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韩丽萍 《内蒙古科技与经济》2006,(11):14-16
本文将电子商务这一环境变量纳入供应商选择与评价指标体系,并建立了体系框架,首先指出原有指标体系的不足,然后提出新指标体系构建的思路及原则,最后给出了具体指标的分级设置,为企业提高整个供应链绩效提供帮助。 相似文献
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基于主成分分析法的供应商综合评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
建立了供应商评价的指标体系,采用主成分分析法和SPSS11．0软件对各供应商的各指标数据进行处理,得到评价函数并对各供应商做出综合评价。以10个供应商的实际指标数据为基础给出了计算实例,验证了主成分分析法的有效性和可靠性。 相似文献
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企业环保投资效率评价指标体系构建研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过指标初次选择和指标优化两个阶段及评价方法的确定,构建企业环保投资效率评价指标体系。不同于企业各类社会责任报告,构建的企业环保投资效率评价指标体系专用于企业环境社会责任的评价,且构建的企业环保投资效率评价指标体系体现企业环保投资重视经济效益兼顾环境效益和社会效益的特点,同时也体现包括企业环保投资效率和企业环保投资等目标在内的多目标评价特点。 相似文献
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张剑 《内蒙古科技与经济》2007,(2)
对供应商质量等级进行正确评价是实现优化选择供应商合作伙伴的关键.现有供应商质量评价中存在指标选取不足的情况.本文确立了递阶层次结构为评价指标体系的基本数据结构,建立具有通用性的产品设计质量评价指标体系.并结合实际设计情况,提出前馈神经网络模型对供应商质量进行评价. 相似文献
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企业技术创新能力评价指标体系是测度企业技术创新能力的重要依据,系统的、科学的评价指标体系才能客观地反映企业技术创新能力,发现差距,通过改进提高企业技术创新能力以适应激烈的市场竞争的挑战。在提出企业技术创新能力评价指标体系建构原则的基础上,应用Delphi法通过集成多个专家意见设置了评价指标集,运用AHP法设计了评价指标体系层次递阶图,引用Saaty 1—9标度法对指标进行量化,构造了判断矩阵并计算出各指标的相对权重值,引用平均随机一致性指标RI值对判断矩阵进行了一致性检验,建构了企业技术创新能力评价指标体系基本模型。通过对三个企业技术创新能力的测评,实验结果证明该模型具有系统性、科学性及可操作性。 相似文献
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构建多阶段动态博弈模型,研究竞争市场中,政府的战略性创新激励政策、价格管制政策和医保支付政策对制药企业创新激励和创新药市场绩效的综合作用机制。研究表明:价格管制并非总是降低制药企业的创新激励,在一定条件下,价格管制能够引导企业的创新投入实现社会最优配置;价格管制政策和医保支付政策合理匹配,可实现制药企业、医疗机构、患者、医保机构和政府的"多赢";政府的战略性创新激励政策能够对制药企业的创新投入进行双向调节,引导其实现社会最优配置,进而提高制药企业的利润和社会总福利;当管制价格高于社会最优的管制价格时,提高医保福利水平和降低管制价格均会削弱战略性创新激励政策的实施效果。 相似文献
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This paper analyzes how governance structures impact the innovation capabilities of leading German and UK firms in the pharmaceutical industry. Our main objective is to show how variation in national institutional frameworks influences the innovation process, and thus, relative performance. There are two main conclusions. First, the corporate governance structure allowed leading UK firms to more quickly adapt than German firms to rapidly changing external environmental conditions in the global pharmaceutical industry. Secondly, leading UK firms have an advantage in generating innovative drugs (“blockbusters”) than do German firms due to the nature of the institutional framework in which they are embedded. 相似文献
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Integrating marketing and R&D inputs is one of the fundamental challenges in managing innovation. In the pharmaceutical industry, considering its reputed ‘technology push’ model of innovation, the challenge of integrating marketing and R&D could hardly be greater. Thus, the recent trend among pharmaceutical firms of implementing Marketing/R&D integrating mechanisms calls for upgrading our conceptualization of the innovation process in this industry. It also raises important questions regarding Marketing's contribution in new product development, and how to organize to assure that contribution is leveraged. We use the case of a pharmaceutical firm which recently implemented Marketing/R&D integrating mechanisms to examine Marketing's new roles. We find that the extreme conditions surrounding innovation in the pharmaceutical industry, notably the need to cope with Knightean uncertainty, highlight important contributions of Marketing input in R&D that deserve more attention. We suggest that Marketing's most important contribution under these conditions lies in ‘not getting it wrong’ rather than ‘getting it right,’ in setting minimum criteria in project evaluations rather than definite targets, and in refocusing the attention of R&D staff through the very process of providing this input. Given the value of these contributions, modern pharmaceutical firms would indeed be ill advised to think of drug discovery as merely a linear process. Drug development has become an interactive process where the timing, type and impact of Marketing involvement is balanced and managed via certain organizational mechanisms throughout the R&D process, which is an iterative one. 相似文献
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制药企业技术创新战略网络中的关系性嵌入 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
战略网络对企业的行为和绩效有重要的影响,企业在战略网络中的关系主要由嵌入关系构成。学术界对于企业间究竟应形成何种强度的联系并未达成共识,且对特定产业中的企业间关系性嵌入鲜有研究。本文对我国制药企业技术创新战略网络中的不同合作形式进行了关系性嵌入分析。提出企业选择合作形式的方向是与网络成员形成较强的关系性嵌入,制药企业应从深化已有联系和逐步结成较强联系两方面提升关系性嵌入程度。 相似文献
