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肾素—血管紧张素—醛固酮系统在血压调节和高血压发病中都有重要影响 ,而卡托普利属血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂 (ＡＣＥＩ) ,通过影响肾素—血管紧张素—醛固酮系统发挥其抗高血压作用。1 适用于各型高血压的治疗卡托普利是治疗原发性高血压的有效药物 ,其逆转左室肥厚的作用已被公认。大量临床观察证明卡托普利有明显降压作用 ,可以治疗轻度和轻至重度高血压 ,亦可用于高血压急症的治疗[1] 。其降压机制主要通过 :1.1 卡托普利通过抑制血管紧张素转化酶使血浆中的血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度降低。而血管紧张素Ⅱ是肾素系统的主要递质 ,它作用于特异… 相似文献
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高血压治疗的现状与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高血压病是全球范围内最常见的心血管系统疾病，是严重危害人们健康的疾病之一、目前高血压治疗仍然沿用传统的治疗方法，然而随着对高血压病发病机制研究的深入和各种新的抗高血压药物的研制和问世，对高血压的治疗思路和方法提出了新的挑战，故现阶段提出了在高血压个体化治疗的基础上同时从确切降压、稳定血压和阻断肾素-血管紧张素系统三方面进行治疗的新概念、从这三方面具体阐述了高血压新的治疗思路和方法． 相似文献
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高血压的药物治疗综述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
何友花 《江西广播电视大学学报》2006,29(1):75-77
我国高血压患病人数达11000万，日益构成人们生命和健康的威胁。高血压病的药物治疗发展迅速，特别是β受体阻滞剂、钙离子拮抗剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体（AT1）拮抗剂等新型抗高血压药的问世，从根本上改变了高血压药物治疗的态势。 相似文献
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氯沙坦是第一个应用于临床的新型口服非肽类血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻断剂 ,经肝形成的代谢产物直接与受体结合而起到治疗高血压作用。1 治疗老年性充血性心力衰竭[1]肾素 -血管紧张素系统在心衰时被激活 ,氯沙坦通过调节和抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ受体达到缓解充血性心力衰竭的发展 ,降低病死率。氯沙坦对患有老年慢性肺疾病或肾功能减退的充血性心衰患者 ,临床疗效好 ,且无干咳、血管神经性水肿等不良反应 ,患者耐受好。但对严重心力衰竭患者氯沙坦治疗以小剂量开始为宜 ,尤其血压偏低者 ,应用应谨慎。2 治疗高血压文献报道[2 ] ,肾素 -血管紧张素 -… 相似文献
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肾素—血管紧张素系统(renin-angiotensin.system,RAS)是由肾脏和肝脏分泌的一组相互作用又相互调节的激素或受体。长期以来,人们认为RAS是一个循环激素系统,在血压的调节中起着关键性作用。但近年来发现它还是一个局部内分泌系统,通过内分泌和旁分泌方式发挥重要的生理作用。 1 肾素—血管紧张素系统(RAS) 1.1血浆RAS 血浆RAS主要由肾素(renin),血管 相似文献
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福辛普利是新一代含磷酸基并经肝肾双通道代偿性清除的血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂 (ＡＣＥＩ) ,具有与其它ＡＣＥＩ不同的药代动力学[1] 。1 作用机制1.1 降压作用[2 ] 福辛普利通过阻止血管紧张素Ⅰ转化为血管紧张素Ⅱ ,从而降低由血管紧张素Ⅱ介导的一切作用 ,使血中血管紧张素Ⅰ和肾素含量增加 ,血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮水平降低 ,减少钠水潴留 ,血容量减少 ,心脏前后负荷降低 ,体循环小动脉压力和阻力下降 ,从而使血压下降。1.2 降低血浆内皮素水平[2 ]1.2 .1 抑制肾素 -血管紧张素系统 (ＲＡＳ)的活性 ,减少血管紧张素Ⅱ的生成 ,从而使… 相似文献
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左室肥厚是高血压的严重并发症之一 ,也是发生心血管事件的独立危险因素 ,其心血管疾病死亡率较无左室肥厚者增加 8倍[1] 。肾素 -血管紧张素系统(ＲＡＳ)不仅参与血压调节 ,而且心脏局部ＲＡＳ也参与了心肌肥厚的发生[2 ] 。1 药理作用机制[3]氯沙坦为血管紧张素Ⅱ的ＡＴ1亚型受体阻断剂 ,是非肽类特异性、竞争性拮抗剂。为美国ＦＤＡ1995年批准临床使用的新的抗高血压药。血管紧张素Ⅱ与位于细胞膜上的血管紧张素Ⅱ受体结合后 ,增加胞浆内Ｃａ2 + 可用度 ,引起血管收缩。血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻断药氯沙坦可松弛血管平滑肌、扩张血管、增加肾… 相似文献
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本文对190例心血管疾病用放射免疫法(RIA)检测结果进行综合分析。用放射免疫分析法测定肾素(PRA)—血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅡ)—血浆固酮(ALD)是近年来的一新的检测技术,它对临床诊断高血压、心病有要参考价值。对调解人体电压、水和电解质的平衡,维持人体内环境的稳定起重要作用。 相似文献
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高血压是一种慢性疾病 ,长期规则有效的血压控制 ,使高血压病患者持续地维持于正常血压状态 ,可降低脑卒中、心力衰竭和肾功能衰竭等高血压并发症的发生率及病死率。目前 ,药物治疗仍是控制高血压并预防其并发症的有效措施。降压治疗的目的就是要将患者的血压降至正常范围或可接受水平 ,减少高血压所引起的靶器官的损害 ,最大限度地避免降压药物的副作用。氯沙坦和福辛普利为两类新型的抗高血压药物且均为长效制剂 ,对原发性高血压降压有很好的疗效 ,且对肾脏有保护作用。本文对两药的作用进行比较[1,2 ] 。1 降压作用肾素 -血管紧张素系统… 相似文献
