Syntactic complexity has been recognized as an important construct in writing research, and for the past five decades, many syntactic complexity measures (SCMs) have been examined in numerous studies. This systematic review is the first study of its kind to synthesize 36 studies spanning from 1970 to 2019 by identifying and cataloging all SCMs examined during this period. An analysis was performed on how the use of SCMs varied by genre, grade level, students’ writing ability, and writing quality. Five online databases (Academic Search Premier, ERIC, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, and PsycARTICLES) were searched. A total of 48 SCMs were grouped into six categories: T-units and sentences, clauses, phrases, words, combined measures, and other measures. Most studies examined three common SCMs: mean T-unit length, mean number of words per clause, and mean number of clauses per T-unit. The argumentative genre had the highest values for T-unit length and mean number of clauses per T-unit, which could indicate greater sentence complexity. Higher-grade-level students generally construct sentences that are syntactically complex, but comparison between studies was difficult because different studies investigated different SCMs. Although students with higher writing abilities generally construct sentences that are syntactically more complex compared to students with lower writing abilities, the findings are not conclusive, as only a few studies examined this relationship. A similarly inconclusive relationship was found between syntactic complexity and writing quality because only a few studies examined this relationship. More research is needed to examine the relationship between SCMs, writing quality, and genre.
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文章从英汉句法角度分析英汉表述语序逆向现象,收集PRETCO—B真题179句英汉段落翻译语料,报告英汉翻译语料中146个句子（占81．56％）194个句法结构,并结合短语结构、长句、“It”形式主语等主要句法结构的类型语料,研究英汉句法结构差异对表述语序的影响,反映英汉句法差异、英汉句法结构与信息重心前后位置的区别,并提出采用逆序法翻译,逆向调整英汉句法叙述顺序,使译文符合汉语句法结构规则与表达习惯等翻译策略。 相似文献
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罗宇 《广东教育学院学报》2014,(2):74-79
作为话语标记和语气词的"算了",均从"算+了"的结构发展而来。"算+了"结构主要处于两种句法环境中,一类为名词性成分充当主语的单句,另一类为复句后一分句或紧缩复句的后件。前一类句型,经主语脱落,"算了"发展为话语标记;后一类句型中的紧缩复句前件变为凸显成分,成为单句结构,"算了"虚化为语气词。 相似文献
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何莉 《重庆第二师范学院学报》2009,22(5):132-134
英语从属句是一种有别于汉语句法的特殊句式,中国语言学界非常重视,在英汉翻译、英汉对照等方面都傲了大量的研究工作。本文用例句总结常用的歧义结构,并利用句法规则对消歧问题进行了深入探讨。 相似文献
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句法是制约着句子组合合法性的规则,即组词成句的规则。话语句法规则的意义既是语义学关注的内容,也是语用学的考察对象。在言语交际过程中,人们把握话语规则:一方面能够帮助人们认知句子在生成过程中的规律、规则;另一方面也能够帮助人们掌握话语的基本表达式在不同语境中的动态变化。所以,在语言逻辑视域中,话语规则的句法意义及其展开与深化,更能够帮助人们加深对语言与认识密切关系的研究。文章在分析言语交际与话语规则的基础上,论述了语言逻辑视域中话语规则的句法意义,以及这种句法意义的展开与深化在语言认知中的重要作用。 相似文献
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《孟子》中条件复句的结构形式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张春泉 《楚雄师范学院学报》2002,17(2):22-23
本文系统考察了《孟子》中条件复句的结构形式，首先着眼于条件复句的直接构成成分，即分句，对主谓结构，非主谓结构充当某分句的情形分别作了分析，归纳。接着，文章以对分句的结构形式的探讨为基础，归纳出分句与分句的组合形式。 相似文献
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面向信息处理的“二标三句式”复句层次关系判定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
吴锋文 《信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012,(1):88-93
复句层次关系识别对计算语言学句法分析和复句信息工程意义重大。为解决关系标记显现不充足给复句层次关系识别所带来的困扰,需要充分挖掘可供计算机理解的复句关联的形式化句法语义知识。本文探讨了分句主语指称一致性和谓语语义相关性对分句语义关联的影响,深入分析了4种联结模式的"二标三句式"复句的句法语义特点,总结提取出11条层次关系判定规则,以期为复句层次关系识别奠定基础。语例验证表明,该研究能有效解决"二标三句式"复句的层次关系判定问题。 相似文献
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句法结构的偏离是《离骚》修辞句法的一种重要方式。单句的句法偏离主要包括:情态语前置、修饰语后置、修饰语悬空;复句的句法偏离包括:分句位序的改变、添加语气词以改变主从关系、句式的叠加与整合。句法偏离的修辞效果主要是:在内容上,强调和渲染了抒情主体表情达意的重心;在形式上,协调了音节声韵,满足了《离骚》节奏音组的韵律要求。 相似文献
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This study explored the comprehension and production of sentences derived by syntactic movement, in orally trained school-age Hebrew-speaking children with moderate to profound hearing impairment, aged 7;8-9;9 years. Experiments 1 and 2 tested the comprehension of relative clauses and topicalization sentences (with word orders of OVS [object, verb, subject] and OSV [object, subject, verb]) using a sentence-picture matching task. Experiments 3 and 4 tested the production of relative clauses using two elicitation tasks. Experiment 5 tested the comprehension of relative clauses with and without resumptive pronouns. As a group, the children with hearing loss failed to understand object relatives and OVS topicalization sentences. In the production tasks they either avoided producing a sentence with syntactic movement, by using a relative clauses with a resumptive pronoun instead of a gap or by producing a sentence without a relative clause, or produced ungrammatical sentences. They understood correctly object relatives with resumptive pronouns, which are not derived by movement. Both comprehension and production of the hearing-impaired group was significantly different from that of the hearing control group. Individual performance was strongly correlated with the age of intervention: only children who received hearing aids before the age of 8 months performed well in the comprehension tasks. Type of hearing aid, duration of use of a cochlear implant, and degree of hearing loss did not correlate with syntactic comprehension. 相似文献
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Rebecca Wiseheart Lori J. P. Altmann Heeyoung Park Linda J. Lombardino 《Annals of dyslexia》2009,59(2):151-167
This study investigated the effects of syntactic complexity on written sentence comprehension in compensated adults with dyslexia.