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我国制药企业技术创新的战略网络研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
战略网络理论认为企业之间错综复杂的相互合作竞争关系所组成的网络对于企业的行为和绩效有着重要影响。基于我国制药企业技术创新的现状,将技术创新与战略网络联系起来,对企业技术创新的战略网络进行分析,并提出制药企业要建立本企业的战略网络,根据自身情况以适当形式加强与网络各成员的紧密合作,充分利用网络资源进行技术创新,以促进企业技术创新能力的提高。 相似文献
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Jerome E. Schnee 《Research Policy》1979,8(4):364-382
The adverse economic impacts of the 1962 Kefauver-Harris Amendments to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act have transformed the U.S. pharmaceutical industry. The key elements of this transformation include declining rates of innovation, huge increases in R&D costs and risks, lowered profitability, and an erosion of U.S. technological leadership. U.S. pharmaceutical firms must develop new, creative R&D strategies in order to cope with this complex and demanding environment. U.S. firms have responded to more stringent domestic regulation by sharply increasing both foreign R&D expenditures and initial clinical testing of new chemical entities at foreign locations.New patterns of project selection strategies have begun to emerge in the 1970s. As the total number of R&D projects has been cut back, pharmaceutical firms have focused resources on those disease areas with the highest epidemiological importance. To cope with the increasing riskiness of drug R&D firms have shifted dollars from research to development. Pharmaceutical firms are also likely to alter their strategies for discovering new drugs. As firms reduce explorative, basic research, more structured, engineering approaches will receive increased emphasis. Because individual drug companies are likely to have reduced capacity for originating drugs within their own laboratories, competition among firms for access to new compounds and research ideas is likely to in tensify. 相似文献
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Pablo D’Este 《Research Policy》2005,34(1):33-45
This paper aims to contribute to the analysis of within industry inter-firm variety. The paper develops two themes: (i) the analysis of intra-industry heterogeneity, and (ii) the extent to which higher performance is associated with the capacity of firms to expand their knowledge base. The main contribution of the paper is empirical, based on a data source consisting of information on documents published in international scientific journals by Spanish pharmaceutical firms. The empirical results support the argument that the firm's knowledge base is a main driver of persistent heterogeneity within industries. We find systematic variety in terms of how firms articulate their research activities, and positive correlation between firms’ knowledge diversification and performance. 相似文献
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This paper analyses the role of repeated ties in the high-tech pharmaceutical biotechnology industry, a sector that is characterized by a strong dual market structure. Our most important finding is that previous ties in pairs of large pharmaceutical companies and small biotechnology firms have a negative effect on their subsequent partnering. An explanation for this result is found in the context of understanding the specifics of large-small coalitions in a high-tech dual market structure. Unlike what is known about repeated ties in many other industries, this high-tech dual market structure indicates that R&D partnerships between a small number of very large companies and a large group of dependent, small firms are not characterized by mutual dependence, similarity, or equality. 相似文献
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Kwanghui Lim 《Research Policy》2004,33(2):287-321
This paper evaluates the impact of basic and applied research on innovation in two industries. Whereas innovation in the pharmaceutical industry is closely tied to both basic and applied research, innovation in the semiconductor industry depends mainly upon applied research. Surprisingly, many firms perform little basic research, but they produce many innovations. Within each industry, firms pursue different R&D strategies: firms that emphasize basic research absorb more basic scientific knowledge than those that emphasize applied research. These findings suggest that future research must carefully consider how industry context and the composition of R&D mediate the relationship between research and innovation. 相似文献