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1.
The rapidly developing resistance of cancers to chemotherapy agents and the severe cytotoxicity of such agents to normal cells are major stumbling blocks in current cancer treatments.Most current chemotherapy agents have significant cytotoxicity,which leads to devastating adverse effects and results in a substandard quality of life,including increased daily morbidity and premature mortality.The death receptor of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL)can sidestep p53-dependent pathways to induce tumor cell apoptosis without damaging most normal cells.However,various cancer cells can develop resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via different pathways.Therefore,it is critical to find an efficient TRAIL sensitizer to reverse the resistance of tumor cells to TRAIL,and to reinforce TRAIL’s ability to induce tumor cell apoptosis.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicines and their active ingredients have shown great potential to trigger apoptotic cell death in TRAIL-resistant cancer cell lines.This review aims to collate information about Chinese medicines that can effectively reverse the resistance of tumor cells to TRAIL and enhance TRAIL’s ability to induce apoptosis.We explore the therapeutic potential of TRAIL and provide new ideas for the development of TRAIL therapy and the generation of new anticancer drugs for human cancer treatment.This study involved an extensive review of studies obtained from literature searches of electronic databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed."TRAIL sensitize"and"Chinese medicine"were the search keywords.We then isolated newly published studies on the mechanisms of TRAIL-induced apoptosis.The name of each plant was validated using certified databases such as The Plant List.This study indicates that TRAIL can be combined with different Chinese medicine components through intrinsic or extrinsic pathways to promote cancer cell apoptosis.It also demonstrates that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.This provides useful information regarding traditional Chinese medicine treatment,the development of TRAIL-based therapies,and the treatment of cancer.  相似文献   

2.
INTRODUCTION With the enormous progress in tumor immu-nology,immunotherapy has reached an exciting phase in its evolution for the treatment of cancer(Hart,2005;Onji and Akbar,2005).Although an effective immunotherapeutic regimen has yet not been dem-onstrated in the clinical setting and the ultimate role of immunotherapy in the treatment of glioma is still unknown,the potential for immunotherapy as an adjunct to the current treatment of gliomas is now based on solid evidence(Yu et al.,20…  相似文献   

3.
INTRODUCTION In cancer patients, tumor immunity is generally impaired. However, tumor immunity may occur in-vivo as circulating tumor-specific antibodies, with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) having been identi- fied in cancer patients (Disis et al., 1997; Albert et al., 1998) suggesting that effective anti-tumor responses may be elicited through immunotherapeutic strategies. In recent years, a number of clinical trials have proved the safety and feasibility of using human dendritic cell…  相似文献   

4.
Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have been improved during the last decade; however, breast cancer is still a leading cause of death among women in the whole world. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of this disease has been demonstrated an approach to long survival of the patients. As an attempt to develop a reliable diagnosing method for breast cancer, we integrated support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor and probabilistic neural network into a complex machine learning approach to detect malignant breast tumour through a set of indicators consisting of age and ten cellular features of fine-needle aspiration of breast which were ranked according to signal-to-noise ratio to identify determinants distinguishing benign breast tumours from malignant ones. The method turned out to significantly improve the diagnosis, with a sensitivity of 94.04%, a specificity of 97.37%, and an overall accuracy up to 96.24% when SVM was adopted with the sigmoid kernel function under 5-fold cross validation. The results suggest that SVM is a promising methodology to be further developed into a practical adjunct implement to help discerning benign and malignant breast tumours and thus reduce the incidence of misdiagnosis.  相似文献   

