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1.
In this work, the charge dynamics characteristics of injection, transport and decay in porous and non-porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film electrets were investigated by means of corona charging, isothermal and thermal stimulating surface-potential decay measurements. The results showed that the initial surface potential, whether positively or negatively charging, is much higher in non-porous PTFE than in porous PTFE. For porous film the value of initial surface potentials increases with increase of film thickness. Higher charging temperature can remarkably improve charge stability. The charge dynamics are correlated to materials microstructure according to their scanning electron micrographs.For non-porous PTFE films, polarizability change of C-F bonds is the main origin of electret charges; but for porous PTFE film a large number of bulk and interface type traps are expected because of the greater area of interface and higher crystallinity.  相似文献   

2.
成人高等教育收费问题是一项十分复杂的系统工程。现阶段,成人高等教育根据各省(区、市)收费制度改革的现状和自身教学管理的实际,分别实行学年制收费制度、学年学分制收费制度和弹性学分制收费制度等不同的收费标准。针对成人高等教育收费制度的不完善、收费标准的不合理、收费管理的不规范等问题,要通过成本补偿的多元化、收费标准的合理化和收费管理的规范化等措施,构建学习成果互认的成人高等教育收费制度,促进成人高等教育又好又快地发展。  相似文献   

3.
随着高职教育的发展,高职院校收费管理中的一些问题和矛盾日趋尖锐化,亟需加以解决。高职院校收费管理存在着院校内部各部门缺乏沟通,学生信息变更不及时、不完整,收费管理系统不完善,收费相关岗位设置不合理,业务流程设计不合理,内部控制与外部监督的力度不够,收费方式滞后,收费软件单一,收费管理方式落后等问题。必须加强院校各部门的沟通,做好学生信息管理,合理设置收费相关岗位,业务流程设计合理化,内部控制和外部监督双管齐下,采用先进的电子网络技术,实现网络化收费等,以促进高职院校教育事业健康、快速发展。  相似文献   

4.
运用可编程逻辑器件CPLD设计了一款并网光伏发电控制器。该控制器由CPLD开发平台、温度传感器、接口电路组成,充电采用PWM方式控制。该控制器具有自动运行、双向切换的功能,可杜绝孤岛效应,并可对蓄电池的充放电进行保护。  相似文献   

5.
To fully take advantage of external charging conditions and reduce fuel consumption for extended-range electric vehicles, a charging management-based intelligent control strategy is proposed. The intelligent control strategy is applied to different driving patterns based on the various characteristics of urban roads. When the vehicle is driving on arterial roads, a constant power control strategy is applied. When the driver decides to go to a charging station, the extender-off time can be determined based on the current state of the vehicle and the distance to the charging station. When the vehicle is driving on an expressway, a power follower control strategy is applied. The range-extender engine is controlled to work over a wide variety of regions to obtain optimum fuel economy. The simulation results indicate that as the vehicle arrives at the charging station, the proposed charging management-based intelligent control strategy has made the state of charge reach the lowest permissible level after the driver made the decision to charge at the charging station. Therefore, the driver can charge the vehicle with as much clean electric energy as possible from the charging station.  相似文献   

6.
山西普通高校现行的学费收费标准是2000年制定的。目前,山西高等教育系统内部呼吁,要适当提高学费收费标准。学费收费标准问题既是一个经济问题,又是一个政治问题。山西普通高校同学科、同专业现行学费收费标准与其他省份比确实存在收费低的问题,可研究解决。但从长远看,解决高校经费不足,最终还要靠拓宽经费来源渠道来解决。  相似文献   

7.
Removal of aqueous phenol compound by vacuum membrane distillation   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
1.IntroductionPhenolisanimportantchemicalindustrymaterial,butitalsoaboundswithserioushazardtoenvironmentandthreatstohumanhealth.Rigidruleshavebeenmadeoutonthephenoldischargeconcentration.Researchesonthetreatmentofphenolwastewaterwerecarriedoutinvariouscountries[1-5].Membraneseparationmethodsincludingreverseosmosis,ultrafiltrationandpervaporationhaveattractedmuchattentionforphenolwastewatertreatment,withcelluloseacetate(CA)membraneemployedmostly[6].Membranedistillationisanewmembraneseparation…  相似文献   

8.
高校收费管理工作是高校财务管理的重要组成部分,收费资金在高校各项建设中发挥着举足轻重的作用。受计划经济思维模式等多种因素的影响,高校领导普遍对高校收费工作缺乏足够的重视,导致管理混乱、内控缺失,给学校造成巨大损失。由于收费工作是一项系统工作,需要各职能部门的密切配合。收费工作能否顺利开展,直接关系到学院的稳定与发展。本文阐述了当前高职院校收费管理工作的现状及存在的问题,提出了一些对策、建议,对收费管理工作的未来发展方向提出了展望。  相似文献   

9.
浅谈中国大学教育收费   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
当前我国大学教育已经进入收费教育阶段。本文将当前中国大学教育的收费状况、收费标准计算和收费依据与国外大学教育收费的情况作了简要的比较,并分析了产生高学费的主要原因,提出了政府要从切实增加教育经费的支出力度等6个方面来解决中国大学教育高收费和高收费中贫困生的教育费用负担问题。  相似文献   

