. Specifically, the responses of Australian academics to her use of chéngy? to theorise her evidence is explored. 相似文献
5.
Gender Differences in Factors Influencing Achievement of Distance Education Students 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The responses of 712 high achieving and low achieving students at the Open University of Hong Kong were analysed to investigate gender differences in factors that contribute to successful achievement in distance education. The analysis indicated a number of gender differences, including in the areas of organisation and use of study materials, confidence about studies, and independent versus collaborative study. Based on these, some questions have been raised about the need to develop some different treatment for male and female students in order to maximise the achievement of both groups. 相似文献
6.
William Locke 《European Journal of Education》2014,49(1):77-90
Rankings and online comparison sites have both facilitated and shaped the marketisation of higher education in England, the UK as a whole and elsewhere. They have facilitated marketisation by introducing greater competition between and within higher education institutions. Ultimately, they accomplish the transformation of qualities into quantities, which is both required by, and a consequence of, the commodification and privatisation of higher education. Rankings have also helped to embed the logic of the market within organisational structures and processes and within the minds and practices of organisational members. In some ways, in a highly regulated UK higher education market, rankings became a substitute for more authentic market mechanisms. However, these processes have intensified with the transfer (in England) of the majority of the cost of study to students and the emergence of more sophisticated websites presenting detailed statistics that enable prospective students to compare courses and institutions on indicators such as modes of student assessment and employment outcomes. This article seeks to understand how different types of university and college are responding to this intensification of rankings logic amidst the further marketisation of higher education in the UK. It employs the concepts of internalisation and institutionalisation to analyse how these responses evolve and vary between institutions at different places in the rankings, but eschews a completely Foucauldian interpretation which, in the author's view, cannot fully explain the responses within institutions (and over time) to ‘data-driven technologies’. 相似文献
7.
William M. Baker Jefferson E. Holcomb Daniel B. Baker 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2017,28(1):129-148
This study examines the relative importance of the different learning objectives for criminal justice education as identified by the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (ACJS). Three different populations (students, faculty, and professionals) completed a survey exercise in which they were required to rank order hypothetical job applicants who varied in competency on each of the ACJS learning objectives. In addition, students completed the same exercise pre- and post-completion of their required internship to determine if experience in the field affected their responses. Conjoint analysis was used to identify the relative importance of different learning objectives. While results indicate some similarities in responses across all three populations, several interesting differences were observed, and these may have important curricular implications for criminal justice programs. 相似文献
8.
目的 了解高中生应对方式的特征，为培养其积极应对方式、开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法 采用简易应对方式量表（SCSQ）对755名高中生进行问卷调查。结果（1）高中生与全国常模相比在积极应对和消极应对两个维度上均差异显著；（2）高中生在积极应对和消极应对两个维度上不存在性别、是否独生子女、城乡等差异，但文、理科学生在消极应对维度上存在差异，文科的均分高于理科；（3）高中生在积极应对和消极应对两个维度上存在年级差异。结论 根据不同年级特点，加强高中学生心理健康教育。培养积极应对方式。 相似文献
9.
《The Internet and Higher Education》2003,6(2):145-157
The use of the Internet as an instructional tool in higher education is rapidly increasing. Today, there is an increase in the development of academic course websites with huge amounts of learning materials imbedded within them. However, there is little empirical evidence regarding the actual use of these contents by students. In this study, a computer log is used to evaluate how online contents are consumed and to identify the individual differences among students in terms of contents usage and the amount of contents that are presented in Web-supported course sites. The findings of this study show that the amount of content that is accessed is very high, but large differences exist among students. The authors conclude with some ideas for further implications of information retrieved from the Web log as related to content usage in academic websites and show the relevance of logs and content usage for the evaluation of Internet implementation in higher education institutions. 相似文献
10.
