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青少年速滑运动员的营养需求高于普通青少年,也有别于其他项目运动员。从碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、无机盐、膳食纤维等方面加以分析,应用饮食营养干预和运动营养补剂全面调整其营养水平,保证其生长发育和日常训练需要。日常饮食供应充足碳水化合物,增加优质蛋白质摄入,限制脂肪供应比例,均衡适量补充维生素和无机盐,及时充分补水,适度摄入膳食纤维;应用运动营养补剂弥补饮食摄入不足,供应运动饮料满足训练需求,补充优质蛋白质促进疲劳恢复,按需补充钙和铁等补剂;同时加强运动营养知识的宣传教育,加强相关工作人员培训,建立完善的膳食营养管理体系。提升青少年速滑运动员营养水平,夯实其体能基础,进一步提高运动成绩。 相似文献
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篮球运动员体能恢复的营养学手段 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
训练后疲劳的及时恢复是篮球训练的重要环节。运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法,针对篮球运动的特点结合运动营养补剂的研究成果,对篮球运动员恢复的营养学手段做出分析探讨。在篮球训练与比赛过程中平衡膳食、合理使用运动营养补剂是运动员消除运动疲劳、提高体能的有效手段。 相似文献
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田径耐力型项目运动员的合理营养 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在现代田径运动项目的训练比赛以及恢复期 ,耐力型运动项目运动员对饮食中的各种营养素的需求也受到其本身项目特点的特殊性而明显区别于其它田径项目 ,运动员的饮食营养合理化越来越受到教练员的重视。本文从训练和比赛中 ,运动员对水和电解质、糖、脂肪、蛋白质以及维生素的不同需求和补充 ,来讨论耐力型田径运动员训练和比赛中的合理营养问题 ,促进教练员、科研服务人员注意对运动员膳食进行科学搭配和调整 ,保证运动员的营养需求 相似文献
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为促进我国短道速滑队优秀运动员膳食营养水平,并为运动员提供合理、平衡膳食的指导依据,对备战第21届温哥华冬奥会的6名优秀短道速滑运动员进行了膳食营养调查和分析,结果表明：全体运动员均摄入低热能高脂肪食物以利于高原训练,三餐配比符合运动项目的特点,膳食营养基本能满足运动员的日常训练消耗。存在问题主要是运动员维生素A、B1摄入不足,锌摄入量普遍低于推荐值。不足的营养可通过加餐和营养补剂强化。 相似文献
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长跑是速度,耐力性项目,其特点是能量消耗大。目前竞技体育的竞争空前激烈,教练员和运动员除了苦练和巧练外,还希望通过训练外的其他辅助手段,尤其是科学的饮食安排和应用不含违禁药物的营养补剂,来增强运动能力,延缓运动疲劳,充分发挥身体潜能,获取最佳的运动成绩。所以运动员的营养问题就成为了长跑运动项目中的重要问题。 相似文献
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本文针对中长跑运动项目特点和业余青少年训练的现状,从运动员的营养需求和运动训练的实际需要,充分考虑营养补充与运动训练实际需要、运动员自身的需求的关系,为运动员的生长发育、训练质量和运动成绩的提高打好坚实的基础。在实际训练工作中充分利用现有的条件做好队伍的训练监控,指导运动员合理营养膳食和积极恢复。并结合营养补给的情况以此来指导教练员科学训练,同时结合运动训练安排来合理安排营养补充的时间,以保证运动员具备良好的体能状态,能较好地完成训练和比赛的负荷量。 相似文献
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冰雪项目运动员营养中的两大误区 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
目前冰雪项目运动员对合理营养和营养补剂的使用普遍存在着错误的认识,致使蛋白质、脂肪摄入量过高;营养补剂使用不当.针对这两种现象,指出运动员营养不平衡带来的危害,并提出在合理的膳食条件下有针对性地服用营养补剂的建议. 相似文献
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介绍了运动员食物和营养素摄入的评价方法,主要包括4个方面：（1）食物摄入量的评价方法,（2）膳食评价中的常见问题,（3）运动员食物摄入量评价的特殊问题,（4）膳食分析。膳食评价的方法有很多,如：膳食记录法、24 h膳食回顾法和食物频率问卷调查法。在膳食评价过程中,误报、零食、报告的坦率性以及评价的时间范围,都是需要注意的问题。另外,还要考虑运动员不同训练周期阶段的特殊问题、液体摄入、营养补充品和体重管理的问题。为了更有效地进行膳食评价分析,需选择恰当的食物成分数据库和营养分析软件。准确和全面的营养评价对客观地了解运动员的营养状况并提出膳食建议非常重要。 相似文献
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Houtkooper L Abbot JM Nimmo M;International Association of Athletics Federations 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(Z1):S39-S47
Throwers, jumpers, and combined events athletes require speed, strength, power, and a wide variety of technical skills to be successful in their events. Only a handful of studies have assessed the nutritional needs of such athletes. Because of this, recommendations for nutritional requirements to support and enhance training and competition performances for these athletes are made using research findings from sports and exercise protocols similar to their training and competitive events. The goals of the preparation cycle of nutrition periodization for these athletes include attaining desirable body weight, a high ratio of lean body mass to body height, and improving muscular power. Nutritional recommendations for training and