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采用文献资料法、测试法、问卷调查法、数理统计法对哈尔滨体育学院11个不同运动专项男大学生跟骨超声骨量进行研究,为黑龙江省体育院校大学生科学运动训练提供骨密度方面的资料。结果显示：田径、游泳、羽毛球、网球专项大学生跟骨超声骨量STI值高于同性别青年组平均值,且与对照组相比差异显著（P〈0．05）;体操、篮球、乒乓球、排球、足球、跆拳道、柔道专项大学生跟骨超声骨量STI值低于同性别青年组平均值,与对照组相比差异不显著（P〉0．05）。得出不同运动专项、运动强度对我省体育院校男大学生跟骨超声骨量的影响不同。 相似文献
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采用文献资料法讨论了不同运动项目、不同运动强度和时间及运动频次对儿童青少年骨密度的影响;提出了儿童青少年时期进行适宜的体育运动能增加骨密度,提高峰值骨量;青春期前期是增加机体骨密度的最佳时期,充分利用这一时期进行适宜的体育运动对人体骨健康将产生深远有利的影响. 相似文献
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运动对女大学生骨密度和骨代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以40名普通女大学生作为研究对象,探讨运动对普通大学生骨密度和部分骨代谢指标的影响.结果显示:运动组的腰椎(L<.2>-L<,4>)和左股骨颈骨密度均较高,腰椎骨密度具有显著性差异;运动组的血雌激素E<,2>浓度明显高于对照组,差异显著;运动组的ALP活性要高于对照组,有显著性差异;运动组的ACP活性要低对照组,但无显著性差异;长期坚持体育运动能够通过影响骨代谢来增加骨形成.减少骨吸收,提高青春后期女大学生的骨密度和骨量,防治骨质疏松症. 相似文献
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纵跳对生长期大鼠骨密度、骨代谢生化指标的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
目的:建立纵跳运动模型,探讨纵跳运动对大鼠骨代谢的影响;比较纵跳和游泳两种运动模式对骨代谢影响的差异,为青少年选择合理的运动方式提供参考.方法:将18只SD雄性大鼠随机分为安静组、游泳组和纵跳组.8周后,检测所有大鼠股骨和椎骨的骨量、骨密度、血乳酸及骨代谢生化指标.结果:纵跳组与安静组相比,股骨、椎骨骨密度明显高于后者,ALP有显著升高,TRACP有明显升高;游泳组与安静组相比,股骨骨密度没有差异,椎骨骨密度显著高于后者,ALP和TRACP都有明显升高.结论:本实验建立了SD大鼠纵跳运动模型,成功模拟了纵跳对大鼠骨代谢的主要生理刺激;大鼠血清骨代谢指标表现为纵跳比游泳能有效促进骨形成;运动能有效促进骨生长、明显提高股骨、椎骨骨密度;纵跳运动对生长期大鼠腰椎、股骨的发育有明显的促进作用. 相似文献
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目的:进一步完善纵跳运动模型,探讨不同运动方式对大鼠骨密度及股骨软骨组织骨形成蛋白-2(BMP-2)mRNA表达的影响,分析BMP-2影响骨代谢和骨密度的作用机理,进一步研究运动影响骨密度及骨代谢的内在调控机制,为有效预防和治疗骨质疏松提供参考。方法:将18只SD雄性大鼠随即分为安静组、游泳组和纵跳组。8周后,运用双能X线扫描仪检测所有大鼠股骨、椎骨的骨量、骨密度;运用RT-PCR半定量技术检测大鼠股骨软骨组织内BMP-2mRNA表达水平,并通过凝胶成像分析系统计算出每个样本BMP-2的光密度值及其与对应内参GAPDH的光密度值的比值。结果:大鼠股骨骨密度的比较:纵跳组与安静组相比存在明显差异(P<0.05),明显高于后者;游泳组与安静组相比没有统计学意义上的差异(P>0.05)。大鼠椎骨骨密度的比较:游泳组与安静组相比有显著性差异(P<0.01);纵跳组与安静组相比有明显性差异(P<0.05)。股骨软骨组织BMP-2mRNA表达水平的比较:纵跳组与安静组相比有显著升高(P<0.01);游泳组与安静组相比有明显升高(P<0.05);纵跳组与游泳组相比增高的趋势明显。结论:1)运动可以引起BMP-2的升高,且纵跳运动比游泳运动在影响BMP-2的表达方面效果明显。2)运动能有效促进骨生长,股骨、椎骨骨密度明显升高。与游泳组相比,纵跳运动模式对股骨骨密度的影响更大。3)运动引起的骨代谢变化与局部细胞因子对骨组织的影响有关。机体可以将来自肌肉牵拉及重力的负荷转化为相关细胞因子的表达,从而影响骨的生成代谢。 相似文献
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老年人随龄增长骨量变化与健骨运动的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对老年人骨量变化与健骨运动的研究回顾,从运动健骨的角度,对不同运动项目、运动与非运动老年人群的骨量变化等方面进行了分析与综述,明确了运动对老年人骨量和骨代谢活动的影响,对指导老年人的运动健身有一定的意义。 相似文献
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目的：研究呼和浩特市地区人群骨密度现状,分析影响骨密度的体质因素,探讨运动项目和强度等因素与骨密度的关系。方法：呼和浩特市地区各类人员为研究对象,采用韩国产OSTEORFO骨密度仪测试右足足跟,采用2010年全国国民体质监测仪器测量身高体重,计算BMI值。测试结果用EXCEL建立数据库,SPSS17．0软件包进行数据分析,结合相关文献进行分析。结果：①呼和浩特地区骨质状况总体较差,35岁以下峰值骨量正常者不足40％,表明在此年龄段未能达到最高骨量储备,提示骨量减少有低龄化趋势。②骨密度与体重具有相关性,骨量流失程度与运动习惯、运动方式、强度和频率等都有关系。结论：人体骨量储备的90％约在20岁前完成,青少年期建立良好的运动习惯可以增大峰值骨量,适当的体重和后期运动可以减缓骨量流失。建议在青少年期提高骨量储备,并采取正确运动方式来减缓骨量流失,防止骨质疏松。 相似文献
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不同锻炼水平女生骨密度和身体成分的相关研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的：探讨不同锻炼水平女大学生骨密度（BMD）和身体成分的相关关系。方法：利用骨密度仪和人体成分分析仪对体育学院的女大学生28名（规律锻炼组），非体育学院同年级的29名（对照组）进行跟踪测定骨密度和身体成分。结果：规律锻炼组骨密度T值、体重、肌肉和瘦体重（FFM）高于对照组（P〈0．05），脂肪百分比（fat％）、腰臀比（WHR）低于对照组（P〈0．05）；骨密度T值与肌肉、FFM呈显著性正相关；与fat％呈显著性负相关。逐步回归分析表明，对女大学生骨密度T值有影响的因素为肌肉和fat％。结论：规律锻炼提高女大学生骨密度水平主要是通过运动增加肌肉水平来实现的；而体脂在体重中的比重增加会降低骨密度。 相似文献
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孙晓 《沈阳体育学院学报》2006,25(5):54-56
观察长期从事排球运动对身体不同部位骨密度和骨代谢相关生化指标的变化。方法:选择训练年限在5年以上排球运动员和本科大学生同龄男性志愿者各15名,分为训练组和非训练组。分别采用骨密度测定仪和血清放射免疫法测定受试者腰椎、股骨颈、股骨Ward区、双侧前臂的骨密度以及血清睾酮(T)、皮质醇(COR)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、骨钙素(BGP)的变化。结果:训练组腰椎(L2-L4)、右前臂和髋关节区骨密度峰值明显增加,与非训练组相比较有显著性差异。静息状态下两组血清T、COR、PTH、BGP无明显差异,无统计学意义。结论:长期从事排球运动能有效地增加身体骨密度,但安静状态下对血清睾酮、皮质醇、甲状旁腺素、骨钙素无明显影响。 相似文献
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运动员骨密度变化特点 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对运动员骨密度(BMD)的研究是运动医学领域的新课题,在运动训练中的重要性正日益被体育界所认识。本文就不同运动项目、不同训练水平的运动员(BM D)变化特点,以及运动训练对身体不同部位的影响等方面的研究进展做一概述,为科学训练提供新的评定指标 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):1-15
