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1.
Although often downplayed and instrumental, there is evidence that communication in projects is essential in achieving value creation. Our main interest in this paper is on temporary continuity, a situation where the temporary becomes a permanent condition in social systems. The question that we have address is: What characterizes project communication in a situation with temporary continuity?We argue for the need to transform communication processes into communication capabilities. In a situation with temporary continuity, there is a need to connect to a large number of value-creating processes, and communicating capabilities need to be a part of a communication system, where the aim is to bind together value-creating processes and communication capabilities. We construct a viable system consisting of five sub-systems. To become a viable system, projects in the form of temporary continuity, must handle the potential conflict between a culture of performance and a culture of innovation. This involves developing social mechanisms for coordination and interaction, with a focus on developing communication capabilities, in parallel with focusing on all of the five value-creation processes.  相似文献   

2.
在以企业为主要表现形式的工程活动共同体中,作为其成员的个体各自占据一定的岗位而发挥其作用,每个个体都是＂本位人＂和＂岗位人＂的统一。文章着重分析了作为＂个体＂的个人和作为＂集体＂的工程共同体的动态关系。个体通过招聘过程而在工程共同体中＂出场＂,然后是在工作岗位起作用的＂在场＂和离开工程共同体的＂退场＂。文章最后部分运用中国哲学的阴阳理论对人性问题和本位人和岗位人的相互关系进行了简要分析。  相似文献   

3.
To elucidate a higher rate of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Asian Indian descendants (Roma) in Slovakia, we investigated frequency distribution, correlates and relationship of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] to family CVD risk factors in Roma children and their Caucasian neighbors. The study sample consisted of 607 healthy children aged 7–18 years (55% Roma, 48% male) as part of the biracial (Roma–Caucasian) Slovak Lipid Community Study. Overall, frequency distribution data of Lp(a) were highly skewed to low concentrations, with markedly higher Lp(a) levels in Roma than in Caucasian children (median and range, mg/dL: 14.5; 0–159.2 vs 6.2; 0–112.3, P < 0.001), regardless of age and gender. Lp(a) was positively correlated with apo B (0.159, P = 0.004) in Roma, and LDL cholesterol (0.170, P = 0.005) in Caucasian children. In addition, daily income of the family was negatively related with Lp(a) in Roma (−0.134, P = 0.036) while positively in Caucasians (0.136, P = 0.047). For both race groups, no significant association was found between Lp(a) and age, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, smoking, and physical activity. Also, no significant relationships were examined between serum Lp(a) levels >30 mg/dL in children and family CVD risk factors, except for diabetes mellitus in parents of Caucasian origin (OR 4.46; 95%CI: 1.23–16.20). In a multivariate analysis, daily income, LDL cholesterol or apo B explained ~7% of the variance of Lp(a). This study suggests a significantly higher serum Lp(a) levels in Roma than in Caucasian children and a small effect, in general, of relevant CVD risk factors on the variation of Lp(a) levels in childhood.  相似文献   

4.
贾玉娟 《科教文汇》2014,(32):91-92
模糊限制语是一种常见的语言现象,在语言表达中可以使意思更加模糊或者精确。通过中外两个语料库的对比研究发现：中国英语学习者使用的模糊限制语的类型少,过度依赖少数的常用词,而多数模糊限制语的使用频率很低。在英语口语中应有意识地使用不同的模糊限制语以达到更好的交流的目的。  相似文献   

5.
A study of iron, zinc, copper and selenium concentration levels was carried out in three compartments namely, maternal serum (MS), colostrums and cord blood serum (CS) of healthy Indian mothers (n = 42) who delivered healthy normal neonates without any congenital anomalies at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre hospital, Mumbai. Fe, Zn, Cu in maternal serum, cord blood and colostrums were estimated by flame atomic absorption spectrometry while Se was determined by graphite furnace absorption spectrometry. It was seen that there was a significant difference in the level of trace elements in the three compartments. The average levels of Fe in the three compartments were 1,132 ± 519, 2,312 ± 789 and 1,183 ± 602 μg/L while Zn was 514 ± 149, 819 ± 224 and 7,148 ± 2,316 μg/L respectively. Mean Cu values were 1,614 ± 295, 301 ± 77 and 392 ± 174 μg/L respectively while Se values were 70 ± 15, 36 ± 10 and 23 ± 8 μg/L respectively. The results indicated a positive correlation of Fe and Zn concentrations in MS versus CS which were (r = 0.386), (r = 0.572) respectively and Fe levels in MS and colostrums (r = 0.235). A few inter element correlations were found within compartments. Zn and Se showed a negative correlation in both MS (r = −0.489) and colostrums (r = −0.258) while a positive inter correlation of Fe and Zn was seen in MS (r = 0.44) and in CS (r = 0.54). This study gave us an overview of the serum and colostrum values of mother and neonates in Indian population, data of which are scarce.  相似文献   

