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1.
David J. Symington 《Research in Science Education》1977,7(1):41-49
Conclusion Although the experiments reported here are only a beginning to the research needed, the results obtained so far suggest that
some teachers and some curriculum planners have overlooked factors in their consideration of problem solving as a learning
method in primary school science.
There appear to be teachers who have rejected this approach prematurely because many of the problems children suggest when
they are first introduced to this method of working are not sound starting points for investigation.
Curriculum palnners, on the other hand, do not appear to have given serious consideration to the fact that some subject matter
provides a better starting point for pupil problem solving than others. Further, there has been inadequate information available
for teachers on the type of classroom situations and teacher behaviour which will maximize pupils' ability to see investigable
science problems in everyday phenomena. The type of research reported here will be continued and expanded to provide a clearer
picture of contexts in which the ability of pupils to see investigable scientific problems is maximized. 相似文献
2.
Limin Chen Wim Van Dooren Qi Chen Lieven Verschaffel 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2011,9(4):919-948
In the present study, which is a part of a research project about realistic word problem solving and problem posing in Chinese
elementary schools, a problem solving and a problem posing test were administered to 128 pre-service and in-service elementary
school teachers from Tianjin City in China, wherein the teachers were asked to solve 3 contextually challenging division-with-remainder
(DWR) word problems and pose word problems according to 3 symbolic expressions. Afterwards, they were also given 2 questionnaires
wherein they had to evaluate 3 different pupil reactions to, respectively, 1 problem solving item and 1 problem posing item
about DWR. First, our results revealed that teachers behaved quite ‘realistically’ not only when solving and posing DWR problems
themselves but also when evaluating elementary school pupils’ DWR problem solving and problem posing performance. Second,
we found a correspondence between teachers’ own performance on the tests and their evaluations of pupils’ reactions. Third,
the present study provides some further insight into the role of one of the instructional factors that is generally considered
responsible for the strong and worldwide tendency among elementary school children to neglect real-world knowledge and realistic
considerations in their endeavours to solve and pose mathematical word problems, namely the teachers’ conceptions and beliefs
about this topic. 相似文献
3.
An ORACLE chronicle: A decade of classroom research 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article describes a decade of classroom research carried out in the United Kingdom at the University of Leicester. The ORACLE Project (Observational Research and Classroom Learning Evaluation) began in 1975 and consisted of two main projects. The first concerned a longitudinal process-product study of teaching and learning in the junior-age (7–11) classrooms while the second study concentrated on one particular aspect of the organization of these classrooms, collaborative group work. The major findings of both studies are described including the categorization of teaching styles and pupil types and the relationship between them. Evidence concerning the effectiveness of different teaching styles is also presented. More importantly, the article explores some of the possible reasons which might explain both teachers' and pupils' behaviour. It is suggested that process-product research still has an important part to play in the study of classrooms but that the outcome measures might, more usefully, concentrate on social factors affecting pupils' learning and the ways in which teachers can create supportive classroom climates rather than on the traditional measures of achievement. 相似文献
4.
Affect and Meta-Affect in Mathematical Problem Solving: a Representational Perspective 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We discuss a research-based theoretical framework based on affect as an internal representational system. Key ideas include the concepts of meta-affect and affective structures, and the constructs of mathematical intimacy and mathematical integrity. We understand these as fundamental to powerful mathematical problem solving, and deserving of closer attention by educators. In a study of elementary school children we characterize some features of emotional states inferred from individual problem solving behavior, including interactions between affect and cognition. We describe our methodology, illustrating theoretical ideas with brief qualitative examples from a longitudinal series of task-based interviews. 相似文献
5.
In this article we describe the way we teach our students a systematic problem solving method in a computer assisted learning project on ‘Dynamics for mechanical engineering’, Animations are used to enhance insight and motivation. We briefly discuss the theoretical foundations of systematic problem solving, and the role of animations. One of the dynamics problems will be described in more detail. Finally, we remark on the development tools used in the Windows environment. 相似文献
6.
《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2012,31(1):77-95
This paper reports on a research project completed with graduate students of the adult-education programme at the Leuven University in Flanders, Belgium. The research focused on cultural policies and practices in urban contexts that try to facilitate the learning of democratic citizenship in non-formal settings. In the first part we introduce some theoretical notions regarding the relationship between artistic practices in public spaces and pedagogy. The question here is how artistic interventions in urban environments can have an educative effect on people who participate in such experiences. In the second part we interpret some of the changes that take place in the urban context of a provincial city in Flanders and the related cultural policies and practices with the help of the theoretical concepts on public spaces and pedagogy. 相似文献
7.