5.
On dendritic cell-based therapy for cancers   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
Dendritic cells (DCs), the most prevalent antigen-presenting cell in vivo, had been widely characterized in the last three decades. DCs are present in almost all tissues of the body and play cardinal roles in recognition of microbial agents,autoantigens, allergens and alloantigen. DCs process the microbial agents or their antigens and migrate to lymphoid tissues to present the antigenic peptide to lymphocytes. This leads to activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes. Initially, it was assumed that DCs are principally involved in the induction and maintenance of adaptive immune responses, but now it is evident that DCs also have important roles in innate immunity. These features make DCs very good candidates for therapy against various pathological conditions including malignancies. Initially, DC-based therapy was used in animal models of cancers. Data from these studies inspired considerable optimism and DC-based therapies was started in human cancers 8 years ago. In general,DC-based therapy has been found to be safe in patients with cancers, although few controlled trials have been conducted in this regard. Because the fundamentals principles of human cancers and animal models of cancers are different, the therapeutic efficacy of the ongoing regime of DC-based therapy in cancer patients is not satisfactory. In this review, we covered the various aspects that should be considered for developing better regime of DC-based therapy for human cancers.  相似文献   

6.
Prognostic significance of bcl-2 and p53 expression in colorectal carcinoma   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer is the most common cancer ofthe Western world and accounts for approx.Elevenpercent of all cancer deaths in the United States.Aswith other malignancies,colorectal adenocarcinomais thought to develop through the accumulation ofgenetic alterations that inhibit cell growth.Two of theoncogenes that have been implicated in this processare bcl-2and p53,the products of which are involvedin apoptosis,cell proliferation and tumor develop-ment(Garewal et al.,1996).S…  相似文献   

7.
Prostate cancer （PCa） incidence and mortality have decreased in recent years. Nonetheless, it remains one of the most prevalent cancers in men, being a disquieting cause of men＇s death worldwide. Changes in many cell signaling pathways have a predominant role in the onset, development, and progression of the disease. These include prominent pathways involved in the growth, apoptosis, and angiogenesis of the normal prostate gland, such as an- drogen and estrogen signaling, and other growth factor signaling pathways. Understanding the foundations of PCa is leading to the discovery of key molecules that could be used to improve patient management. The ideal scenario would be to have a panel of molecules, preferably detectable in body fluids, that are specific and sensitive biomarkers for PCa In the early stages, androgen deprivation is the gold standard therapy. However, as the cancer progresses, it even- tually becomes independent of androgens, and hormonal therapy fails. For this reason, androgen-independent PCa is still a major therapeutic challenge. By disrupting specific protein interactions or manipulating the expression of some key molecules, it might be possible to regulate tumor growth and metastasis formation, avoiding the systemic side effects of current therapies. Clinical trials are already underway to assess the efficacy of molecules specially designed to target key proteins or protein interactions. In this review, we address that recent progress made towards under- standing PCa development and the molecular pathways underlying this pathology. We also discuss relevant molecular markers for the management of PCa and new therapeutic challenges.  相似文献   

8.
Peroxynitrite(ONOO) is a powerful oxidant and nitrosative agent and has in vivo existence.The half life of ONOO at physiological pH is less than 1 s.It can react with nucleic acids,proteins,lipoproteins,saccharides,cardiolipin,etc.,and can modify their native structures.Action of ONOO,synthesized in the authors’ laboratory by a rapid quenched flow process,on structural changes of commercially available RNA was studied by ultraviolet(UV),fluorescence,and agarose gel electrophoresis.Compared to native RNA,the ONOO-modified RNA showed hyperchromicity at 260 nm.Furthermore,the ethidium bromide(EtBr) assisted emission intensities of ONOO-modified RNA samples were found to be lower than the emission intensity of native RNA-EtBr complex.Agarose gel electrophoresis of ONOO-modified RNA showed a gradual decrease in band intensities compared to native RNA,an observation clearly due to the poor intercalation of EtBr with ONOO-modified RNA.Native and ONOO-modified RNA samples were used as an antigen to detect autoantibodies in sera of patients with clinically defined breast cancer.Both direct binding and inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) confirmed the prevalence of native and 0.8 mmol/L ONOO-modified RNA specific autoantibodies in breast cancer patients.Moreover,the progressive retardation in the mobility of immune complexes formed with native or 0.8 mmol/L ONOO-modified RNA and affinity purified immunoglobulin G(IgG) from sera of breast cancer patients supports the findings of the direct binding and inhibition ELISAs.The peroxynitrite treatment to RNA at a higher concentration appears to have damaged or destroyed the typical epitopes on RNA and thus there was a sharp decrease in autoantibodies binding to 1.4 mmol/L ONOO-modified RNA.It may be interpreted that cellular nitrosative stress can modify and confer immunogenicity on RNA molecules.Higher concentrations of nitrogen reactive species can be detrimental to RNA.However,the emergence of native as well as 0.8 mmol/L ONOO-modified RNA as a novel antigen/substrate for autoantibodies in breast cancer patients indicates that,in future,these molecules might find a place on the panel of antigens for early diagnosis of breast cancer.  相似文献   

