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1.
Self-directed and social forms of learning are fundamentally different from traditional didactic educational settings from
which students are selected for veterinary, medical and other professional degree courses. It is therefore expected that a
mismatch may emerge between students’ conceptions of effective learning and expectations inherent to the new learning environments.
The present study addressed this issue by examining 128 preclinical students’ predispositions towards two key elements in
problem-based and case-based learning, namely self-directed and social forms of learning. A mixed method approach revealed
converging evidence of students’ overwhelming preference for external, teacher regulation and individual forms of learning.
External regulation was consciously invoked as a coping strategy in managing large amounts of complex information. Constructivist
conceptions of learning were positively related to an appreciation of the cognitive benefits of social forms of learning,
a relationship that has attracted little attention in the higher education literature. These findings stress the importance
of guiding students’ transition towards learning autonomy required for social forms of learning and continuous lifelong learning
after graduation. 相似文献
2.
The aim of this article is to shed light on some aspects of professional responsibility by investigating students’ visions
of future work and notions of professional responsibility. The data is based on interviews with samples of freshmen in three
educational programmes at the University of Oslo in Norway. The data has been analysed in relation to two thesis claimed by
Steven Brint: “The rise of a utilitarian ethos” in higher education and the movement from “social trustee professionalism”
to “expert professionalism”. The findings show that the students in our sample do not think of higher education primarily
as a means to get credentials that will be useful in the labour marked. An intellectual interest in the discipline is the
most prevalent reason for the students’ educational choices. Furthermore our findings support an orientation towards “expert
professionalism” rather than “social trustee professionalism”. But, embedded in the perspective of an expert there is an emphasis on ethical knowledge, moral and/or societal responsibility
and the wish to do good for others. However, the students’ sense of responsibility seems to be restricted to certain “localism”
of their specific occupation. Based on the findings we argue that the students reveal a moral awareness that should be taken
seriously by the educational institution in order to foster critical rationality and professional commitments. 相似文献
3.
Jazlin Ebenezer Russell Columbus Osman Nafiz Kaya Lin Zhang Devairakkam Luke Ebenezer 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2012,21(1):22-37
The purpose of this case-study is to narrate a secondary science teacher’s experience of his professional development (PD)
education and training in innovative technologies (IT) in the context of engaging students in environmental research projects
The sources from which the narrative is derived include (1) the science teacher’s reflective reports during three summer institute
programs and (2) the science teacher’s reflective reports while subsequently engaging students in IT-embedded environmental
research projects in his classroom. The science teacher’s explanations for changes in students’ perception of their IT fluency
illuminate his personal narrative. The science teacher attributed his growth and significant changes in students’ perceptions
of their IT fluency to the following mechanisms: (a) a personal commitment to developing his own and his students’ IT abilities
in the context of doing environmental research projects, and (b) an increase in class time devoted to science education due
to school-time scheduling policy. The study implies that immersive professional development opportunities have the potential
to produce significant increases in students’ perceptions of their IT fluency. 相似文献
4.
Learning in vocational schools and workplaces are the two main components of vocational education. Students have to develop professional competences by building meaningful relations between knowledge, skills and attitudes. There are, however, some major concerns about the combination of learning in these two learning environments, since vocational schools are primarily based on the rationales of learning and theory, while workplaces are based on the rationales of working and practice. This study therefore aims to structure empirical insights into students’ learning processes during the combination of school-based learning and workplace learning in vocational education. A review-study has been conducted in which ultimately 24 articles were analyzed thoroughly. The review shows that students’ learning processes in vocational schools and workplaces are related to six main themes: students’ expertise development, students’ learning styles, students’ integration of knowledge acquired in school and workplace, processes of knowledge development, students’ motivations for learning and students’ professional identity development. Our results show that students are novices who use specific and different learning styles and learning activities in vocational schools and workplaces. It is concluded that the enhancement of students’ learning processes needs to be adaptive and differentiated in nature. Recommendations for further research are elaborated and suggestions for the enhancement of students’ learning processes are discussed using insights from hybrid learning environments and boundary crossing via boundary objects. 相似文献
5.
This study explored university students’ views of whether they will need research skills in their future work in relation
to their approaches to learning, situational orientations on a learning situation of quantitative methods, and difficulties
experienced in quantitative research courses. Education and psychology students in both Finland (N = 46) and the USA (N = 122), who thought that they would need research skills in their future work, differed significantly from the students who
were not sure whether they would need these skills. The students, who considered research skills important for their future
work, were more task-oriented, used a deeper approach to learning and experienced fewer difficulties in the learning of research
skills than other students. This finding implies that experiences in learning, learning approaches and situational orientations
are related to expectations about future work. For instruction, this means that if we were somehow able to change students’
experiences and orientations towards research into a more positive direction, students might be better prepared for their
future work. 相似文献
6.