10.
本设计利用电磁感应原理实现电能的无线传递,采用TI公司的MSP430F2274超低功耗单片机作为无线传能充电器的监测控制核心。通过开关还可以选择充电的速度,实现快速充电和常态充电功能,电能充满后给出充满提示且自动停止充电。  相似文献   

11.
随着我国高等教育事业发展壮大,高校收费工作的重要性日益凸显。银行代理收费系统是近年来高等学校收费工作采用的一种新型方式,与传统收费方式相比,可以极大地减轻现场收缴现金的安全风险,不仅使学生享受便捷安全的服务,也提高了财务工作效率。在使用银行代理收费系统收费实务中,需要将各个操作环节流程化,并对缴费代码、代理收费额度、反馈信息等工作要点作好安排。  相似文献   

12.
我国从1989年开始实施高等学校收费制度,自1999年实行全面并轨制后,高校收费呈现出的上升态势并没有降低老百姓对高等教育的需求,教育需求增加的同时也给高等教育市场带来了一些问题。文章试图从教育需求的角度,分析高校收费制度下高等教育需求增加的原因,并提出了坚持用科学的发展观指导高等教育的发展。  相似文献   

13.
INTRODUCTIONSeriesbatterystringsarewidelyutilizedinmanyapplicationssuchastelecommunicationpowersupplies,electricvehicles,uninterruptedpowersuppliesandphotovoltaicsystems,etc .Thelifetimeofabatteryisoneofthemajorfac torsthatlimittherealizationofaneconomi…  相似文献   

14.
A novel charge/discharge equalization scheme is proposed in this paper. According to the states of batteries, two equalizing methods are adopted for equalization during different charging and discharging phases. A switched capacitor is utilized during high rate charging and discharging. During the later period of charging and discharging, an auxiliary low power DC/DC converter and the inherent switch modules of a control/monitor unit are used. So it is very simple and efficient. With the developed equalizer, the lifetime of a series battery string can be extended.  相似文献   

15.
Modification of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) was performed by low-temperature plasma treatment and grafting polymerization. Surface properties of PTFE were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and static contact angle. The results show that MPC has been grafted onto PTFE film surface successfully. Contact angle for the modified PTFE films in the water decreased from 108° to 58.25°, while surface energy increased from 17.52 mN/m to 45.47 mN/m. The effects of plasma treatment time, monomer concentration and grafting time on degree of grafting were determined. In the meanwhile, blood compatibility of the PTFE films was studied by checking thrombogenic time of blood plasma.  相似文献   

16.
解决路桥收费问题的关键是整合路桥收费资源及其由资源组成的价格机制.路桥建设"套牢"的市场结构导致收费价格扭曲,现行监管体制、法规和监管政策目标难以实现.路桥收费市场需要整合的因素有认识资源整合、收费资源整合、收费条件整合、收费站点整合.  相似文献   

17.
高等教育收费制度的历史合理性,既不能用“谁受益谁付费原则”来解释,也不能用“高等教育成本分担理论”来解释,更不能用高等教育的产品属性来解释,它必须用经济社会发展水平来解释,这是生产力发展水平所决定的。高等教育既是私人产品,又可以当作社会福利品免费提供。当经济社会发展水平达到客观上要求实现高等教育福利化的历史阶段,高等教育收费制度就会被高等教育免费制度所取代。中国现阶段高等教育收费制度的历史合理性,在于中国现阶段高等教育的生产、交换和消费及其利益关系调节,还依赖于高等教育收费这种制度安排、服务价格和市场机制来提高效率与增进公平。  相似文献   

18.
近年来国内相当部分学术期刊滥收版面费现象引起各方关注,引出如何区分合理的版面费与盈利为目标的不合理版面费之问题,文章计算了国内哲学社会科学学术期刊的合理版面费数量,并进一步提出学术期刊盈利指数,为学术界、新闻出版总署、教育部等界定牟利学术期刊提供一个简便有效的客观方法。  相似文献   

19.
Mechanical properties of micro-structured porous silicon film (PS) were studied combining X-ray diffraction with micro-Raman spectroscopy. The micro-structured porous silicon samples with different porosities ranging from 30.77% to 96.25% were obtained by chemical etching. Lattice parameters of the samples were measured using X-ray diffraction and its maximal change is up to 1.0%. This lattice mismatch with the bulk silicon substrate may introduce residual stress to the porous film. The residual stress measurement by micro-Raman spectroscopy reveals that the maximum of tensile residual stress has reached GPa level in the porous film. Moreover, the lattice mismatch and its corresponding residual stress are increasing with the porosity of PS, but average elastic modulus is about 14.5 GPa, one order of magnitude lower than that of substrate Si. The mechanical properties of PS have aclose relation with its micro-pore structure.  相似文献   

20.
刘桂芬 《高教论坛》2011,(5):62-64,71
大学生心理委员在心理健康教育中的特殊作用日渐凸显。在心理委员的培养中,运用积极心理学理念培养心理委员积极的人格品质和积极的人生态度,运用团体心理训练增强心理委员的积极情绪体验,构建心理委员顺利开展工作的社会支持系统,发挥积极心理学理论在大学生心理委员培养中的作用,把教育重点放在人自身的积极因素方面,实现大学生心理健康教育由消极防范向积极心理素质的塑造的转变。  相似文献   

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