6.
The role of informal networks in the development of regional clusters has recently received a lot of attention in the literature. Informal contact between employees in different firms is claimed to be one of the main carriers of knowledge between firms in a cluster. This paper examines empirically the role of informal contacts in a specific cluster. In a questionnaire survey, we asked a sample of engineers in a regional cluster of wireless communication firms in Northern Denmark a series of questions on informal networks. We analyze whether the engineers actually acquire valuable knowledge through these networks. We find that the engineers do share even quite valuable knowledge with informal contacts. This shows that informal contacts represent an important channel of knowledge diffusion.  相似文献   

7.
一种DTN节点自定位方案及其性能分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
在节点的移动规律无法预知的情况下,针对“移动空间（MobySpace）”中DTN（Delay Tolerant Network）概率路由算法中节点预先定位问题,提出了一种自我定位方案。该方案能够在节点移动的过程中根据一个修正因子不断对节点坐标进行调整,最后使坐标收敛到一个可用的范围。实验证明,该方案可以通过一个合适的修正因子确保路由算法具有很好的稳定性和可移植性。  相似文献   

8.
1961年～2004年东北地区四季降水的时空演变特征   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  
利用Anusplin插值软件对东北地区146站1961年～2004年四季降水量进行空间化处理,各季区域平均MRE分别为春季14.3%、夏季14.1%;秋季18.1%;冬季25.1%。对栅格数据采用空间分析和时间序列分析相结合的方法进行四季降水时空演变特征分析,结果表明：从时间上看,春季,整个时段呈弱增多趋势,但不显著,1980年代前增加,之后减少;夏季呈减少趋势,1985以后呈显著减少趋势;秋季整个时段呈弱的减少趋势,1990年代开始显著减少,2000年以后略有增加;冬季年代际变化特征明显,呈波动增多趋势,近10年增幅较大。从空间分布上看,春季,黑龙江北部和东部部分地区、吉林东部降水显著增多,增幅为(3～9)mm/10年,辽宁中部部分地区降水显著减少,减幅为(3～7)mm/10年。夏季,东北大部地区降水以减少为主,黑龙江中部和辽东半岛地区显著减少,减幅为(20～40)mm/10年。秋季,东北大部地区降水减少,黑龙江东部局部、吉林中部和南部部分地区显著减少,减幅为(6～10)mm/10年。冬季,黑龙江大部、吉林大部降水显著增多,增幅为(1～3)mm/10年,辽宁南部和西部部分地区显著减少,减幅为(1～2)mm/10年。  相似文献   

9.
Multiple myeloma is a disseminated malignancy of monoclonal plasma cells that accounts for 15 % of all hematological cancers. The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of inflammation and oxidant-antioxidant dynamics in the etiology of this disease. The study population comprised of 20 cases of multiple myeloma and 20 healthy controls. The parameters evaluated were serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ferritin levels. The serum MDA levels were 1.9 ± 0.96 nmol/ml in cases as compared to 0.98 ± 0.55 nmol/ml in the controls. Similarly, a statistically significant difference was noted in the SOD and ferritin levels between the cases and controls (93.2 ± 23.8 vs. 210.1 ± 190.5 U/ml and 285.8 ± 216.4 vs. 131.8 ± 30.1 ng/ml respectively). Our study highlights the imbalance in the oxidant-anti oxidant mechanism and the role of smoldering inflammation in the etiology of multiple myeloma.  相似文献   

10.
科学活动中心形成的综合环境与中国科学的未来   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
重大社会历史事件是一个国家在一定时期的政治、经济和文化状况的综合反映。只有这些事件的意义超越了国度,处于人类社会和人类文明发展的主流,并且成为整个人类近现代史的里程碑,才成为发生这些事件的国家进入科学活动中心的前导。近百年来,我国在政治、经济和文化诸方面都经历了历史上最急剧的变革。但是,这些变革基本上都属于追赶世界文明主流性质的,除了特殊的国度因素之外,在性质上还谈不上构成影响人类历史主流的里程碑。１９７８年以来我国进行的社会改革实践,如果能够发展成为在性质上影响世界并且标志人类历史主流进程的里程碑,则中国进入世界科学活动中心才有一定的可能性  相似文献   