Fumei Weng France Cheong Christopher Cheong 《Education and Information Technologies》2010,15(4):333-353
The purpose of this study is to examine the combined effect of self-efficacy and academic integration on higher education
students studying IT (Information Technology) majors in Taiwan. We introduced self-efficacy, which is a psychological factor
that affects students’ academic outcomes, as a new factor in Tinto’ theory, a well-known framework in student retention research.
Academic integration is the main proposition of Tinto’s theory affecting students’ decision to dropout. Students from different
populations have various reasons from dropping out of their studies. An examination of the relationship between self-efficacy
and academic integration is useful to understand the effect of self-efficacy on academic outcomes on the IT student population
in Taiwan. Data from a Taiwanese national survey database conducted in 2005 was used to achieve the research objective. A
total of 2,895 records were extracted from 75,084 students in public and private institutions studying in two IT-related Majors,
namely Information Management (IM) and Computer Science (CS). MANOVA was used to analyze the interaction effects between academic
integration and self-efficacy. The independent variables were institution types and students’ majors. The results showed that
students from public institutions have higher levels of self-efficacy than students from private ones. Another finding is
that IM students seem to have better study strategies and habits than CS students. However, CS students were found to have
better collaboration and satisfaction with their institutions than IM students. Team projects, counselling services, and flexible
teaching and learning strategy are suggested to enhance students’ academic integration and self-efficacy. 相似文献
7.
It is widely recognized that metacognition is an important mediator for successful and high-level learning, especially in
higher education. Nevertheless, a majority of higher education students possess insufficient metacognitive knowledge and regulation
skills to self-regulate their learning adequately. This study explores the potential of reciprocal peer tutoring to promote
both university students’ metacognitive knowledge and their metacognitive regulation skills. The study was conducted in a
naturalistic higher education setting, involving 67 students tutoring each other during a complete semester. A multi-method
pretest–posttest design was used combining a self-report questionnaire, assessing students’ metacognitive knowledge and their
perceived metacognitive skilfulness, with the analysis of think-aloud protocols, revealing students’ actual use of metacognitive
strategies. Results indicate no significant pretest to posttest differences in students’ metacognitive knowledge, nor in their
perception of metacognitive skill use. In contrast, significant changes are observed in students’ actual metacognitive regulation.
At posttest, students demonstrate significantly more frequent and more varied use of metacognitive regulation, especially
during the orientation, monitoring, and evaluation phases. Furthermore, our findings point to an increase in more profound
and higher-quality strategy use at posttest. 相似文献
8.
The concept of job-hunting is an important factor affecting university students’ employment. This empirical study shows that
while hunting for a job, graduates witness negative correlation between their expectation of the nature of work and the demand
for occupational types and the accessibility to a post and monthly income; positive correlation between students’ initiative
and employment opportunities; positive correlation between salary expectation and real income; negative correlation between
mental preparation for hardship and job satisfaction. Therefore, institutions of higher learning must strengthen their employment
education, guiding students to foster a sound sense of competition, the concept of occupational position, mental preparation
for vocational hardship so that students can rectify their attitude towards employment and adjust their employment concept,
thus benefiting them in gaining a position.
__________
Translated from Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu 高等教育研究 (Journal of Higher Education), 2007, 29(1): 46–52 相似文献
9.
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are among the most prestigious technical institutes in India (and perhaps in the
world) for undergraduate engineering education. Admission to an IIT is viewed by many Indians as a passport to success, prosperity,
prestige, and possibly moving to Western countries for higher studies and/or jobs. This paper examines whether (i) access
to the IITs is open to students irrespective of their socioeconomic status; (ii) students’ satisfaction, once they enter an
IIT, is conditioned by their socioeconomic status; and (iii) students’ attitudes towards their future plans are influenced
by their socioeconomic status. The paper is based on a survey conducted with nearly 260 students at two out of five original
IITs in 2007–2008. Findings reveal that access to the IITs, satisfaction at the IITs, and future plans after the IITs are
strongly correlated to students’ socioeconomic status. Even though admission to the IITs is based on an entrance examination,
most of its students are from the socially and economically well-off families. 相似文献
10.
