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1.
目的:通过对人参皂苷和三七皂苷多成分多水平均匀设计配伍的神经保护作用筛选研究,评价中药有效成分的均匀设计-高通量筛选技术。方法:选取人参皂苷Re,Rb1,Rg1,Rg3和三七皂苷R1等五种皂苷单体6个水平(1×10-4~1×10-9mol.L-1)进行均匀设计配伍组合,通过神经细胞血清剥夺损伤模型进行药效高通量筛选;得到的最佳组合样品,再通过小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型(避暗法、断头耐缺氧实验)及血清和脑、心肌组织老化相关酶测定,进行药效学评价。结果:在细胞实验中筛选得到的最佳3个组合样品(A11,A12,P5),药效(细胞存活率>90%)高于1×10-4mol.L-1浓度的五种皂苷单体及维生素E(细胞存活率最高78%);可明显改善小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤所致的记忆障碍,增强耐缺氧能力,提高组织超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性,降低一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)含量,维持谷丙转氨酶(glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,ALT)及乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)含量稳定(P<0.01~0.05)。结论:均匀设计配伍与... 相似文献
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人参皂苷药理活性的研究进展 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
人参化学成分复杂 ,生物活性广泛 ,药理作用独特 ,目前从人参中提取出的成分有皂苷、糖类、蛋白质、低分子肽、多胺、氨基酸、有机酸、维生素、脂肪酸、果胶、β-谷甾醇等。医学和药理研究证明 ,人参皂苷为人参的主要有效成分之一 ,它是人参根的主要生理活性物质。目前 ,用色谱法从人参及其地上部分共分离得到 39个人参皂苷。把总皂苷称为人参皂苷Ｒｘ ,按硅胶薄层色谱Ｒｆ 值的大小顺序由小到大将每一组分命名为Ｒｏ、Ｒａ、Ｒｂ1、Ｒｂ2 、Ｒｂ3 、Ｒｃ、Ｒｄ、Ｒｅ、Ｒｆ、Ｒｇ1、Ｒｇ2 、Ｒｇ3 、Ｒｈ1、Ｒｈ2 和Ｒｈ3 等。但最近几年对… 相似文献
3.
目的：观察人参皂苷Rg1的抗抑郁作用,探讨其抗抑郁机制。方法：采用小鼠悬尾实验（tail suspension test,TST）和强迫游泳实验（forced swim test,FST）建立急性应激模型,选择大鼠慢性温和不可预见性应激（chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS）的方法建立长期抑郁模型。同时给予人参皂苷Rg1（5,10,20 mg·kg-1·d-1）和度洛西汀（10 mg·kg-1·d-1）,观察Rg1的抗抑郁作用。结果：在急性应激实验中,Rg1三个剂量组（5,10,20 mg·kg-1）均能够显著减少动物的不动时间。慢性应激后,采用强迫游泳和糖水消耗实验进行行为学检测,与模型组相比,Rg1三个剂量均能够显著减少大鼠在强迫游泳实验中的不动时间,增加糖水偏好实验的糖水消耗百分比,延长动物的睡眠时间。机制研究证明,Rg1可抑制PDE4引起环腺苷酸（cyclic adenosine monophsphate,cAMP）的累积,进而激活cAMP介导的抗抑郁信号转导途径,还可增加雄激素水平,而雄激素又能拮抗糖皮质激素的释放和增加基础突触传递。此外,增加突触新生也是抗抑郁的重要机制。结论：人参皂苷Rg1对小鼠急性应激和CUMS诱导的大鼠抑郁行为有显著的改善作用,并可能通过调节神经递质和激素的释放、减少糖皮质激素含量、增加神经营养因子的表达以及增强突触可塑性来发挥抗抑郁作用。 相似文献
4.