11.
Prostate carcinoma is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of death as a result of cancer in men in the US and other parts of the world. There are conflicting reports on the serum levels of testosterone and 17β-estradiol (E2) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. This study was designed to evaluate the serum concentrations of these hormones in patients with these disorders. Serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA), total testosterone and estradiol were determined in 228 subjects comprising of 116 subjects with BPH, 62 subjects with prostate cancer (CaP) and 50 age-matched apparently healthy controls, using ELISA methods. PSA levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in BPH subjects than controls, while there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in testosterone and estradiol levels of these subjects. PSA and estradiol levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in CaP subjects than in controls, while there was no observed significant difference (p > 0.05) in testosterone levels. CaP subjects had significantly raised PSA, testosterone, and estradiol levels than BPH subjects. The mean molar ratio of testosterone: E2 was lowest among CaP patients (134:1) and highest among controls (166:1). Significant positive correlation between PSA and 17β-estradiol was observed in prostate disorders (BPH and CaP patients: r = 0.347; p = 0.000). Significant negative correlations between testosterone and PSA were also observed among BPH patients (r = −0.221, p = 0.049) and control subjects (r = −0.490, p = 0.000). No significant correlation existed between testosterone and PSA in CaP patients (r = 0.051, p = 0.693). Correlations between age and estradiol in both BPH and CaP were not significant (p > 0.05). This study has shown that, there was a significant increase in serum estradiol in CaP subjects, while the testosterone levels in both BPH and CaP subjects were not different from those of controls.  相似文献   

12.
气候变化和人类活动对湟水河流域径流量影响的定量评估   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
湟水河是西北干旱区重要河流之一,对维持西北干旱区生态平衡具有极其重要的作用。近年来,湟水河流域水资源减少已经引起了严重的生态环境问题,本文根据流域内1966-2010年水文气象数据,采用累积距平法、累积量斜率变化率法,对湟水河流域径流量和气候变化特征及趋势进行了分析,并定量评估了气候变化和人类活动对径流量变化的影响。结果表明:年降水量、蒸散发量和径流量总体均呈减少趋势;径流量的下降变幅为0.1亿m3/10a,具有4a、9a和20a的准周期变化,且在1987年前后发生了突变;气候变化对湟水河流域径流减少的贡献率达35.46%,人类活动改变了部分水循环的路径,对径流的减少起主导作用,贡献率为64.54%。  相似文献   

13.
通过对1981-2010年杭州太阳总辐射和日照时数资料统计分析,结果表明:杭州太阳总辐射近30 a呈现上升趋势,春季太阳总辐射上升趋势最为显著;月太阳总辐射呈双峰型变化,7月最高、1月最低。日照时数近30 a呈现下降趋势,夏季和冬季日照时数下降趋势显著,夏季日照时数最高,冬季最低,春秋两季日照时数差异不大,月日照时数7月最高、2月最低。对杭州太阳能资源进行分析评估,结果表明,近30 a杭州太阳总辐射年平均值4196.41 MJ/m2.a,属于太阳能资源较丰富区;太阳能资源稳定程度指标为4.5,属于太阳能资源不稳定区域。  相似文献   

14.
世界上很多著名大学,因为某一学科处于领先位置而名扬天下。很多大学因为培育出著名科学家、政治家、经济学家而闻名于世。这些大学最显著的特点是,有独到的办学特色,在某一教学领域处于世界顶级水平。培育特色专业,就是把学校的某一学科、某一专业打造成为国内乃至国际顶级的学科和专业,为社会培养出更多实用型人才,这是实现职业技术教育长足发展的重要途径。  相似文献   

15.
The amount of heterogeneous data that is available to organizations nowadays has made information management a seriously complicated task, yet crucial since this data can be a valuable asset for business intelligence. Ontologies can act as a semantically rich knowledge base in systems that specialize in information management. The present work investigates the potential of ontologies in supporting the information lifecycle within a corporate environment for business intelligence. The paper demonstrates the use of Heraclitus II, a framework that employs ontology management and evolution in the context of information management systems. The capabilities of the framework in facilitating information management and business intelligence are evaluated through a real-life case study from the life sciences industry.  相似文献   