9.
Purpose To exam the relationship between HER2 over-expression and different adjuvant chemotherapies in breast cancer. Patients and Methods A total of 1625 primary breast cancer patients who received post-surgery adjuvant chemotherapy in Tianjin Cancer Hospital, China, from July 2002 to November 2005 were included in the study. Among them, 600 patients were given CMF (CTX MTX 5-Fu) regimen, 600 given CEF (CTX E-ADM 5-Fu) regimen, and 425 given anthracyclines plus taxanes regimen, with mean follow-up time of 42 months. Results In CMF treatment group, the 3-year disease free survival (DFS)in HER2 over-expressed patients was lower than that of the HER2-negative ones (89.80% vs 91.24%, P=0.0348); in node-positive subgroup, the 3-year DFS was 84.72% in HER2 over-expressed patients, and 90.18% in the HER-2-negative ones (P=0.0271).Compared to CMF regimen, anthracyclines and anthracyclines plus taxanes regimens are more effective (P＜0.05) in node-positive HER2 over-expression than those in the node-negative. Conclusion HER2 over-expression is an independent index for predicting poor prognosis and short DFS for breast cancer patients. HER2 over-expressed patients are resistant to CMF regimen chemotherapy, but sensitive to anthracyclines-based or anthracyclines plus taxanes regimen. HER2 expression can be taken as a marker for therapies in breast cancer.  相似文献   

10.
Proteins are major functional units that are tightly connected to form complex and dynamic networks.These networks enable cells and organisms to operate properly and respond efficiently to environmental cues.Over the past decades,many biochemical methods have been developed to search for protein-binding partners in order to understand how protein networks are constructed and connected.At the same time,rapid development in proteomics and mass spectrometry(MS)techniques makes it possible to identify interacting proteins and build comprehensive protein-protein interaction networks.The resulting interactomes and networks have proven informative in the investigation of biological functions,such as in the field of DNA damage repair.In recent years,a number of proteins involved in DNA damage response and DNA repair pathways have been uncovered with MS-based protein-protein interaction studies.As the technologies for enriching associated proteins and MS become more sophisticated,the studies of protein-protein interactions are entering a new era.In this review,we summarize the strategies and recent developments for exploring protein-protein interaction.In addition,we discuss the application of these tools in the investigation of protein-protein interaction networks involved in DNA damage response and DNA repair.  相似文献   

11.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. It is an aggressive tumor with a tendency to spread to the lung, which is the most common site of metastasis. Patients with advanced OS with metastases have poor prognoses despite the application of chemotherapy, thus highlighting the need for novel therapeutic targets. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of OS is confirmed to be essential for and supportive of tumor growth and dissemination. The immune component of the OS microenvironment is mainly composed of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In OS, TAMs promote tumor growth and angiogenesis and upregulate the cancer stem cell-like phenotype. However, TAMs inhibit the metastasis of OS. Therefore, much attention has been paid to investigating the mechanism of TAMs in OS development and the progression of immunotherapy for OS. In this article, we aim to summarize the roles of TAMs in OS and the major findings on the application of TAMs in OS treatment.

