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为探究高中生的生活满意度、学业自我概念与学业成绩的关系,选取了高一至高三年级的872名学生进行问卷调查。结果发现:(1)在ASLSS上,女生的得分普遍明显高于男生,男生仅在学业满意度上的得分显著高于女生,在ASCS上,男生在学业能力知觉上的得分显著高于女生,而女生则在学业成就价值上的得分显著高于男生;(2)高中生在ASLSS与ASCS上,大致表现为,随着年级的增高,生活得越来越不愉快,对学业的认知与评价也日趋消极;(3)在ASLSS之中,学校、学业、家庭、环境以及自由等层面的满意度均能正向预测高中生的学业自我概念,另有学业、学校和家庭三个层面的满意度均能正向预测高中生的学业成绩;(4)高中生的学业自我概念不仅会直接影响其学业成绩,且在生活满意度与学业成绩之间起部分中介作用。 相似文献
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学业成就是影响现代社会人才选拔和社会地位的重要因素,家庭背景是影响学业成就最重要的因素。而义务教育是国家或社会以及所有社会成员生存与发展的前提条件,不同家庭背景的儿童应平等受到充分的教育,均获得符合义务教育标准的学业成就。在我国义务教育均衡化的背景下,对安徽省660名义务教育阶段学生进行学业成就与家庭背景的关系调查研究。研究结果表明,小学阶段家庭背景诸因素与学生学业成就的相关性不显著,初中阶段父母职业、文化程度、期望水平、教养方式、家庭气氛与学生的学业成就均呈显著的相关性。 相似文献
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高职生自我效能感、成就目标定向与学习策略关系的调查 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用学业自我效能感、成就目标定向和学习策略三个量表对5所高职院校的被试者进行测试与统计,结果表明:(1)高职生学业自我效能感偏低,且存在性别差异;(2)高职生成就目标定向中掌握目标高于成绩目标,且男生掌握目标高于女生;(3)高职生的学习策略中深层策略水平最高,表层策略最低,且男生的深层策略水平高于女生;(4)影响高职生深层策略、成就策略的直接因素是学生自我效能和掌握目标,其中前者作用更大;(5)学业自我效能还通过掌握目标、成就策略间接作用于深层学习策略,通过掌握目标间接作用于成就学习策略. 相似文献
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目的本研究旨在探讨父母教养方式与大学生自信心的相关性。方法采用个人评价问卷和父母教养方式问卷对洛阳市两所大学的240名学生进行调查。结果（1）不同性别、家庭背景的大学生自信心水平存在显著差异。男生运动自信和一般自信显著高于女生;城镇学生运动自信高于农村学生,而城镇学生学业自信低于农村学生：男生的自信总分高于女生。（2）大学生的父母教养方式存在一定程度上的性别差异。男女生在父母的惩罚严厉、拒绝否认和过干涉过保护上有不同程度的差异,男生体验到的父母的惩罚严厉、拒绝否认和过干涉过保护高于女生。（3）父母教养方式之间存在不同程度的差异。在惩罚严厉因子上,父母教养方式之间不存在显著差异,而在情感温暖、理解,偏爱被试,拒绝否认和过干涉过保护四个因子上,父母教养方式之间差异有统计学意义。（4）大学生自信心与父母教养方式之间存在相关。大学生PEI各因子与EMBU各因子之间存在不同程度的相关,大学生PEI总分与EMBU各因子之间存在不同程度的相关。 相似文献
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本研究使用华中地区一所理工科院校的调查数据,分析工科专业本科生在学习性投入和学业收获中存在的性别差异,检验工科专业本科生学习性投入对其学业收获的影响是否因性别而存在不同。研究发现：工科专业女生在学习努力程度、课外拓展学习、学习意义感、学习动力及感知到的学术环境和人际关系等因素上均显著高于男生,但在生师交流互动、专业兴趣上显著低于男生;工科专业女生在校期间学习性投入程度更高,学习成绩更好,但对自我学习收获的评价相对较低;学习性投入各因素对工科专业男女生学业收获的正向促进作用也有所不同。对此,本文提出工程教育改革应重视工科专业女生的专业自信心和归属感的建立,以消除单一的男性主导的工科学习环境对女生学习及发展的潜在影响。 相似文献
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何进军 《河南职业技术师范学院学报》2010,(6):56-59
通过量表法对786名高职生进行了专业承诺与学业情绪的研究,结果表明：高职生专业承诺、学业情绪呈中等水平,积极学业情绪的整体高于消极学业情绪;男生的继续承诺、理想承诺和总承诺显著高于女生,但女生在积极高唤醒和消极高唤醒情绪上显著高于男生;大一学生的情感承诺、继续承诺、总承诺与积极高唤醒、消极高唤醒和消极低唤醒情绪都显著高于大二学生;文科理科学生的情感承诺、继续承诺、积极高唤醒情绪都显著高于工科学生;情感承诺是高职生学业情绪的一个重要预测变量。 相似文献
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为了解中职生学业行为的现状,并探讨家庭因素对中职生学业行为的影响,本文以陕西省宝鸡市为例,采用问卷法对宝鸡市415名中职生进行了调查。结果发现:(1)中职生学业行为各维度得分存在显著差异,学习态度得分最高,其他依次为成就动机、注意力/坚持性、学习策略/灵活性,学习效能感得分最低;(2)中职生的学业行为存在显著的性别差异和年级差异,女生的学习态度比男生积极,但学习策略/灵活性却较男生差,一年级学生的注意力/坚持性高于二年级学生。(3)家庭经济条件不同的中职生在学习态度上存在显著差异;父母关系不同的中职生在学习的注意力/坚持性上存在显著差异,亲子关系不同的中职生在学业行为五个维度上均存在显著差异。结论:家庭因素是影响中职生学业行为的重要因素,中职学校教育管理要加强与中职生家庭的沟通与合作,引导家庭与学校教育形成合力,共同促进中职生的学业适应。 相似文献
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为了更好地开展高职生个别心理辅导与教育,采用大学生自我心态图问卷（College Ego StateQuestionnaire,CESQ）对317名高职生进行调查,结果发现：男生成人心态高于女生,而顺从儿童心态低于女生;与大学本科男女生比较,高职男生照顾型父母自我心态高于大学本科男生,而顺从儿童心态低于大学本科男生;高职女生的批判型父母心态、成人心态和顺从儿童心态均低于大学本科女生,且差异显著（P〈0.05～P〈0.01）,表明高职生的自我心态不同于大学本科生,因此,借鉴国内大学生心理健康教育工作经验时不能照搬,需关注高职生的心理特点。 相似文献
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方翰青 《职教通讯(江苏技术师范学院学报)》2009,24(12):34-38
通过问卷调查,探讨职校生学业求助的特点,分析职校生成就动机、成就目标取向及自我效能感与学业求助之间的关系。发现职校生学业求助行为水平低下,遇到学习困难更倾向于执行性求助或回避求助。职校生工具性学业求助和回避性学业求助三个年级间不存在显著性差异,而执行性学业求助三个年级之间存在差异。职校男生的工具性求助极其显著（p〈0．001）的低于女生;执行性求助男女生之间不存在显著性差异;男生的回避性求助行为极其显著（p〈0．001）的高于女生。成就动机、成就目标取向与学业求助行为有显著关系。自我效能低的学生更不愿意求助或作执行性求助,支持脆弱假说。 相似文献
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Xiaoming Sheng 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2017,38(5):721-737
This article employs Bourdieu’s conceptual tools to unpack family influences on students’ subject and university choices in China. This empirical study employed mixed research approaches, using both quantitative and qualitative methods, to examine students’ choices of subjects and universities in a sample of secondary school students from the age of 16 to 18 in China. This study reveals that while there are few class differences in subject choice, students’ choices of a selected university is significantly associated with higher family income level. The data show that the probability of entering a top university for students from high-income families is greater than that of students from low-income families. 相似文献