Because working memory (WM) plays a key role in processing complex sentences, and individuals with dyslexia often demonstrate
persistent deficits in WM, we hypothesized that individuals with dyslexia would perform more poorly on tasks designed to assess
the comprehension of syntactic structures that are especially taxing on WM (e.g., passives, sentences with relative clauses).
Compared to their nondyslexic peers, individuals with dyslexia were significantly less accurate and marginally slower on passive
sentences. For sentences containing relative clauses, the dyslexic group was also less accurate but did not differ in response
times. Covarying WM and word reading in both analyses eliminated group differences showing that syntactic deficits in adults
with dyslexia are constrained by both WM and word-reading ability. These findings support previous research showing that syntactic
processing deficits are characteristic of dyslexia, even among high-achieving students. 相似文献
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文章考察了短时副词在事件句和非事件句,陈述句（肯定、否定）和非陈述句中的分布规律和语法功能,文章提出：短时副词几乎可以用于各种疑问句、祈使句、标题句和从属句中,不能用于惯常句中。由于受到否定句类的句法语义要求和否定词否定“辖域”的制约,短时副词并不能自由地用于否定词是“不”“没（有）”的否定句中,多数情况下短时副词是出现在否定词后面的。 相似文献
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王萍 《湖州师范学院学报》2006,28(6):35-38
结构主义语言学家认为句子不仅具备线性结构,而且具有等级结构。对句法结构有不同的理解就会产生歧义,通过成分分析来分析句子结构和成分,句子的内部结构能够清晰地展示出来,歧义也会很容易发现,并能从结构上解释歧义。语义在体系中和语流中相互搭配构成组合关系,改变结构也会改变语义。 相似文献
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The present study was designed to investigate the influence of syntactic complexity on sentence comprehension in Hebrew. Participants were 40 native Hebrew-speaking 5th grade dyslexic and normally reading children aged 10–11 years. Childrens syntactic abilities were tested by three experimental measures: syntactic judgment, a sentence-picture matching task, and a sentence correction task. Each task consisted of sentences composed of five syntactic constructions varying in the level of syntactic complexity (active, passive, conjoined, object-subject relative, and subject-object relative). The length of sentences and the number of propositions in the sentences were controlled. In addition, a wide range of the childrens reading and general abilities (e.g., reading comprehension, phonological awareness, and working memory) was examined. The results indicated that dyslexic readers were less accurate and slower than good readers in all reading tasks and in the tasks on sentence comprehension. The findings suggest that the factor of syntactic complexity seems to be a relatively independent aspect of sentence comprehension. This aspect of sentence comprehension is probably not affected in dyslexic readers. Rather, processing deficit related to phonological and memory impairments of dyslexic children and their ability to process syntactic information is responsible for the difficulties in sentence comprehension. 相似文献
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名词谓语句在现代汉语中是一种常见的句型,尽管所占比例不大,但它却能很好地体现汉语词类与句法成分之间并非简单的一一对应的特点,它是现代汉语句型体系的一个重要组成部分。与其它主谓句相比,名词谓语句在句法和语义等方面有着许多特点。 相似文献
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英汉翻译过程包括理解和表达这两个重要阶段。只有在正确理解原文句子的基础上,才能正确地表达原文。该文将从名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句、被动句和长句等五个方面阐述英汉句子翻译的诀窍,旨在帮助英语学习者能够快速理解和准确掌握英汉句子翻译中的转换策略。 相似文献
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对英汉复句组织特点和英语定语从句与汉语的形容性修饰成份的语序进行粗略的对比 ,分析了翻译英语定语从句中可能遇到的障碍并简要论述了其译法。由于英语定语从句在不同的语境中可表达不同的概念 ,起着不同的功用 ,译者常须根据句间句群间的逻辑语义关系与汉语规范重构汉语译文。 相似文献
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秦志勇 《桂林师范高等专科学校学报》2011,25(1):95-99
学习语言的最终日的是掌握和应用语言,而了解普遍句法是顺利应用语言的基础和前提．商务英语属专门用途英语范畴,明确英语句式的普遍规律,掌握英语句法的构造和类别特征,有利于提高英语实务应用能力。文章从了解和分析英语简单句及英语从句的一般特征入手,初步探讨商务英语中定语从句的翻译方法。 相似文献
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