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1.
马志强 《现代远程教育研究》2013,(2):31-37
问题解决在线学习活动强调将学习活动置于有意义的问题情境中,通过个人或小组协作的方式来解决问题。问题解决的过程与批判性思维的发展密不可分,批判性思维是问题解决学习活动中重要的认知加工过程。Newman等学者提出的批判性思维模型详细界定了批判性思维的发展层级及其表现,可用于量化分析在线学习活动中的交互文本内容,而话语分析技术可以从质性角度确保交互文本分析的完整意义。通过设计案例并运用这两种分析工具可以揭示出问题解决学习活动中批判性思维发展的特征：一是批判性思维各层级出现的频率是不一样的,各种表现的量化比例可以表明批判性思维发展的层级;二是批判性思维质量与构建问题空间及形成问题解决策略的效果密切相关;三是在问题解决的不同阶段批判性思维发展的过程和互动结构不同。 相似文献
2.
贾磊 《新疆师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007,28(3):57-59
逻辑作为一门工具性质的科学，最根本的目的是要解决实际问题，即在实践中应用逻辑思维快捷、有效地解决问题，这就是思维的逻辑操作。而在这一过程中，思维策略显得尤为重要。进行逻辑操作所运用的思维策略，可以通过反复实践加以提高。 相似文献
3.
深度学习能够促进高一级思维的发展并提升幼儿的自主学习意识。但是目前传统的生命教育活动无法促进幼儿的深度学习,需要幼儿教师注重在生命教育活动中的偶发性探索,使幼儿产生深度学习需求;正确做好"鹰架",帮助幼儿延续深度学习兴趣;重视幼儿反思,深化幼儿深度学习的思维;优化评价方式,关注过程与关注结果并重。 相似文献
4.
计算策略是影响儿童计算能力发展的重要因素,反映了儿童的思维过程及问题解决水平。目前已有研究对儿童早期加法策略的类型、水平及发展特点进行了深入细致的探讨。幼儿园在开展计算教学活动时应积极利用这些研究成果,为儿童提供运用、表达与交流策略的机会,并积极促进儿童策略意识与水平的发展。 相似文献
5.
Bert van Oers 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2010,74(1):23-37
In the attempt to improve mathematical thinking for safeguarding our future societal needs, there is a worldwide tendency in schools to start training mathematical and arithmetical operations at an earlier age in children’s development. Recent theoretical developments and empirical research have pointed to alternative ways of approaching early mathematical thinking. In these latter approaches, mathematical development in the early developmental stages is seen as an emerging process in the context of children’s own activities that contributes to meaningful learning and stimulation of children’s cultural identity (Bildung approach). The discussion between the training approach versus the ‘Bildung’ approach is still intemperately going on. In this article, some outcomes of a research programme (based at the Free University Amsterdam) are discussed that present empirical studies and their theoretical background (cultural–historical theory, elaborated in an educational concept called ‘Developmental Education’) that demonstrates the promising potentials of promoting mathematical thinking through supporting young children’s appropriation of schematic representations and notations in the context of play. 相似文献
6.
Gilada Avissar 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(1):35-49
ABSTRACT Teachers of young schoolchildren are generally thought to have consistent ideas on developmental and learning problems of their pupils. Therefore, their assessments are also deemed valuable for the early identification of children at risk. However, this can only be the case if these assessments have a high predictive value for learning and behavioural problems in children at a later age. This article reports on a longitudinal research project whereby young children's teachers made assessments on their pupils’ development, which were compared with the later performance of these children in school. The predictive value proved to be insufficient, and the implications of this finding are discussed. 相似文献
7.
A central issue in the design of curricula for all school levels is the development of the learners’ high-order thinking skills and metacognitive skills. Among such required skills is the ability to solve problems. The literature dealing with the development of problem-solving skills is vast and primarily addresses the scientific disciplines, even though the importance of integrating such skills into all disciplines is widely mentioned. The current study aims to compare problem-solving questions used in two seemingly different disciplines: linguistics and computer science. Our premise was that the basis for imparting problem-solving skills is asking problem-solving questions. We analysed problem-solving questions posed in various teaching and learning school scenarios for keywords, and identified nine categories of problem-solving question keywords common to both disciplines. We present those categories and extend our study of two categories to demonstrating the ability to follow the problem-solving process in linguistics is similar to the exact sciences. 相似文献
8.