8.
Robert E. Slavin 《Education 3-13》2015,43(1):5-14
Cooperative learning refers to instructional methods in which students work in small groups to help each other learn. Although cooperative learning methods are used for different age groups, they are particularly popular in elementary (primary) schools. This article discusses methods and theoretical perspectives on cooperative learning for the elementary grades. The article acknowledges the contributions from each of the major theoretical perspectives and places them in a model that depicts the likely role each plays in cooperative learning outcomes. This work explores conditions under which each perspective may operate, and suggests further research needed to advance cooperative learning scholarship. 相似文献
9.
Research conducted for the publication of the cartulary of the old University of Leuven has brought up new information on the genesis of the charter of foundation for the old University of Leuven (9 December 1425). It appears that the text was almost copied from the text of the charter of foundation for the University of Rostock (13 February 1419). The comparison of both texts shows that changes made reflect the different condition in founding both universities. This article clearly shows that papal charters of foundation for universities are open to interpretation as sources for university history. Only when they are studied compared to other charters that were granted to universities, embedded in what we know about the formulary and the organisation of the papal chancery, it is made possible to make a distinction between chancery formula and scarce but valuable indications of specific input by interested parties at the time of the founding of the university. *The theme of the paper has been influenced by recent research conducted at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven by Erik van Mingroot and myself. This research is part of a long term project, to be carried out by E. Van Mingroot, J. Roegiers & M. Nelissen, and aiming at the publication of the cartulary of the old University of Leuven, from its foundation in 1425 up to its abolition in 1797. 相似文献
10.
小学英语教学策略的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
苏雪梅 《雁北师范学院学报》2005,21(6):61-63
本文针对小学生自身的特点，提出了在小学英语教学中，要了解小学英语教学类型；要以激发学生的学习兴趣为出发点，根据小学生的兴趣爱好选择教学内容、方法以厦教学手段；要建立以形成性为主的科学的教学评价体系。 相似文献
11.
The paper will consist of three parts. In part I we shall present some background considerations which are necessary as a basis for what follows. We shall try to clarify some basic concepts and notions, and we shall collect the most important arguments (and related goals) in favour of problem solving, modelling and applications to other subjects in mathematics instruction. In the main part II we shall review the present state, recent trends, and prospective lines of development, both in empirical or theoretical research and in the practice of mathematics instruction and mathematics education, concerning (applied) problem solving, modelling, applications and relations to other subjects. In particular, we shall identify and discuss four major trends: a widened spectrum of arguments, an increased globality, an increased unification, and an extended use of computers. In the final part III we shall comment upon some important issues and problems related to our topic.Written version of a Survey Lecture given jointly at the Sixth International Congress on Mathematical Education (ICME-6, Budapest 1988). A condensation was published in a volume with contributions from the ICME-6 Theme Groups on Problem Solving, Modelling and Applications and on Mathematics and Other Subjects (Blum/Niss/Huntley 1989, pp. 1–21). 相似文献
12.
Jonathan Vincent Megan Potts Daniel Fletcher Simon Hodges Jenny Howells Alex Mitchell 《Educational Action Research》2017,25(2):300-315
This co-authored article outlines the research process and key findings from the Stratus Writers Project, a participatory action research project with a group of seven students on the autistic spectrum at a university in the North of England. The project explores their experiences of university through critical autobiographies and offers unique insider perspectives into some of the key issues, challenges and successes. Building on a participatory action research approach, the data were collected by the participants themselves; however, this study departs from traditional research in that the participants also analysed the data, thus offering rich and potentially overlooked theoretical knowledge. The article concludes by demonstrating the strength of participatory action research approaches by identifying the impact that our project and its findings have had so far. 相似文献
13.
This article discusses the theoretical relationships between inclusion in education and social justice. It draws on Martha Nussbaum's use of the capability approach is given as one of the few philosophical and political theories that places disability/impairment in the social justice debate. The article goes on to present findings from the initial stages of a three-year participatory action research project involving eight primary schools located in Dar es Salaam and Pwani (Coast) regions of Tanzania. The project aims to develop an Index of Inclusion in Tanzania. There are numerous barriers to inclusion at national, community and school levels. Both the literature review and the emerging findings of the project suggest some progress has been made towards inclusive, just and quality education in Tanzania but there is still a long way to go. 相似文献
14.