人参皂苷Rg1对糖尿病大鼠心肌氧化应激及细胞凋亡的影响（英文） 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Hai-tao YU Juan ZHEN Bo PANG Jin-ning GU Sui-sheng WU 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2015,16(5):344-354
目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg1对高血糖所致心肌损害的保护作用及其机制。创新点:使用糖尿病大鼠为实验对象,探讨三种浓度的人参皂苷Rg1对糖尿病心肌损伤的保护作用及其机制,检测其是否具有浓度依赖性。方法:将60只Wistar大鼠随机分组,其中空白对照组10只,另50只给予高脂高糖饲养,4周后腹腔注射40 mg/kg链脲佐菌素(STZ)。成功制备糖尿病大鼠模型40只,再随机分为糖尿病模型组,糖尿病大鼠+低剂量人参皂苷Rg1(10 mg/(kg·d)),糖尿病大鼠+中剂量人参皂苷Rg1(15 mg/(kg·d)),糖尿病大鼠+高剂量人参皂苷Rg1(20 mg/(kg·d))。12周后处死大鼠,取血测定空腹血糖、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、心肌酶及氧化应激水平,留取心肌组织使用透射电镜观察心肌细胞超微结构改变,应用TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡,免疫组化检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(CASP3)和Bcl-x L的表达。结论:人参皂苷Rg1对糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢无明显影响,人参皂苷Rg1可降低糖尿病大鼠血清肌钙蛋白(c Tn I)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平,改善心肌细胞超微结构,减少心肌细胞凋亡,降低大鼠血清和心肌组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH)水平,降低凋亡蛋白CASP3的表达,同时提高Bcl-x L蛋白表达。总之,人参皂苷Rg1能显著保护糖尿病大鼠心肌损伤,其机制可能与其抗氧化及抗细胞凋亡作用有关。 相似文献
5.
目的：研究三七总皂苷对小鼠学习记忆功能及对内乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）的影响。方法：对东莨菪碱致学习记忆障碍小鼠进行跳台及“Y”型迷宫行为学检验,同时测定了小鼠脑内AchE的活性。结果：在跳台实验和“Y”型电迷宫行为学检测中,三七总皂苷用药组（100,200mg／kg）对小鼠学习记忆功能有明显的改善作用,并可抑制小鼠脑内AchE活性。结论：三七总皂苷对东莨菪碱造成的学习记忆获得障碍小鼠的学习记忆能力均有明显的改善作用,该作用可能与抑制AchE活性有关。 相似文献
6.
将重楼皂苷类化合物PHAC-A和PHAC-B配制为高、低质量浓度组,以灌胃方式连续给药7 d,测定小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数.结果显示,PHAC-A,PHAC-B高、低质量浓度组对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分率和吞噬指数的影响均高于对照组和阳性对照组（P〈0.05）;两组比较,PHAC-A对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的促进作用明显高于PHAC-B.结果表明,重楼皂苷类化合物对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能具有明显促进作用,并以PHAC-A的作用最强. 相似文献
7.
人参皂苷化学修饰物PM1抗肿瘤活性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]人参皂苷化学修饰物PM1是人参皂苷酶代谢产物M1与棕榈酸发生酯化反应形成的脂肪酸类酯化合物,通过对PM1进行药理学观察,确定其是否具有抗肿瘤活性.[方法]采用移植肿瘤动物模型,以生理盐水组、环磷酰胺组作对照,对小鼠腹腔注射进行药理学观察.[结果]PM1对小鼠肝移植肿瘤(HepA)的抑制作用与对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.001),肿瘤抑制率为49.92%.PM1对胃移植肿瘤(MFC)的抑制作用与对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.001),肿瘤抑制率为49.96%.[结论]PM1对小鼠肝肿瘤(HepA)、胃肿瘤(MFC)有明显的抑制作用. 相似文献
8.
《昆明师范高等专科学校学报》2014,(6)
试验用重楼薯蓣皂苷(SY)和偏诺皂苷(PN)对微囊藻毒素浸染的小鼠进行连续灌胃,并通过对小鼠肝脏进行石蜡包埋、制片和HE染色,观察小鼠肝组织的显微结构,目的在于研究重楼皂苷类化合物对微囊藻毒素(MC)所致肝损伤的保护作用.结果显示,微囊藻毒素具有肝毒性,致肝小叶结构严重破坏,而重楼薯蓣皂苷和偏诺皂苷对微囊藻毒素所致的肝损伤均有保护作用. 相似文献
9.
