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1.
Non-invasive and accurate access of biomarkers remains a holy grail of the biomedical community. Human eccrine sweat is a surprisingly biomarker-rich fluid which is gaining increasing attention. This is especially true in applications of continuous bio-monitoring where other biofluids prove more challenging, if not impossible. However, much confusion on the topic exists as the microfluidics of the eccrine sweat gland has never been comprehensively presented and models of biomarker partitioning into sweat are either underdeveloped and/or highly scattered across literature. Reported here are microfluidic models for eccrine sweat generation and flow which are coupled with review of blood-to-sweat biomarker partition pathways, therefore providing insights such as how biomarker concentration changes with sweat flow rate. Additionally, it is shown that both flow rate and biomarker diffusion determine the effective sampling rate of biomarkers at the skin surface (chronological resolution). The discussion covers a broad class of biomarkers including ions (Na+, Cl−, K+, NH4+), small molecules (ethanol, cortisol, urea, and lactate), and even peptides or small proteins (neuropeptides and cytokines). The models are not meant to be exhaustive for all biomarkers, yet collectively serve as a foundational guide for further development of sweat-based diagnostics and for those beginning exploration of new biomarker opportunities in sweat.  相似文献   

2.

Introduction

The aim of this study was to identify clinical variables which may be independently associated with positivity of a cardiac troponin I (cTnI) assay in a large population of patients admitted to the emergency department (ED).

Materials and methods

3166 subjects, with at least two troponin I tests ordered within 6 hours in the ED, were studied. Patient data were statistically analyzed to identify clinical associations with increased values of Troponin I.

Results

Although patients with diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome displayed troponin I values significantly higher than those of other groups, positivity to troponin I (> 40 ng/L) was also observed in patients with other clinical conditions. In multivariate analysis, age, elevated heart rate and electrocardiographyc changes were independently associated with troponin I positivity at admission. In the whole study population troponin I positivity exhibited high sensitivity and negative predictive value, counterbalanced by low specificity and limited positive predictive value.

Conclusions

Troponin I positivity should be combined with history and clinical evaluation and cautiously interpreted in the ED, especially in patients exhibiting factors associated with higher troponin I levels such as older age, elevated heart rate or ECG changes.Key words: troponin I, acute coronary syndrome, emergency service, hospital, chest pain  相似文献   

3.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the radioprotective effect of turmeric extract (40 mg/kg body weight) and vitamin E (α- tocopherol acetate, 400 IU/kg body weight) supplementation on lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and antioxidant defense enzymes in various organs like liver, kidney and salivary glands at 24 h in adult Swiss mice. 131Iodine exposure significantly increased lipid peroxidation in kidney and salivary glands in comparison to control animals. Pre supplementation with turmeric extract for 15 days showed significant lowering of lipid peroxidation in kidney. On the other hand vitamin E pre supplementation showed marked reduction in lipid peroxidation in salivary glands. Reduced glutathione levels decreased significantly in liver after radiation exposure. However, pre supplementation with turmeric extract and vitamin E did not improve glutathione levels in liver. In conclusion, we have observed differential radioprotective effect of turmeric extract and vitamin E in kidney and salivary glands. However, Vitamin E seems to offer better radioprotection for salivary glands which is known to be the major site of cellular destruction after radioiodine therapy in patients.  相似文献   

4.
目的:针对药理学课程存在内容复杂,理论抽象,传统教学模式教学形式单一、枯燥乏味等问题,将微课引入药理学教学过程,激发学生学习兴趣,提高课堂教学效果。方法:将微课融入药理学课程教学设计中,根据教学设计的各个环节,以“毛果芸香碱的药理作用和临床应用”为例进行科学、系统的教学设计,在教学过程中运用微课、临床案例导入等多种教学法。结果:能够有效激发学生学习兴趣,有利于提高药理学的教学效果。结论:微课融入药理学课程教学设计,非常适用于药理学的教学改革。  相似文献   

5.
We report an unusual presentation of primary biliary cirrhosis. We present the case of a 31-year-old Indian woman who presented to the hospital with non specific complaints of gastritis, reduced appetite and marked weight loss and no complaints of pruritus. Serum liver enzymes were elevated. Cytoplasmic pattern of antinuclear antibodies was found on immunofluorescence microscopy accompanied by positive anti smooth muscle antibody. Endoscopy revealed esophageal varices. Following a liver biopsy, the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis was made. It is important to consider the diagnosis of hepatic cirrhosis when patient presents with gastritis, reduced appetite and marked weight loss in both the presence and absence of ascites.  相似文献   

6.
Among various transdermal drug delivery (TDD) approaches, utilizing the microneedles (MNs) not only can penetrate the skin but also deliver the drug with reduced tissue damage, reduced pain, and no bleeding. However, the MNs with larger height are required to overcome the skin barrier for effective TDD. Unlike 2D patterning, etching polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) micropillars for fabrication of 3D microstructures is presented. The PDMS micropillars were first constructed by casting PDMS on the computer numerical control-machined cylindrical microwells, which then went through etching process to obtain the MNs for subsequent fabrication of polymer MNs or high aspect ratio micropillars.  相似文献   