competition periods include: (1) meeting energy needs; (2) timing consumption of adequate fluid and electrolyte intakes before, during, and after exercise to promote adequate hydration; (3) timing consumption of carbohydrate intake to provide adequate fuel for energy demands and to spare protein for muscle repair, growth, and maintenance; (4) timing consumption of adequate protein intake to meet protein synthesis and turnover needs; and (5) consuming effective nutritional and dietary supplements. Translating these nutrient and dietary recommendations into guidelines these athletes can apply during training and competition is important for enhancing performance. 相似文献
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Winter sports are played in cold conditions on ice or snow and often at moderate to high altitude. The most important nutritional challenges for winter sport athletes exposed to environmental extremes include increased energy expenditure, accelerated muscle and liver glycogen utilization, exacerbated fluid loss, and increased iron turnover. Winter sports, however, vary greatly regarding their nutritional requirements due to variable physiological and physique characteristics, energy and substrate demands, and environmental training and competition conditions. What most winter sport athletes have in common is a relatively lean physique and high-intensity training periods, thus they require greater energy and nutrient intakes, along with adequate food and fluid before, during, and after training. Event fuelling is most challenging for cross-country skiers competing in long events, ski jumpers aiming to reduce their body weight, and those winter sport athletes incurring repeated qualification rounds and heats. These athletes need to ensure carbohydrate availability throughout competition. Finally, winter sport athletes may benefit from dietary and sport supplements; however, attention should be paid to safety and efficacy if supplementation is considered. 相似文献
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目的了解湖北省重竞技项目运动员的营养知识知晓、饮食态度和饮食行为的现状,以便采取相应的措施达到合理营养。方法据营养＂知-信-行＂行为模式,设计营养KAP问卷,对冬训期间湖北省重竞技项目全体在训运动员进行调查。结果重竞技项目运动员营养知识平均得分4.23±1.92,营养知识处于普遍缺乏状态;81.6%运动员按自己的口味习惯选择食物,仅有17.1%考虑到营养搭配,2.3%考虑到营养合理;部分运动员不吃早餐,水果、牛奶摄入频次少,饮食行为不规范;但有着较好的接受营养知识教育的态度。结论采取各种有效措施对运动员加强营养知识教育,使运动员的膳食行为健康合理。 相似文献
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为了解黑龙江省运动员的营养需求,以提供平衡膳食、科学营养的正确指导,促进其营养意识的提升,对黑龙江省冬夏季不同项目运动员进行日常饮食习惯问卷调查,发现多数运动员早餐营养摄入不足;夜宵摄入大量垃圾食品;大量饮用瓶装饮料代替喝水等一系列问题。建议运动员应多吃主食、多吃蔬果、多吃豆奶制品、少吃油炸食品、减少油脂及盐分摄入,并通过运动营养知识教育培训、健全膳食营养管理体系、配备专兼职营养师等一系列举措调整餐厅膳食配餐及营养结构,以提高运动员营养意识,保证日常饮食健康合理,为运动训练提供营养支持,为运动成绩提高夯实营养基础。 相似文献
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Maughan RJ Depiesse F Geyer H;International Association of Athletics Federations 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(Z1):S103-S113