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of muscle strength, trainingspecific and anthropometric parameters on bone mineral density (BMD) in male top athletes of different sports in comparison to untrained controls. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 173 males, aged 18 to 31 years. Of these, 104 were athletes (runners, n = 21; cyclists, n = 12; triathletes, n = 18), heavy athletes (HA, judo and wrestling, n = 28), and team sport athletes (TS, handball, soccer, basketball, volleyball, n = 25); 44 were unspecifically trained sport students (STU); and 25 were untrained controls (UT). Sport- and group-specific differences were found in anthropometric but not strength parameters. Marked sport- and group-specific differences were found for BMD at lumbar spine (LSP) and the femoral sites (FEM). Group-specific effects on BMD were clearest when calculating percentual differences between BMD of athletes and UT: In group I (HA, TS, and STU), BMD at LSP and FEM were significantly (p < .01) higher compared to UT; in group II (R and TRI), BMD at FEM but not at LSP was higher compared to UT (p <.01); and in group III (C), no BMD value was significantly different from UT. Multiple regression analysis revealed lean body mass to be the strongest predictor for BMD at LSP and FEM. We conclude that mechanical loads have strong effects on bone adaptation. Sport-specific and body region-specific effects have to be taken into account for evaluation of osteogenic effects of exercise. Particularly dynamic sports with short, high, and multidimensional loads have the strongest effects on bone formation, independent of training quantity. 相似文献
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Esther Ubago-Guisado Alba Gómez-Cabello Javier Sánchez-Sánchez Jorge García-Unanue Leonor Gallardo 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(16):1710-1718
The aim of this study was to analyse whether there are differences in bone mass in girls playing different sports. Two hundred girls (10.6 ± 1.5 years old, Tanner stages I–III) participated in the study and were divided into groups of 40 (swimmers, soccer players, basketball players, handball players and controls). Bone mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD) (whole body and hip) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The degree of sexual development was determined using Tanner test, and physical activity habits were recorded through a questionnaire designed ad hoc for this research. Girls were divided by pubertal stage and the type of sport. In the prepubertal group, intertrochanteric BMD was significantly higher in both handball and soccer players compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in the pubertal group, total BMD, mean arms BMD, pelvis BMD, femoral neck BMD, intertrochanteric BMD and Ward’s triangle BMD were significantly higher in soccer and handball players compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and the swimmers showed significantly higher values in the mean arms BMD compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Our data suggest that sport practice during puberty, especially in activities that support the body weight, may be an important factor in achieving a high peak bone mass and improving bone health in girls. 相似文献
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It is well known that sport and exercise play an important role in stimulating site-specific bone mineral density (BMD). However, what is less well understood is how these benefits dissipate throughout the body. Hence, the aim of the present study was to compare the BMD (recorded at nine sites throughout the skeleton) of 106 male athletes (from nine sports) with that of 15 male non-exercising age-matched controls. Given that BMD is known to increase with body mass and peak with age, multivariate and univariate analyses of covariance were performed to