通过对三组恒定磁场作用4 h、3 h和2 h动物与对照组动物(无外加磁场作用)进行游泳耐疲劳运动时间的比较,探讨恒定磁场对小鼠抗应激能力的影响.结果发现,3 h或4 h恒定磁场作用组与正常对照组比较,动物游泳耐疲劳运动时间延长,且具有显著性差异(P<0.05);2 h恒定磁场作用组与正常对照组比较,动物游泳耐疲劳运动时间无显著性差异(P>0.05).说明给小鼠一定时间的恒定磁场作用能明显提高小鼠的抗应激能力,作用过长时间虽然能提高抗应激能力,但对小鼠的伤害较大. 相似文献
10.
目的:探讨绞股蓝皂苷(Gynostemma saponin)对对乙酰氨基酚(Acetaminophen,APAP)引起的急性肝毒性的影响。方法:将28只小鼠,随机分为空白对照组、APAP组、绞股蓝皂苷组。绞股蓝皂苷组小鼠灌胃绞股蓝皂苷(80mg/kg),连续3d,其他组给予等体积生理盐水。第3天末次给药后2h,绞股蓝皂苷组和APAP组腹腔注射对乙酰氨基酚溶液(500mg/kg),空白对照组给予等体积生理盐水。APAP处理后6h取血清测血液生化指标谷丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)。结果:与空白对照组比较,APAP组的脏器系数、ALT和AST水平均显著升高(P <0. 05),与APAP组比较,绞股蓝皂苷组的脏器系数、ALT和AST水平均显著升高(P <0. 05)。结论:对乙酰氨基酚造成了小鼠急性肝损伤,绞股蓝皂苷可加重对乙酰氨基酚对小鼠的肝毒性。 相似文献
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This study compares the effects on Mental Rotation Test (MRT) performance of instructions that stress the importance of (a) personal effort, and (b) genetically driven ability. A total of 120 high-school students were assigned to three groups, and administered two sub-tests of the MRT. Between the first and second sub-tests, the groups received one of the following instructions: effort (“anyone can succeed in this task by putting in effort”), ability (“performance on the test depends on genetic determinants”), and neutral for control (“this is an important test used in many countries”). We predicted that effort but not ability instructions would affect performance. Results confirmed the prediction and showed that, after controlling for baseline performance, the effort group outperformed the ability and control groups, which did not differ from each other. Discussion focuses on the mechanisms implied in believing ability to be genetically determined or experientially driven. 相似文献
12.
Lu Yuan-qiang Cai Xiu-jun Gu Lin-hui Fan Yu-jing Wang Qi Bao De-guo 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2005,6(9):907-912
Objective: To observe the effects of three fluid resuscitation methods on apoptosis of visceral organs in rats with hemorrhagic
shock. Methods: A model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock and active bleeding was established in 32 SD (Sprague-Dawley)
rats. The rats were randomly divided into control group, no fluid resuscitation group (NF group), controlled fluid resuscitation
group (NS40 group) and rapid large scale fluid resuscitation group (NS80 group). Each group contained 8 rats. The curative
effects were compared. At the same time, the apoptosis in liver, kidney, lung and small intestinal mucosa of survivors after
hemorrhage and resuscitation was detected by light microscopy in HE (hematoxylin and eosin) stained tissue sections, flow
cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL). Results: The survival rate of early fluid
resuscitation (14/16) was markedly higher than that of NF group (3/8). There was some apoptosis in liver, kidney, lung and
small intestinal mucosa of all survivors. Compared with NF and NS40 groups, the apoptosis of liver, kidney and small intestinal
mucosa of NS80 group was obviously increased. Conclusions: Among three fluid resuscitation methods, controlled fluid resuscitation
can obviously improve the early survival rate and the apoptosis of liver, kidney and small intestinal mucosa in rats with
severe and uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock, and may benefit improvement of prognosis. 相似文献
13.