Many athletes use dietary supplements as part of their regular training or competition routine, including about 85% of elite track and field athletes. Supplements commonly used include vitamins, minerals, protein, creatine, and various "ergogenic" compounds. These supplements are often used without a full understanding or evaluation of the potential benefits and risks associated with their use, and without consultation with a sports nutrition professional. A few supplements may be helpful to athletes in specific circumstances, especially where food intake or food choice is restricted. Vitamin and mineral supplements should be used only when a food-based solution is not available. Sports drinks, energy bars, and protein-carbohydrate shakes may all be useful and convenient at specific times. There are well-documented roles for creatine, caffeine, and alkalinizing agents in enhancing performance in high-intensity exercise, although much of the evidence does not relate to specific athletic events. There are potential costs associated with all dietary supplements, including the risk of a positive doping result as a consequence of the presence of prohibited substances that are not declared on the label. 相似文献
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研究目的：探讨青少年运动员对营养知识的掌握、饮食习惯的现状和膳食营养状况,为指导运动员合理膳食营养及开展营养知识宣传教育提供依据。研究方法：以浦东新区青少年运动员为对象,共302人。采用膳食调查和营养知识和饮食习惯的问卷调查。研究结果：男、女青少年运动员的能量摄入量均不足,且三大能源物质比例摄取不合理;结论与建议：1加强供能物质谷类食物的摄入2加强钙的摄入3多吃蔬菜和水果,补充维生素。 相似文献
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简述了运动营养品在中国的发展、运动营养品的分类及功效评价,重点阐述了运动营养品本身及运动员应用存在的问题与改进措施及如何科学应用运动营养品。 相似文献
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备战第19届冬奥会国家自由式滑雪空中技巧队机能评定与营养补充的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过长期跟踪监测,对国家自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员机能水平的评定指标进行研究,发现心率、血压、尿蛋白、血红蛋白、血尿素的变化不大,原因是训练的强度不大,机体在24小时可以恢复;这些指标对自由式滑雪空中技巧的训练不太敏感。闪光融合率较为敏感,可以作为评定疲劳的指标,同时也说明自由式滑雪空中技巧的专项疲劳主要是中枢神经系统的疲劳。另外,研究了运动员营养补充对一些运动性疲劳的影响因素的作用,发现在运动中补糖可以缓解运动员在寒冷的环境下长期训练引起的血糖下降,但神经系统的疲劳未见明显改善。对运动员机能水平的科学监督与评价不仅为教练员和运动员的科学训练提供依据,而且可以大大降低过度疲劳及运动损伤和疾病的发生率。 相似文献
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The idea that dietary supplements can improve athletic performance is popular among athletes. The use of antioxidant supplements is widespread among endurance athletes because of evidence that free radicals contribute to muscle fatigue during prolonged exercise. Furthermore, interest in vitamin D supplementation is increasing in response to studies indicating that vitamin D deficiency exists in athletic populations. This review explores the rationale for supplementation with both antioxidants and vitamin D and discusses the evidence to support and deny the benefits of these dietary supplements. The issue of whether athletes should use antioxidant supplements remains highly controversial. Nonetheless, at present there is limited scientific evidence to recommend antioxidant supplements to athletes or other physically active individuals. Therefore, athletes should consult with their health care professional and/or nutritionist when considering antioxidant supplementation. The issue of whether athletes should supplement with vitamin D is also controversial. While arguments for and against vitamin D supplementation exist, additional research is required to determine whether vitamin D supplementation is beneficial to athletes. Nevertheless, based upon the growing evidence that many athletic populations are vitamin D deficient or insufficient, it is recommended that athletes monitor their serum vitamin D concentration and consult with their health care professional and/or nutritionist to determine if they would derive health benefits from vitamin D supplementation. 相似文献