Choon-Lang Quek Angela F. L. Wong Shanti Divaharan Woon-Chia Liu Jarina Peer Michael D. Williams 《Learning Environments Research》2007,10(3):177-187
Project work (PW) provides one of the pathways for students’ self-inquiry learning and collaboration in Singapore schools.
In this context, PW teachers function as facilitators. This study investigated quantitatively how a group of 270 secondary-school
students (aged 14 years) perceived their seven PW teacher-facilitators’ face-to-face interactions with students based on the
Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI), and whether their perceptions of teacher–student interaction during PW classrooms
were related with their attitudes towards PW learning as a whole. Seven out of eight QTI scales were associated with Enjoyment
of Project Work Lessons and two QTI scales were associated with Attitude to Inquiry in Project Work. The findings are discussed
in terms of how teachers who function as facilitators can translate their interpersonal behaviours into effective teaching
strategies for communicating with students and facilitating students’ learning in PW classrooms. 相似文献
11.
Anne Haarala-Muhonen Mirja Ruohoniemi Nina Katajavuori Sari Lindblom-Yl?nne 《Learning Environments Research》2011,14(2):155-169
The present study explored differences in students’ perceptions of their teaching–learning environments in three professional
academic disciplines at the University of Helsinki, using a modified version of the Experiences of Teaching & Learning Questionnaire.
A total of 426 first-year students from the Faculties of Law, Pharmacy and Veterinary Medicine participated in the study.
When six scales measuring students’ perceptions of their teaching–learning environments were devised, veterinary and pharmacy
students experienced their teaching–learning environment more positively than law students. Significant differences in students’
perceptions were found between disciplines on the four scales of Alignment, Staff Enthusiasm and Support, Constructive Feedback
and Support from Other Students. Comparisons between the disciplines helped in recognising special features of each discipline
from novice students’ points of view. The questionnaire was found to provide valuable information about the quality of teaching
and learning. 相似文献
12.
?se Hansson 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2012,81(1):103-125
In the multilingual mathematics classroom, the assignment for teachers to scaffold students by means of instruction and guidance in order to facilitate language progress and learning for all is often emphasized. In Sweden, where mathematics education is characterized by a low level of teacher responsibility for students’ performance, this responsibility is in part passed on to students. However, research investigating the complexity of relations between mathematics teaching and learning in multilingual classrooms, as well as effect studies of mathematics teaching, often take the existence of teachers’ responsibility for offering specific content activities for granted. This study investigates the relations between different aspects of responsibility in mathematics teaching and students’ performance in the multilingual mathematics classroom. The relationship between different group compositions and how the responsibility is expressed is also investigated. Multilevel structural equation models using TIMSS 2003 data identified a substantial positive influence on mathematics achievement of teachers taking responsibility for students’ learning processes by organizing and offering a learning environment where the teacher actively and openly supports the students in their mathematics learning, and where the students also are active and learn mathematics themselves. A correlation was also revealed between group composition, in terms of students’ social and linguistic background, and how mathematics teaching was performed. This relationship indicates pedagogical segregation in Swedish mathematics education by teachers taking less responsibility for students’ learning processes in classes with a high proportion of students born abroad or a high proportion of students with low socio-economic status. 相似文献
13.
Leigh N. Wood Glyn Mather Peter Petocz Anna Reid Johann Engelbrecht Ansie Harding Ken Houston Geoff H. Smith Gillian Perrett 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2012,10(1):99-119
We report on an international study about mathematics students’ ideas of how they will use mathematics in their future study
and careers. This builds on our previous research into students’ conceptions of mathematics. In this paper, we use data from
two groups of students studying mathematics: those who participated in an in-depth interview and those who completed an open-ended
questionnaire. We found that their responses could be grouped into four categories: don’t know; procedural skills; conceptual
skills; and professional skills. Although some students held clear ideas about the role of mathematics, many were not able
to articulate how it would be used in their future. This has implications for their approach to learning and our approach
to teaching. 相似文献
14.
As institutions are moving towards offering more online and distance education courses, scholars have reported that instructors
may have difficulty developing learning communities among students enrolled in these courses (DiRamio and Wolverton 2006). The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in students’ perceptions of a learning community when enrolled
in an online or on-campus introduction to counseling course. Participants were beginning graduate and advanced undergraduate
students interested in pursuing a higher education degree in counseling. Results indicated no significant difference in students’
perceptions of learning communities based on course format. 相似文献
15.