Hypertonic saline resuscitation reduces apoptosis of intestinal mucosa in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Objective: To investigate the early effects of hypertonic and isotonic saline solutions on apoptosis of intestinal mueosa in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Methods: A model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock was established in 21 Spragne-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into the sham group, normal saline resuscitation (NS) group, and hypertonic saline resuscitation (HTS) group, with 7 in each group. We detected and compared the apoptosis in small intestinal mucosa of rats after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL), FITC (fluo-rescein-iso-tbiocyanate)-Annexin V/PI (propidium iodide) double staining method, and flow cytometry. Results: In the early stage of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, marked apoptosis of small intestinal mucosa in the rats of both NS and HTS groups was observed. The numbers of apoptotic cells in these two groups were significantly greater than that in the sham group (P＜0.01). In the HTS group, the apoptic cells significantly decreased, compared with the NS group (P＜0.01). Conclusion: In this rat model of severe hemorrhagic shock, the HTS resuscitation of small volume is more effective than the NS resuscitation in reducing apoptosis of intestinal mucosa in rats, which may improve the prognosis of trauma. 相似文献
14.
合作学习模式应用于高中英语教学中可凸显学生的主体性,提高课堂教学效率,培养学生的团队合作能力。在具体教学中,教师要合理划分合作学习小组,不断提高自身的教学组织能力,积极整合教学目标,注重发挥学生的特长,加强学生间的合作。文章探究核心素养背景下的高中英语合作学习策略。 相似文献
15.
Lu YQ Cai XJ Gu LH Fan YJ Wang Q Bao DG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(9):907-912
INTRODUCTION Hemorrhagic shock is a common clinic emer- gency case. Successful treatment includes surgical control of hemorrhage and restoration of tissue per- fusion. Current guidelines for presurgical treatment of patients with hemorrhagic shock recommend rapid volume resuscitation to normal blood pressure as quickly as possible. The practice is controversial because aggressive restoration of intravascular vol- ume and rapid increasing of blood pressure before securing hemostasis may ex… 相似文献
16.
英语教师在英语教学中,通过示范来增强学生英语运用能力,是一种＂以学生为中心＂为主要特点的独特教学模式。示范功能是语言功能中的一种,示范功能具有其他功能不可替代的作用。在英语教学中教师运用示范功能,可以激发学生英语学习兴趣,营造英语学习氛围,提高学生英语应用能力。 相似文献
17.
University students experience stress, and how they cope with this stress affects their academic achievement. This study examined stress in teacher education students and had three objectives: to describe different degrees of stress and coping styles; to study the relationship between stress, coping strategies and academic achievement; and to examine whether increased age can moderate the effects of stress on academic achievement in 334 university-students. There were three main findings: many students experienced stress and used avoidance coping strategies; the students who were under less stress and engaged less in cognitive avoidance and more in problem-focused coping were also the students who made more academic achievement; and students under more stress performed worse, but with age stress affected performance less. In teacher education students, it is important to recognize and address the harmful effects of stress on well-being and academic achievement, to avoid long-term problems in professional and personal life. 相似文献
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19.
革新法学教育模式 强化法学实践教学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
田肇树 《山西财经大学学报(高等教育版)》2003,(2):44-45
我国现行的法学教育模式比较注重向学生传授法学原理和基于现行规范的法律知识,相对轻视对学生实践能力、操作能力和创新能力的培养.对现行的法学教育模式必须进行实质性的、全方位的改革,要推行"实践性法学教育的模式",强化法学实践教学. 相似文献
20.
在运动过程中,机体内可出现负荷性低氧.低氧训练能有效增强人体运动机能,骨骼肌在短期或长期低氧应激作用下会产生一系列代偿性反应,从而改善自身代谢状况,提高低氧适应能力,促进低氧习服.自由基对机体作用具有双面性,在不适当的低氧运动负荷作用下,自由基代谢失平衡将造成骨骼肌细胞损伤和凋亡,而合理的低氧运动刺激能增强机体和骨骼肌的抗氧化能力和自由基清除能力.关于运动性内源自由基生成可能涉及线粒体机制、黄嘌呤氧化酶机制、中性粒细胞机制和钙机制等多个途径. 相似文献