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The present study investigates whether teacher perceptions of students’ cognitive skills, their learning motivation, and their classroom behavior differ according to students’ socioeconomic status, immigrant background, and gender. Data from N = 4746 German fourth graders and data from their parents and teachers were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Controlling for student achievement as measured in a standardized achievement test and student motivation as measured by student and parent reports, we found that teachers overestimated the cognitive skills of high-SES students and girls in comparison to those of low-SES students and boys. Similarly, teachers perceived high-SES students, students who are not from an immigrant background, and girls as having a higher learning motivation and as having more cognitive skills. Finally, we found that teachers’ perceptions of students’ learning motivation and classroom behavior mediated the relationship between student characteristics and cognitive skills as perceived by the teacher. 相似文献
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Aubrey H. Wang 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2010,37(4):295-302
Both the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and the National Association for the Education of Young Children recognize
that well-designed opportunity to learn mathematics can help improve mathematics achievement of students from low-income families
and from minority backgrounds. Using data from a nationally representative sample, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten
cohort, this study empirically examined a subset of children from low-income families to determine whether African American
and Caucasian students have differential opportunity to learn mathematics and the extent to which opportunities to learn predict
gains in mathematics achievement at kindergarten. Results indicated African American kindergartners have differential opportunity
to learn mathematics than their Caucasian peers from low-income families. African American students were found to have received,
on average, more reported instructional time spent on mathematics, higher use of math manipulatives, worksheets, textbooks
and chalkboard work than their Caucasian peers. Moreover, greater opportunity to learn mathematics predicted higher mathematics
achievement for both African American and Caucasian students from low-income families, specifically, opportunity to learn
skills such as telling time, using measurement tools accurately, estimating quantities, and knowing the value of coins and
cash. 相似文献
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Arts enrichment provides varied channels for acquiring school readiness skills and may offer important educational opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds and with diverse needs. Study 1 examined achievement within an arts enrichment preschool that served low-income children. Results indicated that students practiced school readiness skills through early learning, music, creative movement, and visual arts classes. Students who attended the preschool for 2 years demonstrated higher achievement than those who attended for 1 year, suggesting that maturation alone did not account for achievement gains. Across 2 years of program attendance and four time points of assessment, students improved in school readiness skills, and there were no significant effects of race/ethnicity or developmental level on achievement growth. Study 2 compared students attending the arts enrichment preschool to those attending a nearby alternative on a measure of receptive vocabulary that has been found to predict school success. At the end of 1 year of attendance, students in the arts program showed greater receptive vocabulary than those at the comparison preschool. Results suggest that arts enrichment may advance educational outcomes for children at risk. 相似文献
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Kim Bancroft 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2010,22(1):53-72
As mandated by No Child Left Behind, schools must find ways to improve test scores. How do benchmark tests fare as a means of informing teachers in order to raise achievement for low-income students? This study of English language arts instruction at a low-income high school investigates the administration’s use of standardized benchmark assessments over 3 years. The socioeconomic conditions for students where teachers were implementing this reform had deleterious effects. The study found that teachers had difficulty getting students up to grade level in an under-resourced program, especially with hundreds of skills represented in the standards. The teachers viewed the benchmark tests as an interruption to their classroom instruction and as an inadequate means of measuring their students’ progress. Ultimately, even the administration found the tests an inadequate assessment for their purposes. 相似文献