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目的比较三种二联用药方案治疗轻中度高血压病的疗效和安全性。方法随机开放对照试验,经2周安慰剂导入期,96例轻中度高血压病患者进入4周的治疗期,分三组对照用药。结果三组药物联用均能明显降低血压(P<0.01),总有效率分别为90.5%、93.6%、94.8%。结论对轻中度高血压病三种二联用药方案均安全、有效,每日一次能维持24小时降压效应,B、C组较A组为佳。 相似文献
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袁小明 《泰州职业技术学院学报》2012,12(6):119-121
目的分析高血压治疗费用对高血压治疗控制率的影响,以提高高血压的控制率。方法以内科门诊近一年半以来高血压病患者看病就诊未能很好的控制血压的526例作为随访对象,按照临床高血压的治疗原则,根据患者的个体差异,血压未能控制者,适当增加原来口服药物的剂量或加服另一种降压药。结果265例患者经再次调整价格便宜的降压药物利血平后,部分患者下降明显,血压可以得到较好的控制。其中根据患者体质差异血压完全有效者达到156例,占总数的58．9％。结论针对经济困难的高血压患者,做出相应的对策将明显提高高血压患者的控制率。 相似文献
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In the first part of this article, we described medicinal uses of inorganic compounds relating to cancer care, infection and
diabetic control, neurological, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. This article contains further information on the
medicinal uses of inorganic compounds as therapeutic and diagnostic in chelation therapy, as antihypertensive and anti-ulcer
agents, metal Superoxide dismutase mimics, metal activation of organic drugs, radiopharmaceuticals, magnetic resonance imaging
contrast agents and photodynamic therapy. 相似文献
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高利群 《岳阳职业技术学院学报》2007,22(5):79-80
目的旨在观察新型钙离子拮抗剂贝尼地平治疗原发性高血压病的疗效,为临床治疗的选择提供依据。方法将2005年8月～2006年10月中符合高血压病诊断标准的轻中度原发性高血压病患者40例采用自身前后对照临床药物治疗试验,停用其他降压药物及可能影响血压的药物,观察贝尼地平治疗6周后对高血压病患者血压的疗效,同时观察患者心率及肝、肾功能、血糖、血脂、血尿酸和心电图变化。结果经贝尼地平治疗6周后患者舒张压和收缩压均有显著下降,治疗前后心率及其他相关性检查无明显变化。结论贝尼地平治疗中轻度原发性高血压病的降压作用确切、平稳、持续且安全性好。 相似文献
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阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease,AD）是一种慢性中枢神经系统退行性疾病,病因不明、发病机制复杂,因此动物模型的建立对探索其发病机制及寻找防治疾病的药物具有重要意义。在动物模型中,转基因小鼠模型和转基因果蝇模型已成为研究热点。该文就阿尔茨海默病的发病机制和动物模型的研究现状进行综述。 相似文献
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Ilker Ugulu 《Environmental Education Research》2015,21(6):916-942
Recycling and its applications are growing significantly due to the great potential for solving a range of environmental problems in society. Nevertheless, there are currently very few instruments that can provide valid and reliable data on students’ attitudes toward recycling. In this regard, this article focuses on the development and validation of Recycling Attitude Scale (RAS). The items in the RAS were developed initially from the responses to three open-ended items by 53 tenth and eleventh grade students and literature review on recycling attitude. This initial form was pilot tested with 356 tenth and eleventh grade students and then subjected to exploratory factor analysis. Subsequently, the revised version of the scale was administrated to 694 tenth grade students, and the results were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis. The RAS consists of 21 items in three subscales, with responses recorded on a four-point Likert scale, options ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient (α) of the scale was found to be .87. The results indicate that the RAS a potentially valuable tool for both instructors and researchers in Turkey for the assessment of the attitudes toward recycling held by students in secondary education. 相似文献
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《Critical Studies in Education》2013,54(2):149-162