This paper describes the differences between the Chinese and American higher education system, and different issues behind these differences along with history and contemporary complexities, and analyzes the reason of its emergence, then how to solve these issues. I studied at Iowa Wesleyan College in America for two and a half years. In order to further understand American higher education system, I interviewed a librarian of Iowa Wesleyan College named Sherril Gibbs. And I have used a lot of data of the department of education USA government from Wikipedia and other sources in my paper. Then this paper finds that Chinese and American higher education system has their own strengths and weaknesses. Both the systems have a need to learn from each other to execute a better education system and to ensure development of all students as per their interest and abilities. 相似文献
11.
敖俊梅 《清华大学教育研究》2006,27(6):70-74
由于少数民族高等教育招生政策是基于群体身份资格的限定来实施的,被认为是对个体平等的颠覆,目前少数民族高等教育招生政策面临的最大挑战是来自于教育平等的争论。所以,本文立足于中国少数民族教育招生政策,试图从学业成就归因、高等教育功能等多维度对中国少数民族高等教育招生政策进行分析,力图通过明晰少数民族高等教育招生政策所蕴含的平等涵义,明确和拓展对教育平等的理解,从而利于实践中教育平等的实现。 相似文献
12.
Luís Filipe Barbeiro Cláudia João Susana Santos 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(3):309-329
In the past few years there has been an increase in the number of adult students in higher education courses, many of whom have returned to school after a break. Most of these students do not intend to continue their studies from the point where they stopped; rather, they want to prepare for specific tests in order to have direct access to higher education courses, which in Portugal is a legal option for students over the age of 23. In response to this new cohort, higher education institutions need to find out what kind of students these are, determining their characteristics, capabilities and major problems, if they are to provide them with successful learning opportunities alongside younger students. This article presents a comparative study of lexical competence, focusing on lexical availability, contrasting those adult applicants to higher education who are attending a course preparatory to higher education with first-year students who have just entered higher education. The results show significant differences between the two groups, the adult group in general showing poorer results. Their withdrawal from schooling is clearly reflected in their vocabulary activation with regard to transversal themes. The most salient contrasts are related to the number of words mentioned and the frequency of words in the group, as well as the greater or lesser proximity to the topic of the terms mentioned. 相似文献
13.
Christina Haas Herman Van De Werfhorst 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2017,38(5):705-720
This article investigates to what extent scholarships are unequally distributed among students in Germany and how these inequalities can be explained. Following sociological theory, the article argues that elites seek qualitative ways of distinguishing themselves in a mass higher education system. Using student surveys, we demonstrate that class effects cannot merely be explained with reference to class differences in academic achievement but that higher classes have better access to scholarships independent of earlier school performance. Class differences were particularly persistent when the intermediate classes were compared with higher classes with more education. These findings illustrate that social classes have different strategies when it comes to participating in higher education and suggest that information about and access to scholarships is important in gaining a class advantage. 相似文献
14.
This paper describes an exploratory study on the perceived value of higher education by Chinese students in Macao SAR, Guangzhou,
Shanghai, and Taipei. Using responses from 316 students, we find that the Sheth–Newman–Gross Theory of Consumption Values
explains how students perceive the services offered by higher education institutions. Students have different opinions on
the value items, which we group into two functional values (the usefulness of a degree and the experiential aspect), social
value, emotional value, epistemic value, and conditional value using factor analysis. A stepwise multiple regression analysis
shows that students’ satisfaction depends, to a large extent, on two functional values—the experiential aspect and the usefulness
of a degree. Moreover, when comparing value judgments based on gender as well as other demographic and social variables, the
results show no significant differences between the mean scores in perceived values. Implications for delivering effective
educational services in higher education conclude the paper. 相似文献
15.
Numerous studies have examined the enrollment responses of traditional undergraduate students to the introduction of government-provided tuition subsidies, but far less attention has been devoted to the elasticity of demand for graduate education. This paper examines how the tax code and government education policies affect graduate enrollment and persistence rates along with the ways in which students fund their graduate education. Our empirical methodology is based on exogenous variations in the availability of an income tax exemption for employer-provided tuition assistance for graduate courses. We find that graduate attendance among full-time workers age 24–30 is higher when the tax exemption is available, mostly due to higher persistence in public universities and vocational course work. The use of employer aid for individuals enrolled in full-time and public part-time graduate programs also increases. We present some evidence that universities may adjust tuition to capture part of the incidence. 相似文献
16.
