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1.
随着高等教育外部环境的不断变化,中国与印度的学术职业已经并正在继续发生重要的变革。在中国,随着政治经济体制改革的推行,政府开始改革公办高校的教师聘用制度,以解决原有体制中存在的冗员、合格教师短缺和效率低下等问题。改革虽然取得了一定的积极成果,但也面临着如何使西方管理文化与中国传统文化兼容等问题。在印度,政府结构调整使政府逐步撤出高等教育领域,其学术职业呈现出衰落的趋势。为此,印度大学拨款委员会采取了各种措施以提高教师的水平,但收效甚微。中国与印度的学术职业正处于一个不确定的过渡阶段。  相似文献   

2.
法国作为中央集权管理体制的典型代表,正经历着高等教育分权的变革。大学自治对教师职业存在的重要影响,在学术责任、聘任与晋升制度、质量评估等方面,表现为教师流动性低、教学与研究结合困难、评估缺乏激励性、学术职业前景黯淡等。增强大学的自主性、改革僵化的管理体制是解决学术职业发展中的矛盾的重要前提。  相似文献   

3.
伯顿·克拉克之学术论思想   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张丽 《高等教育研究》2005,26(7):100-103
克拉克以“矩阵结构”和学术分化理论为起点,通过对学科演进的基础与途径、学术组织模式的演变、教师群体的分化、学科与院校分化的规律等进行探究,论证了多样的、分化的高教系统能够提供大众高等教育和精英高等教育并存的最适宜的运行机制;学术专业化进程不但是学术分化的持久动力,而且是维护学术世界自有特质之源地。  相似文献   

4.
Faculty are the main asset of a university and determine its success. The attitudes of faculty toward their institution play an especially important role in the academic profession. This study examines the specific antecedents of affective, normative and continuance commitment of faculty to their university. This study is an online survey of 317 faculty of Russian higher education institutions. The results of the regression analysis showed that being an undergraduate inbred (i.e. working at the university from which one graduated) predicted affective and normative commitment toward the university, while having a post at another higher education institution predicted only affective commitment. Faculty who work at several universities have lower levels of emotional attachment to the primary university.  相似文献   

5.
高校教师聘任制中的若干关系   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
高校教师聘任制涉及社会生活、社会文化的方方面面,牵一发而动全身,必须认识和处理好其中的若干关系。制度约束行为,思想规导制度,首先要厘清规导教师聘任制的相关理念。实施教师聘任制具有学术和效率双重目标,但学术目标是大学坚守的生命线,效率目标应为学术目标服务。由于学术职业的特殊要求,教师聘任制中要形成甄选机制,以达到优化的目的。在聘任制过程中应处理好应然和实然的关系,逐步从实然达到应然。  相似文献   

6.
高校教师聘任的制度设计——基于学术职业管理的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
高校教师职业是学术职业,高校教师聘任的制度设计,要遵循学术职业的特点。在教师聘任的制度设计中,要根据学术发展的需要设置岗位;根据学术职业的特点,将"有固定期限"聘任和"无固定期限"聘任作为一种制度设计,建立学术职业"准入"制度;根据学术自由的要求,在评价考核中,采取发展性评价,改进学术评议机构,保证学术评议的独立性;根据学术平等的要求,采用集体合同与契约合同相结合的办法,依法规范教师聘用合同;根据学术公正的要求,建立一个"中立"的、组织健全的争议处理机构,协调教师之间、教师与学校之间的争端,维护教师的权益,推进学校的发展。  相似文献   

7.
中国大学教师的职业困境与出路   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
中国高等教育大众化导致了高等教育的多元化和质量问题的出现,大学教师职业的失落是重要的表现。大学教育的世俗化和功利化导致大学教师职业发展的困惑,制约着高等教育的发展。所以,提升学术职业的社会声誉和创新活力是高等教育的时代课题。文章对中国大学教师的职业困境作了探讨,从国际比较的视野提出了大学教师职业发展的建议。  相似文献   