Rarely do refugee students entering Australian schools possess the multiple forms of social, linguistic and cultural capital that are taken for granted in mainstream classrooms. While refugees of high-school age are assisted initially through Intensive English Centres (IECs), the transition from IECs to mainstream classrooms presents substantial challenges. This paper outlines the perceived impacts of a partnership program known as Refugee Action Support (RAS) that assists secondary school students, predominantly African humanitarian refugees, as they seek to make the transition from IECs to mainstream settings. Implemented by the Australian Literacy and Numeracy Foundation, the University of Western Sydney and the NSW Department of Education and Training, the program is based on school-based tutoring centres that use pre-service teachers as tutors. The paper explores the perceived effects on refugee students participating in RAS from the perspectives of teachers who assist in the coordination of the program at the various school sites. 相似文献
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Children (n = 122) and adults (n = 200) with dyslexia completed rapid automatic naming (RAN) letters, rapid automatic switching (RAS) letters and numbers,
executive function (inhibition, verbal fluency), and phonological working memory tasks. Typically developing 3rd (n = 117) and 5th (n = 103) graders completed the RAS task. Instead of analyzing RAN/RAS results the usual way (total time), growth mixture modeling
assessed trajectories of successive times for naming 10 symbols in each of five rows. For all three samples and both RAN and
RAS, two latent classes were identified. The “faster” class performed slowly on the first row and increased time by small increments on subsequent rows. The “slower” latent class performed more slowly on the first row, and children, but not adults, increased time by larger increments on subsequent rows. For children, both the initial row (automaticity index) and slope (sustained controlled processing index)
of the trajectory differentiated the classes. For adults, only the initial row separated the classes. The longest time was
on row 3 for RAN and row 4 for RAS. For the typically developing 5th graders, close in age to the children with dyslexia,
the trajectories were flatter than for children with dyslexia and only the slower class (4%) showed the peak on row 4. For
children with dyslexia, inhibition predicted RAN slope within the slower latent class and phonological working memory predicted
RAS slope for both latent classes. For adults with dyslexia, inhibition and phonological working memory differentiated both
latent classes on RAN intercept and RAS slope. Taken together, RAN, which may assess the phonological loop of working memory,
and RAS, which may assess the central executive in working memory, may explain the timing deficit in dyslexia in sustaining
coordinated orthographic-phonological processing over time.
This research was supported by Grant Ns. P50 33812 and R01 HD25858 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,
Virginia W. Berninger, PI. 相似文献