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Christopher James Rasmussen 《Higher Education》2006,51(1):1-25
This study examines the global trend in shifting university costs from national governments to individual students and families,
with a specific focus on the existing cost-sharing model in Australian higher education. The research examines the manner
in which the availability of income-contingent loans (through the Higher Education Contribution Scheme, or HECS) enters into
individual cost assessments and evaluative frameworks during the university exploration and search process of low-income Australian
youth, and the resulting lessons that might be applied to other national contexts. Semi-structured interviews with 16 participants
addressed a broad range of issues related to the development of educational aspirations, and how beliefs and attitudes about
cost influenced participants’ understanding and decision-making regarding tertiary enrollment and post-graduate plans. A number
of discreet and related themes emerged from analysis of the interviews, including motivations for attending university; pre-university
cost considerations; self-assessments of skills, abilities, and personal traits and characteristics; general financial orientation;
pre-university experiences and influences; and the role of others including family, peers, teachers and other school staff.
The author concludes that the Australian system is worthy of consideration by other nations as a possible mechanism for enhancing
access to higher education for individuals who might otherwise not possess the opportunity to participate. 相似文献
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席美云 《商丘职业技术学院学报》2010,9(3):28-29
近几年的研究发现,大学生成就动机整体水平有很大的提高,男大学生成就动机强于女大学生,理科大学生成就动机高于文科大学生的趋势。影响成就动机的因素有很多,除了社会、家庭、学校还有自身的因素。提高大学生成就动机的关键在于培养和训练大学生良好的个性品质、提高其心理素质,从而强化成就动机的形成。 相似文献
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Margaret Burchinal Nathan Vandergrift Robert Pianta Andrew Mashburn 《Early childhood research quarterly》2010
Over the past five decades, the federal government and most states have invested heavily in providing publicly-funded child care and early education opportunities for 3- and 4-year-old children from low-income families. Policy makers and parents want to identify the level or threshold in quality of teacher–child interaction and intentional instruction related to better child outcomes to most efficiently use child care to improve school readiness. Academic and social outcomes for children from low-income families were predicted from measures of teacher–child interactions and instructional quality in a spline regression analysis of data from an 11-state pre-kindergarten evaluation. Findings suggested that the quality of teacher–child interactions was a stronger predictor of higher social competence and lower levels of behavior problems in higher than in lower quality classrooms. Further, findings suggested that quality of instruction was related to language, read and math skills more strongly in higher quality than in lower quality classrooms. These findings suggest that high-quality classrooms may be necessary to improve social and academic outcomes in pre-kindergarten programs for low-income children. 相似文献
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This study utilized data from the 2006 Programme for International Student Assessment Hong Kong sample to investigate the factors that impact the science achievement of 15-year-old students. A multilevel model was used to examine the factors from both student and school perspectives. At the student level, the results indicated that male students, students from high socioeconomic status (SES) families, students with higher motivation and higher self-efficacy, and students whose parents highly value science are more likely to demonstrate achievement in science. At the school level, the results showed school science achievement differences can be explained by school enrolment size, school SES composition, and instruction time per week. Contrary to the negative influence of school size that was reported in previous studies, our findings suggested a positive relationship between school enrolment size and science achievement. This finding leads to an international discussion of school size. 相似文献