H. Carl Haywood Anthony L. Brown 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1990,5(2):243-252
Even though behavior management is a very high priority of teachers of young children, systems of behavior management receive less attention than do methods of teaching academic content. Even when there are well developed sytems of behavior management, they do not necessarily reflect the same philosophy and methods of teaching that are used to teach content. The authors report on “cognitive-mediational behavior management”, a system designed to be consistent with a cognitive early education program, the Cognitive Curriculum for Young Children. In both behavior management and all their other teaching, teachers use in this program a mediational teaching style. Teachers emphasize thinking processes rather than correct answers, take a problem-solving approach to learning, help children to acquire generalizable strategies of thinking and problem-solving rather than using trial-and-error learning, are optimistic about children’s abilities to learn, and facilitate children’s acquisition of fundamental thinking modes. This system is seen as basically incompatible with a behaviorist, contingent reinforcement system. Behavior sequences are suggested for working with unacceptable behavior so as to produce both behavior change and cognitive change. 相似文献
9.
批判性思维作为一种重要的思维技能,与问题解决过程有着十分紧密的联系。批判性思维对问题表征、问题空间搜索以及发现新问题都有着举足轻重的作用,而问题解决过程也恰是训练批判性思维的有效途径。为此,应当从多方面创造条件,以实现问题解决与批判性思维的有效结合,并进一步深入研究批判性思维训练与问题解决教学的结合机制与措施。 相似文献
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Research has shown that children as young as three and four can think on many different levels if they are encouraged to do so (Pepler & Ross, 1981; Turner & Durrett, 1975). Educators can promote young children's thinking by asking appropriate questions and by providing learning activities that require children to think beyond the recall or memorization level (What Works, 1986). Asking good questions is an art — an art that can be learned and refined with practice and with conscious effort.Jean M. Shaw and Mary Jo Puckett Cliatt are associate professors in the School of Education at the University of Mississippi in University, MS. 相似文献
12.
长期以来,高校思政课一味强调道德品质的立场素质教育,却忽视了支撑这一教育实施的基础,即理论素养教育的建设。这样的道德品格教育就变成了单纯的“输血”活动,这样是不利于青年学生政治智慧和道德能力主体化的健康发展的。“授人以鱼,不如授人以渔”,高校思政课更应该成为提升学生思维的“造血”过程。它不仅要有“入世”的立场教育,还应更突出“经世”的超越教育。这样的教育就是理论素养教育,它是通过对学生思维智化教育而增强德化效果的过程,它包括问题素养、逻辑素养、方法素养和反思素养四个基本教育维度。 相似文献
13.
Michael P. Jordan 《Instructional Science》1980,9(3):221-252
Linguistic analysis of short published reports leads to the presentation of an aigorithm that depicts the problem-solving process in terms of a series of evaluative questions. The work shows how reports enable us to define in detail the various stages of problem solving, and it shows that an understanding of these various stages enables us to recognise information structures in written texts; the writing of brief reports of high-priority information on which the whole thinking process is based is thus seen as a vital part of the problem-solving process. One report is analysed in detail to demonstrate the close relationship between information structures in the text and the real-life thought'action process it describes. There is discussion of how paragraphs, sentences and signals within the sentences enable the writer to communicate the information in a conceptual array that represents the actual thought/action process it describes. Educational implications for inter-sentential coherence, discourse analysis, and writing structures, and control of research through written reports are all discussed. 相似文献
14.
Laura Kelley 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2018,46(3):313-322
Young children’s self-regulation and problem-solving skills are significant predictors of school success. While early childhood educators shape the development of these skills, providing effective and timely assistance can be challenging. Drawing on complementary theories of Vygotsky, Pekrun, and Lerner, this article chronicles the instructional approaches and strategies employed by one team of teachers to support preschool children’s solutions to complex functional and social problems in the classroom. Findings from this narrative study highlight the focal teachers’ use of modeling, mindful language, and other proactive strategies to develop students’ problem-solving skills and foster independence. In an age of results-focused education, this article argues for the importance of cultivating intentional teacher pedagogies that build young children’s autonomy and efficacy by working through problems, as opposed to seeking resolution only. In so doing, this study elucidates the value of these intuitive and often nuanced aspects of early childhood educators’ classroom practices. 相似文献
15.