在医教协同的新时代,医学人才培养质量受到前所未有的关注,学生发展成效是人才培养质量的集中体现。基于高等教育学生发展的增值视角,利用全国代表性的54398份学生调查数据对医科学生发展进行了实证分析。研究发现,医科学生学业成就整体偏低,即相比其他学科,院校期间医科学生能力增值相对较少;医科学生在学生发展上的主要特征表现在专业能力增值上显著更多,临床医学类专业和非临床医学类专业学生在学业成就上存在一定差异,且明显受入学动机的影响;医科学生在学业成就上存在明显的年级特征,其增值在大三年级最为明显,且女性、农村、第一志愿录取的医科学生学业成就相对更高。 相似文献
17.
Abstract The authors surveyed university faculty regarding preparation of general educators, special educators, and speech‐language pathologists to work with students prenatally exposed to drugs and alcohol. The results confirm that, in general, teacher education and speech‐language pathology programs provide limited information on these students to either preservice or inservice teachers and speech‐language pathologists. The authors also compared the responses of the three groups of faculty and the responses of faculty within their specialization areas. Significant differences were found among the three groups and within the general education faculty group, differences that have significant implications for teacher and speech‐language pathologist preparation programs. 相似文献
18.
李方 《北京教育学院学报》2013,27(2):1-5
基于基础教育领域公共服务所面临的不全面、不均衡和不可持续的问题,通过对学前教育至高等教育毛入学率增长幅度的调查数据分析发现,各教育阶段均存在城乡、管理、师资和水平的差异。尽管各地积极出台相应措施以应对这些差异,包括部分省市的异地高考政策,但仍存在地域经济发展所带来的不平衡。因此,应科学地定位与定性高速经济发展所引起的享受公共资源的不平衡与不公正,从制度保障到财政政策支持方面给予考虑,使基础教育服务增强其公正性。为实现以人为本、全面实施的素质教育,推进教育改革发展的目标,应积极借鉴发达国家的经验,结合我国教育现状的差异性,建立更加完善的基本公共服务政策体系,促进优势均衡的基础教育向学有所教的良性方向发展。 相似文献
19.
John T.E. Richardson 《教育心理学》2011,31(2):123-139
At UK institutions of higher education, the academic attainment of White students tends to be higher than that of students from other ethnic groups. A postal survey of Open University students found very little difference in academic engagement in those from different ethnic groups. The differences in pass rates and course grades remained statistically significant even when any effects of differences in academic engagement had been controlled. This is consistent with previous findings that quantitative variations in the attainment of students from different ethnic groups are not reflected in concomitant qualitative variations in their experience of higher education. The explanation for the attainment gap in ethnic minority students must be sought elsewhere than in the nature of their experience of higher education. 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(4):407-421
The present paper outlines the experiences reported by students from different social class backgrounds who have recently graduated from university. Students from manual skilled and partly skilled backgrounds were classed as disadvantaged, while students from professional or intermediate backgrounds were classed as advantaged. Data were collected from the same cohort of students on seven occasions across their university career. Students completed questions about their family background, paid employment, financial concerns, participation in recreational activities, perceptions of academic quality and perceptions of social support. Results showed that students from disadvantaged backgrounds were less likely to have parents that attended university, more likely to have been in paid employment, less likely to have participated in non‐academic activities and spent fewer evenings per week socializing compared with students from advantaged backgrounds. Also, there was some evidence of less positive perceptions of social support among disadvantaged students. However, there were no social class differences in ratings of teaching quality and all students reported high levels of financial concern. These findings are discussed in relation to proposed changes to the way higher education is funded in Britain and the implications these changes will have on recruiting students from disadvantaged backgrounds. 相似文献