compare the BMD of the nine sports groups with controls (at all sites) using body mass and age as covariates. Our results confirmed a greater adjusted BMD in the arms of the upper-body athletes, the right arm of racket players and the legs of runners (compared with controls), supporting the site-specific nature (i.e. specific to the externally loaded site) of the bone remodelling response (all P <0.01). However, evidence that bone mass acquisition is not just site-specific comes from the results of the rugby players, strength athletes, triathletes and racket players. The rugby players' adjusted BMD was the greatest of all sports groups and greater than controls at all nine sites (all P <0.01), with differences ranging from 8% greater in the left arm to 21% in the lumbar spine. Similarly, the strength athletes' adjusted BMD was superior to that of controls at all sites (P <0.05) except the legs. The adjusted BMD of the triathletes was significantly greater than that of the controls in both the arms and the legs as well as the thoracic and lumbar spine. The racket players not only had significantly greater right arm BMD compared with the controls but also a greater BMD of the lumbar spine, the pelvis and legs. In contrast, the low-strain, low-impact activities of keep-fit, cycling and rowing failed to benefit BMD compared with the age-matched controls. These results suggest that sporting activities involving high impact, physical contact and/or rotational forces or strains are likely to convey significant benefits not only to the loaded sites, but also to other unloaded peripheral and axial sites throughout the skeleton. 相似文献
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It is well known that sport and exercise play an important role in stimulating site-specific bone mineral density (BMD). However, what is less well understood is how these benefits dissipate throughout the body. Hence, the aim of the present study was to compare the BMD (recorded at nine sites throughout the skeleton) of 106 male athletes (from nine sports) with that of 15 male non-exercising age-matched controls. Given that BMD is known to increase with body mass and peak with age, multivariate and univariate analyses of covariance were performed to compare the BMD of the nine sports groups with controls (at all sites) using body mass and age as covariates. Our results confirmed a greater adjusted BMD in the arms of the upper-body athletes, the right arm of racket players and the legs of runners (compared with controls), supporting the site-specific nature (i.e. specific to the externally loaded site) of the bone remodelling response (all P?<0.01). However, evidence that bone mass acquisition is not just site-specific comes from the results of the rugby players, strength athletes, triathletes and racket players. The rugby players' adjusted BMD was the greatest of all sports groups and greater than controls at all nine sites (all P?<0.01), with differences ranging from 8% greater in the left arm to 21% in the lumbar spine. Similarly, the strength athletes' adjusted BMD was superior to that of controls at all sites (P?<0.05) except the legs. The adjusted BMD of the triathletes was significantly greater than that of the controls in both the arms and the legs as well as the thoracic and lumbar spine. The racket players not only had significantly greater right arm BMD compared with the controls but also a greater BMD of the lumbar spine, the pelvis and legs. In contrast, the low-strain, low-impact activities of keep-fit, cycling and rowing failed to benefit BMD compared with the age-matched controls. These results suggest that sporting activities involving high impact, physical contact and/or rotational forces or strains are likely to convey significant benefits not only to the loaded sites, but also to other unloaded peripheral and axial sites throughout the skeleton. 相似文献