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12.
肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)是肿瘤微环境中比例最高的免疫细胞,对肿瘤的发生和发展起着重要的作用。在肿瘤的进展过程中,microRNA可以通过转录后调控的方式作用于多种靶点与信号通路来影响TAM的表型。本文主要讨论了microRNA对巨噬细胞分化、功能性极化和细胞间信息交流的调控作用。首先,microRNA参与了从髓样细胞向成熟巨噬细胞的分化过程,这一过程直接影响了肿瘤微环境中肿瘤细胞对巨噬细胞的招募。其次,microRNA参与了TAM的功能极化,使之表现为促癌或抑癌表型,影响了肿瘤的生长和转移。第三,肿瘤细胞与巨噬细胞间的相互作用对肿瘤微环境的形成和肿瘤的进展而言是必要的,microRNA可以通过胞外颗粒的形式作为交流的媒介。此外,本文还讨论了巨噬细胞相关microRNA作为肿瘤诊断和预后标志物的潜在价值,以及基于巨噬细胞相关microRNA的肿瘤治疗新策略的应用前景。  相似文献   

13.
淋巴系统被认为是肿瘤转移的重要途径之一,所以通常情况下肿瘤引起的淋巴血管增生会降低肿瘤预后,治疗上也建议淋巴清扫。但是最新的研究显示,淋巴系统可能对肿瘤免疫治疗有促进作用。这篇综述的主要目的是对相关领域做一个简短总结,以期待将来有更多的研究来关注淋巴系统对肿瘤治疗的影响。文章首先介绍肿瘤淋巴血管增生和淋巴转移的分子机制,然后介绍淋巴系统在肿瘤免疫中的作用,最后利用最新研究来证明淋巴系统有增强肿瘤免疫治疗的作用。  相似文献   

14.
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in supporting cancer progression. The TME is composed of tumor cells, the surrounding tumor-associated stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Crosstalk between the TME components contributes to tumorigenesis. Recently, one of our studies showed that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells can induce DNA methylation in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), thereby modifying tumor-stromal interactions in the TME, and subsequently creating a TME that supports tumor growth. Here we summarize recent studies about how DNA methylation affects tumorigenesis through regulating tumorassociated stromal components including fibroblasts and immune cells. We also discuss the potential for targeting DNA methylation for the treatment of cancers.  相似文献   

15.
Breast cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality. It is helpful to reduce the rate of tumor recurrence and metastasis by treating breast cancer with adjuvant chemotherapy, so as to increase the cure rate or survival of patients. In recent years, liposomes have been regarded as a kind of new carrier for targeted drugs. Being effective for enhancing drug efficacy and reducing side effects, they have been widely used for developing anticancer drugs. As a kind of anthracycline with high anticancer activity, doxorubicin can treat or alleviate a variety of malignant tumors effectively when it is used on its own or in combination with other anticancer drugs. Although liposomal doxorubicin has been extensively used in the adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer, its exact therapeutic efficacy and side effects have not been definitely proven. Various clinical studies have adopted different combined regimes, dosages, and staging, so their findings differ to certain extent. This paper reviews the clinical application of liposomal doxorubicin in the adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer and illustrates therapeutic effects and side effects of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) and non-PLD (NPLD) in clinical research, in order to discuss the strategies for applying these drugs in such adjuvant chemotherapy, looking forward to providing references for related research and clinical treatment in terms of dosage, staging, combined regimes, and analysis methods and so on.  相似文献   

16.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are plastic-adherent cells with a characteristic surface phenotype and properties of self-renewal, differentiation, and high proliferative potential. The characteristics of MSCs and their tumortropic capability make them an ideal tool for use in cell-based therapies for cancer, including glioma. These cells can function either through a bystander effect or as a delivery system for genes and drugs. MSCs have been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of glioma and to improve survival following transplantation into the brain. We briefly review the current data regarding the use of MSCs in the treatment of glioma and discuss the potential strategies for development of a more specific and effective therapy.  相似文献   

17.
N. S. Vasanthi 《Resonance》2006,11(11):48-55
The inability of the body’s immune system to differentiate cancer cells from normal cells allows cancer cells to proliferate in an uncontrolled manner. Newer strategies are being researched to overcome this immunological tolerance to cancer. Provoking the body’s immune system to generate vaccines against cancer is emerging as an important type of immunotherapy to treat cancers. These cancer vaccines, which have fewer side effects, and offer great promise. Many such vaccines have been identified and several of them are under clinical trials currently.  相似文献   

18.
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B - Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is currently the most malignant subtype of breast cancer without effective targeted therapies, which makes its...  相似文献   

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