16.
We present an analysis of a progressive series of out-of-turn transformations on a hierarchical website to personalize a user’s interaction with the site. We formalize the transformation in graph-theoretic terms and describe a toolkit we built which enumerates all of the traversals enabled by every possible complete series of these transformations in any site and computes a variety of metrics while simulating each traversal therein to qualify the relationship between a site’s structure and the cumulative effect of support for the transformation in a site. We employed this toolkit in two websites. The results indicate that the transformation enables users to experience a vast number of paths through a site not traversable through browsing and demonstrate that it supports traversals with multiple steps, where the semblance of a hierarchy is preserved, as well as shortcuts directly to the desired information.  相似文献   

17.
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is widely used as oxidative stress biomarker in biomedical research. Plasma is stored in deep freezers generally till analysis. Effect of such storage on MDA values, which may be variable and prolong, was incidentally observed in the ongoing study which is to estimate oxidative stress with oral iron. Plasma from blood samples of pregnant women (20–30 years age) in third trimester of singleton pregnancy (n = 139), consuming oral iron tablets was stored at −20 °C with intention of MDA estimation, as soon as possible. However logistic problems led this storage for prolonged and variable period (1–708 days). When values of MDA estimated using “Ohkawa” 79 method and readings were plotted against time to check the temporal effect, it showed a hyperbolic curve. Standard deviation (SD) was lowest when samples were tested within 3 weeks time. The samples analyzed within 3 weeks had mean ± SD value of 31.59 ± 26.11 μmol/L, while 123.7 ± 93.97 and 366.5 ± 189.8 μmol/L for samples stored for 1–3 and 4 months to 1 year respectively. Mean ± SD were 539.9 ± 196.8 in the samples store for more than a year. Rate of change in values was also lowest (0.0433 μmol/L/day) in the samples tested within first 3 weeks, which rose to 1.2 μmol/L/day during 3 month’s storage. This rate peaked at storage of 120 days (1.87 μmol/L/day) and fell to 0.502 μmol/L/day in the second year of storage. It is concluded that at −20 °C, only 3 weeks of storage time should be considered valid for fairly acceptable stability in MDA values.  相似文献   

18.
An impressive literature documents how individual-level factors correlate with entrepreneurship and commercialization behaviors. We have far less insight, however, into how different organizational contexts may, in fact, play a dominant role in shaping these individuals and their behaviors. In this paper, I leverage a unique case of commercialization in which a largely overlapping team attempted to commercialize a technology in two different organizational contexts – first, in a university and later in a startup firm. By detailing the contextual features in each organizational environment and by linking these features to the participants’ differing approaches and attitudes toward commercialization, I extend the current literature through a demonstration of how organizational context shapes not only the initial decision to become an entrepreneur, but also the specific ways in which individuals interpret and act upon an entrepreneurial mission. More generally, I contribute to the literature on the commercialization of university research by highlighting some of the challenges inherent in adapting a context optimized for exploration to the task of exploitation.  相似文献   

19.
何玉蔚 《科教文汇》2014,(14):51-53
日记是秘密性最强的一种私人文献,可以毫无顾忌地真诚面对自己的灵魂,真正的日记作者,内心深处都隐藏着一种挥之不去的、强烈的孤寂感。安妮·勃朗特根据日记撰写的《艾格妮丝·格雷》叙述的是一个家庭女教师的故事,实际上是家庭女教师寂寞、孤独的自白,这部自白既是私人的,也是集体的,是19世纪英国社会一个特殊知识阶层痛苦、压抑的精神自白。  相似文献   

20.
Innovative public procurement is increasingly considered as a form of public support for private innovation activities by both innovation scholars and policymakers. Economic historians have suggested an even more fundamental role of public procurement in setting the pace of technological change, reporting how defense-related procurement has had a major impact on the emergence and diffusion of many general purpose technologies developed in the United States in the 20th century. In this paper, I suggest that procurement might represent one of the most important elements in creating the right soil to ‘cultivate’ a technology that may have the potential to reach high levels of pervasiveness. To test this hypothesis, I make use of patent data and patent citations. I design a quasi-experiment to compare the changes in the level of generality level over time, between a group of treated and a group of control patents. A patent is assigned to the treatment group if it receives a citation from a patent related to public procurement. Results suggest a positive and significant impact of innovative public procurement on the generality of a patent.  相似文献   

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