The attitude construct is widely used by teachers and researchers in mathematics education. Often, however, teachers’ diagnosis
of ‘negative attitude’ is a causal attribution of students’ failure, perceived as global and uncontrollable, rather than an
accurate interpretation of students’ behaviour, capable of steering future action. In order to make this diagnosis useful
for dealing with students’ difficulties in mathematics, it is necessary to clarify the construct attitude from a theoretical viewpoint, while keeping in touch with the practice that motivates its use. With this aim, we investigated
how students tell their own relationship with mathematics, proposing the essay “Me and maths” to more than 1,600 students
(1st to 13th grade). A multidimensional characterisation of a student’s attitude towards mathematics emerges from this study.
This characterisation and the study of the evolution of attitude have many important consequences for teachers’ practice and
education. For example, the study shows how the relationship with mathematics is rarely told as stable, even by older students:
this result suggests that it is never too late to change students’ attitude towards mathematics. 相似文献
16.
Geneviève L. Lavigne Robert J. Vallerand Paule Miquelon 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2007,22(3):351-369
The purpose of this study was to propose and test a motivational model of persistence in science education. The model posits
that science teachers’ support of students’ autonomy positively influences students’ self-perceptions of autonomy and competence.
These self-perceptions, in turn, have a positive impact on students’ self-determined motivation toward science which leads
to their intentions to pursue science education and eventually work in a scientific domain. This model was tested with high
school students (n=728). Results from univariate analyses of variance and from structural equation modeling analyses (with
LISREL) were found to support the proposed model. In addition, a direct link was obtained between perceptions of competence
and intentions to pursue a science education, indicating that higher levels of perceived competence predicted higher levels
of persistence intentions. The present findings support Self-Determination Theory and open the way to future research from
a motivational approach in this area. 相似文献
17.
This research investigated 68 secondary school students’ perceptions of their computer-mediated project-based learning environment
and their attitudes towards Project Work (PW) using two instruments—Project Work Classroom Learning Environment Questionnaire
(PWCLEQ) and Project Work Related Attitudes Instrument (PWRAI). In this project-based learning environment, students experienced
a face-to-face classroom setting and e-learning by using a synchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) tool called ‘iCollaborate’
for online communication and project collaboration with peers from other countries. The PWCLEQ and PWRAI instruments were
used to evaluate the computer-mediated project-based learning environment using students’ perceptions of the learning environment
and to further investigate how their perceptions might affect their attitudes towards PW lessons. Students perceived the computer-mediated
project-based learning environment favourably but they preferred to experience more Material Environment and more Open-Endedness
and Social Presence. Simple correlation analysis revealed that all environment dimensions were significantly and positively
related to the students’ attitudes towards PW, while multiple regression analysis indicated that two scales, Instructor Support
and Social Presence, were the strongest predictors of attitudes towards PW lessons. 相似文献
18.
Innovative strategies in inquiry-based learning are recognized as improving the quality of higher education learning, but
there is a need to explore whether and how these strategies promote the development of professional identity among undergraduates.
In this article we describe an inquiry-based course, situated in a European context, which is designed to support students’
professional identity development through reflective practice; and we present the assessment of students’ learning outcomes.
Results highlight the key roles of field research, peer groups, and a narrative approach in promoting positive student attitudes
toward reflecting on their production of knowledge and in developing their professional identity. 相似文献
19.
This article is written to inspire curriculum developers to centre their efforts on the learning processes of students. It
presents a learning-based paradigm for higher education and demonstrates the close relationship between curriculum development
and students’ learning processes. The article has three sections: Section “The role of higher education (HE) institutions”
presents a discussion of the role of higher education in the knowledge society. Section “Contextual learning” presents the
paradigm of contextual learning which we see as a useful foundation for curriculum development. Section “Curriculum development
in practice—the BETA course” shows how a particular course in Business Economic Theory and Analysis has been developed using
this paradigm. The article will be of interest to all academics interested in students’ learning processes but is especially
relevant to those responsible for curriculum development. 相似文献
20.
The goal of higher education is to cultivate graduates’ creative capability, critical thinking skills, and other professional
qualities. This paper describes a project-based course and its application in graduate-level education. This course is to
improve students’ creative capability, collaboration capability, and self-direction. It includes many new elements such as
project-oriented, up-to-date textbooks and research results, and peer-review grading systems. Compared with conventional courses,
the evidence suggests that the project-based learning approaches used in this study will be quite successful for providing
postgraduate students with more autonomy and creative learning experience. 相似文献