本研究依据可逆性思维过程理论(R:APOK模型),针对轻度智力落后儿童编制了实用思维训练教程,并对特殊学校和随班就读的轻度智力落后儿童进行了为期半年(一个学期)的教学实验。结果表明,接受过可逆性思维训练的实验组的智力发展比没有接受过此训练的对照组有更显著的进步。虽然可逆性思维训练还不能将轻度智力落后儿童训练成为智力正常的普通儿童,但它确实能够在一定程度上有效地促进他们认知、智力(思维)发展。因此,教育者不能忽视轻度智力落后儿童认知的最近发展区,而应该通过各种有效的思维训练途径进一步促进他们认知发展。 相似文献
16.
从济南市某幼儿园选取学前儿童260名,本研究采用访谈法和问卷法,考察儿童人际认知问题解决的特点及其与焦虑症状、同伴交往的关系,结果发现:学前儿童预期行为结果的能力显著高于生成替代性问题解决策略和理解行为原因的能力;6岁组儿童生成替代性问题解决策略、预期行为结果和理解行为原因的能力,以及问题解决策略的适当性均显著高于4岁组;男孩预期行为结果的能力显著高于女孩;问题解决策略的数量越多,有效性和适当性越高,社交恐惧发展水平越低;问题解决策略、预期行为结果和理解行为原因三种能力的发展水平越高,越易为同伴接纳. 相似文献
17.
冯素芬 《北京工业职业技术学院学报》2005,4(4):76-80
信息化是当今世界经济和社会发展的大趋势,教师专业发展是教师教育改革的核心,是一个贯穿教师教学生涯的过程.结合自己的工作经验及数学教学的特点,对如何发展自己,包括教育理论、学科知识、信息技术、教育方略有一些思考.对高职数学教学的新模式进行了探讨,针对教学中的一些问题,提出了一些建议. 相似文献
18.
小学数学教学在小学课程的编排体系当中占据了文化课的半壁江山,是教学中的重中之重,因此上小学数学教学当中,培养学生的数学应用能力是一大教学难点。众所周知,小学生因为年龄小,数学思维能力有限,这就需要教师全力以赴培养学生的数学应用能力,全面提高学生的数学素养。首先要增强学生丰富的基础知识,有了丰富的数学知识,才能在生活当中加以应用,提高自身的数学思维逻辑能力,掌握最基本的解决问题的方法技巧,为今后的学习打下扎实的基础。 相似文献
19.
儿童自闭症是广泛性发育障碍的一种亚型,以男性多见,起病于婴幼儿期。自闭症儿童属于特殊儿童,他们在某些方面与正常的儿童相比,处于一定的弱势,对自闭症儿童的关怀和重视,需要建立长效机制。尤其是,针对自闭症儿童的语言康复训练,更应该引起足够的重视和关注。本文以自闭症儿童语言康复训练的思考为题,围绕自闭症儿童的语言特点、康复训练的现状、存在的不足,以及相关的思考等内容展开论述,得出了相应的结论,具有重要的意义。 相似文献
20.
Fostering pupils’ competencies in inventive thinking and problem-solving has remained a rather unresolved issue in traditional schooling, mainly because many people regard creative thinking as a God-given ability, something an individual either possesses or does not possess, but can only be slightly learned or improved. The current study is aimed at evaluating the impact of teaching pupils problem-solving principles based on the ‘idea focusing’ concept, rather than the ‘idea generating’ approach through random search or brainstorming. Data included pre- and post-course quizzes, interviews and observations of class activities. The finding indicated that the participants significantly improved their achievements in suggesting original solutions to problems in comparison to a control group, and successfully utilized the method they had learned in their final project. Some pupils reported that they used the thinking patterns they had procured during the course in other contexts as well, for example, in school or at home. These results suggest that there is benefit in teaching pupils methods for focused thinking in problem-solving; these methods, however, should be regarded as a kind of heuristics that can help guide the thinking process rather than being used as strict algorithms. The important point is to provide pupils with opportunities to develop their own thinking methods and explain their ideas. 相似文献