8.
美国高校教师文化解读   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
教师文化是大学文化的亚文化之一。文章在分析教师文化概念的基础上,从学术职业文化、制度文化、工作文化和学科文化四个维度对美国高校教师文化进行了详细解读,以期对我国的教师文化及大学文化建设有所启示。  相似文献   

9.
The context of Macedonian higher education has changed dramatically in the last fifteen years. A rapid increase in the number of public and private institutions and a greater diversity of higher education degrees have not been associated with improvements in quality. The research output of academic staff is modest; academics contribute little to the society's development. Academia in North Macedonia is under pressure due to chronic underfinancing of higher education and research, and an underdeveloped system of quality assurance, as well as growing expectations for relevance and internationalisation. This article presents an original empirical study on academic staff. It examines how 388 faculty at higher education institutions in North Macedonia perceived changes in the environment of the academic profession, and how changes in their working conditions potentially influence their academic identity and wellbeing. The results are compared to European data. Findings show that about half of research participants believed that the overall conditions for work and the quality of teaching, learning and research have deteriorated in recent years. This contributes to a perception of the academic profession as stressful and unattractive which results in lower levels of overall academic wellbeing which constitutes a threat to academic identity amongst the staff. Consequently, we expect further decreases in motivation, work ethic and productivity in the academic profession, as well as an increase in the desire of academics to leave Macedonia.  相似文献   

10.
学术职业化与美国高等教育的发展   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10  
本文借鉴职业社会学的相关研究成果 ,通过探讨 16 36~ 1914年间 (特别是 19世纪后期 )美国学术职业化进程以及在这个过程中发挥作用的主要因素 ,分析了美国高等教育发展的内在动力机制。  相似文献   

11.
教师聘任改革是目前我国公立高校人事制度改革的重点。教师与公立高校之间的法律关系问题,不仅关系到教师职业的发展,而且关系到整个高等教育事业的发展,是聘任制改革亟须解决的问题。在我国目前的制度环境下,公立高校公法人地位的培育还需要一个过程,教师专业自由权利的取得也不可能一蹴而就。要实现公立高校与教师之间从行政法律关系到劳动法律关系的转换,必须建立并完善维护教师权益的制度环境,在利用并完善现有的行政救济途径的基础上,积极开拓新的渠道来维护并保障教师的合法权益。  相似文献   

12.
ABSTRACT

In preparing the future stewards of the physical education profession, the occupational socialization and professional development of physical education doctoral students is important to consider. To date, there has been scant scholarly inquiry into doctoral education in physical education. However, there is an abundance of research related to doctoral training in the higher education literature more generally. Drawing upon this larger body of work, this article expands occupational socialization theory to address the socialization of physical education doctoral students and faculty members. The case is made that effective doctoral training in physical education is essential to securing the future of the profession. Provided is an overview of the existing literature, presentation of an adaptation to occupational socialization theory that explains doctoral physical education socialization, and a discussion of key professional development issues that academic leaders and student support personnel should consider. Implications and recommendations for doctoral physical education leadership and academic programs are provided.  相似文献   

13.
Faculty around the world are experiencing changes in their academic work. While “traditional” universities are responding to demands for greater accountability and increased and timely outputs from research, faculty within new higher education institutions (HEIs) are undergoing a paradigm shift within three concentric circles of change. Not only do they have to alter their own academic practice, but their HEI is also undergoing a revolution at a time when higher education is itself being transformed. The article documents these changes, challenging the assumption that there is a homogeneous or “single academic profession” with a common experience of academic change, and suggests a more complex picture for faculty in new HEIs. There are three sections: (1) overview of the literature on academic work, (2) how faculty in new HEIs are learning to play the research game, and (3) strategies and policies being introduced to encourage and facilitate research.  相似文献   