小学教师对学生课堂问题行为的知觉 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用访谈法和问卷法,以来自27所学校的550名小学教师为被试,考察教师对学生课堂问题行为的知觉。结果表明:(1)小学教师知觉到的学生课堂问题行为主要包括10个类别,其中,教师认为发生最为普遍的行为依次是走神、随便说话、多动、不跟随任务和不参与合作。(2)农村教师知觉到的课堂问题行为与城市教师存在显著差异。(3)教师倾向于认为指向他人的问题行为更为严重。(4)教师对课堂问题行为严重性的知觉存在着性别刻板印象。 相似文献
15.
通过中国小学生解决国外数学试题的分析 ,探讨中国基础教育现状 ,为数学教学改革提供实证研究基础。我们从国外数学测试中筛选、改编了一套小学五年级数学试卷 ,在全国九个省、市做了测验。结果显示 ,中国学生在考察基础知识的项目中表现出色 ;但在考察利用已有的生活经验解决问题的项目中 ,存在着相当的问题。因此 ,中国数学教育在重视基础知识的同时 ,应该引导学生有意义地理解数学、灵活自主地选择数学方法解决问题。 相似文献
16.
Gerard Audibert 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1983,14(2):155-181
This article describes part of the research done in the IREM of Montpellier, concerning plane Euclidean geometry. Fifty secondary school pupils worked on the following problem: given two circles and a rectangle, what is the largest possible number of points of intersection? The author studies some of the typical trains of thought of the pupils during the course of solving the problem' In this way he introduces and analyses three ideas: elementary thought processes, the bridging of local gaps, the processes of differentiation and integration. 相似文献
17.
Realistic considerations in solving problematic word problems: Do Japanese and Belgian children have the same difficulties? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of this study was to compare Japanese and Belgian elementary school pupils' (lack of) activation of real-world knowledge during understanding and solving arithmetic word problems in a school context. The word problem test used in a study by Verschaffel, De Corte, and Lasure (1994) was collectively administered to 91 Japanese fifth graders. Besides standard problems which can be modeled in a straightforward way by one or two basic arithmetic operations with the given numbers, this test contained a series of problematic items which cannot be modeled and solved in such a way, at least if one seriously takes into account the realities of the context evoked by the problem statement. The results of the study revealed that Japanese pupils, similarly to Belgian children, have a strong tendency to neglect commonsense knowledge and realistic considerations during their solution of word problems. Moreover, a comparison of Japanese pupils with and without extra hints aimed at improving the disposition towards more realistic mathematical problem solving revealed that these extra hints had only a small effect. 相似文献
18.
Carlos O. Calderón-Tena Linda C. Caterino 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2016,14(7):1377-1385
This study assessed the relation between long-term memory retrieval and mathematics calculation and mathematics problem solving achievement among elementary, middle, and high school students in nationally representative sample of US students, when controlling for fluid and crystallized intelligence, short-term memory, and processing speed. As hypothesized, structural equation modeling comparing elementary school students and middle and high school students revealed that long-term retrieval skills became a better predictor of both mathematics calculation and mathematics problem solving as age and grade increased. Future research should focus on the effectiveness of interventions to improve long-term retrieval skills in general, and arithmetic facts retrieval and problem solving procedures in particular, at all grades, including high school. 相似文献
19.
“问题解决”是国际数学教育研究的一个热点,本文从中美两国学生在问题解决的过程和结果的比较研究入手,比较和研究了中美两国学生在问题解决中提出问题的能力及解决问题的策略两方面的差异。 相似文献
20.
Tamara van Gog K. Anders Ericsson Remy M. J. P. Rikers Fred Paas 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2005,53(3):73-81
Cognitive load theory (CLT) has been successful in identifying instructional formats that are more effective and efficient
than conventional problem solving in the initial, novice phase of skill acquisition. However, recent findings regarding the
“expertise reversal effect” have begun to stimulate cognitive load theorists to broaden their horizon to the question of how
instructional design should be altered as a learner's knowledge increases. To answer this question, it is important to understand
how expertise is acquired and what fosters its development. Expert performance research, and, in particular, the theoretical
framework of deliberate practice have given us a better understanding of the principles and activities that are essential
in order to excel in a domain. This article explores how these activities and principles can be used to design instructional
formats based on CLT for higher levels of skills mastery. The value of these formats for e-learning environments in which
learning tasks can be adaptively selected on the basis of online assessments of the learner's level of expertise is discussed.
In their preparation of this article, the first and last authors were supported by an Internationalization grant from the
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, The Hague, project number 411-01-010). 相似文献