14.
全球化背景下,学术职业流动呈现出市场化、国际化、多样化的特点。这给高等教育发展带来契机:促进了大学教育国际化;增强了学术职业的国际竞争力;消解大学的国家主义。但同时也带来了系列挑战,使大学学术职业队伍存在安全风险,更使学术职业面临价值两难和身份危机。  相似文献   

15.
“学术职业”是西方学者研究高等教育的一个重要领域所使用的专门术语。国内对学术职业的研究却刚刚起步,主要是对国外研究成果进行译介,以及从学术职业角度对中国大学教师的问题进行探索,但仍表现出对西方学术职业研究不系统、概念界定不明确、研究群体单薄等问题。  相似文献   

16.
自20世纪80年代以来,荷兰的高等教育政策不断朝权力下放的方向发展,大学的适应能力不断增强。文章在这种宏观背景下,集中讨论了与荷兰学术职业相关的几个问题:学术任命与学术发展;学术职业类型的多样化;学术人员身份的改变以及终身教授制改革等。  相似文献   

17.
基于35所“双一流”建设高校的教师调查数据,根据近似性理论和社会网络理论分析海归教师的海外和本土二元学术网络特征,考察海外流动的学术网络构建作用。研究发现,海外流动对海外和本土学术网络产生相反的影响,海外流动经历显著优化了海归教师的海外学术网络规模、关系强度和网络顶端,但显著降低了本土学术网络关系强度。不同类型的海外流动对学术网络构建的影响作用存在差异,海外博士/工作流动对海外学术网络的优化作用和对本土学术网络的削弱作用最大,其次是海外博士留学,最后是海外工作流动。不同回国阶段海归教师的二元学术网络特征存在显著差异,随着回国时间的推移,海归教师的海外学术网络优势逐渐下降,本土学术网络劣势有所修复。高校应充分利用海归教师的跨国社会资本优势提升中国高等教育的国际化水平,并促进海归教师尽快融入本土学术圈。  相似文献   

18.
伯顿·克拉克认为,高等教育是由生产知识的群体构成的学术组织,学术文化是它的组织特质和要素,由学科到专业、院校及其国家学术系统的文化是逐级形成的。各层次的文化在高等教育系统中具有不同的特征,各自发挥着不同的作用,研究学术文化是探索高等教育规律的重要切入点。伯顿·克拉克的学术文化思想对我国当前的高等教育改革和发展具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。  相似文献   

19.
The modernisation of research evaluation: The case of the UK   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
The Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), first established by the UK University Grants Committee in 1985 has been an important instrument in the modernisation of higher education in the UK. It is a means of rationalising the stratification of universities and the concentration of research resources, and of maximising research output. At the same time, while its operation remains substantially under professional control, it has had profound implications for the academic profession. The article explores these through analysing the workings of the RAE and its consequences for higher education institutions, departments and individuals. It suggests that the RAE has triggered substantial changes in the management of the research function in universities and in the culture of university departments. It has disturbed the web of relationship between the individual academic, the discipline, the department and the institution. It has impacted on individual professional identities and concepts of research responsibilities.  相似文献   

20.
借鉴新制度主义理论,本文对美国大学教师评聘的“共识性”标准及其评价实践中的标准分化现象进行解释。研究发现,专业协会通过制定和传播被学术界广泛认可的学术理念和规则,促进了机构的规范性趋同。经费紧缩、问责强化以及大学排名的兴起使得研究导向的评价标准得到广泛应用,进而引发了机构的模仿性趋同。与此同时,历史传统、办学使命和发展目标的差异使得不同类型的大学通过对评价标准进行优先排序以及对具体指标进行差异化赋权,分别形成了各具特色、重点突出的评价标准体系。趋同与分化,构成美国大学教师评聘标准的“一体两面”。借鉴美国大学的经验,我国在深化高校教师分类评价改革的进程中,应进一步扩大和落实高校人事自主权,鼓励不同类型和层次的高校结合实际校情与本校特色,制定更加多元化与精细化的教师评聘标准体系。  相似文献   

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