7.
Genitourinary tuberculosis is a disease of the genitourinary system which includes the entire urinary tract and reproductive system. Genital tuberculosis is an important cause of female infertility, especially in developing nations like India. In the present study, a total of 257 clinical specimens comprising of endometrial biopsy (109), endometrial curetting (42), menstrual blood (8), semen (17), placenta (11) and urine (70) were collected from patients and subjected for PCR, Culture and AFB detection. The endometrial biopsy, endometrial curetting, menstrual blood, semen, placenta, urine showed 30.2, 45.2,12.5, 5.8, 27.2, 31.4 %, positivity rate for tuberculosis by PCR, 7.3, 9.5, 25.0, 0, 9, 8.5 % by culture and 1.8, 2.3, 0, 0, 0, 2.8 % respectively by AFB smear. Being a novel, rapid technique, PCR is the method of choice for rapid diagnosis and management of genitourinary tuberculosis shared with the other concerned tests. This study reveals that genital tuberculosis can occur in any age group, however, the majority of patients were from reproductive age (nearly 75 % of them were from 20–45 years of age) group.  相似文献   

8.
华蟾素是我国传统药材中华大蟾酥干皮加工制成的重要制剂,是我国临床应用较为广泛的抗肿瘤药物,对多种肿瘤细胞具有较明显的抗肿瘤作用。原发性肝癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,华蟾素能缓解肝癌的临床症状,提高患者生活质量,具有减毒增效的作用。文章就华蟾素对原发性肝癌的临床应用及药理研究进行综述。  相似文献   

9.
Traditionally small intestinal biopsy has been considered a gold standard for the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD). But now data has shown that serological markers like anti-tissue-transglutaminase antibodies (tTGA) can be used to make the diagnosis with great sensitivity and specificity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether patients with high probability of CD and high titre of tTGA, have a high probability of intestinal damage and may not require biopsy for final diagnosis. All the cases with tTGA levels ≥15 IU/ml and who subsequently underwent biopsy from July 2010 to June 2013 were selected. Histopathological findings graded as per Marsh classification were correlated with serum tTGA levels. Grade 3 lesions were considered diagnostic for the disease. Out of total 731 patients 470 had serum tTGA levels >100 IU/ml and 261 patients had <100 IU/ml. Highest levels of tTGA (219.3 IU/ml) were seen in grade 3c which was >12 times the normal cutoff value. Mean serum tTGA in higher histological grade i.e. 3 (3a, 3b, 3c) was 186.7 IU/ml (>12 times the normal cut off value) as compared to grade 1 which was 108.9 IU/ml (>7 times the normal cut off value). Using a tTGA cutoff value of 70 IU/ml, sensitivity was found to be 83.9% while specificity was 56.10% with an overall accuracy of 77.7%. This study confirms that a small intestinal biopsy is not always necessary for the diagnosis of CD in symptomatic patients with high tTGA levels (>70 IU/ml).  相似文献   

10.

Background:

Overcrowding and prolonged length of stay in emergency departments (ED) are increasing problems in hospitals. Rapid availability of all laboratory results has an impact on clinical decision-making, admissions or discharge decisions and resource utilisation. Increasing number of our urinary drugs of abuse (DOA) screens had a turnaround time (TAT) of up to 33 days after the discharge of the patient.

Materials and methods:

Following an audit and a consultation period with clinicians using the service, a policy change was implemented to reduce the use of gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS): all requests would have a standard immunoassay (IA) test panel undertaken unless specifically they requested GCMS (including medico-legal) analysis.

Results:

Almost all of the clinicians interviewed had no understanding of the DOA screening or the difference in the information generated between a confirmatory GCMS urine toxicology screen and IA DOA panel. It appeared none of the patients surveyed in the audit would have had a different clinical decision made if a GCMS had not been undertaken. Post change audit showed only 4.3% of drug requests for IA also received a confirmatory GCMS testing. The estimated saving post change implementation was $127,000 (AU $) in test costs alone over a two year period. The TAT of GCMS results was reduced to 3–4 days.

Conclusion:

A laboratory-led behavioural change in test requesting is possible and sustainable provided the reason is clinically sound and accompanied by consultation and availability of advice by phone when requested on test requesting or interpretation.  相似文献   

11.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the Bcl2, P53 and apoptosis changes against skin cancer in experimental animals. Skin cancer is the most common form of human cancer. It is estimated that over 1 million new cases occur annually. The annual rates of all forms of skin cancer are increasing each year, representing a growing public concern. It has also been estimated that nearly half of all Americans who live to age 65 are likely to develop skin cancer at least once. Skin cancer was induced in rats by Di Methyl Benz (a) Anthracene at the dosage of DMBA (5 µg) per animal, three times a week for 28 weeks after conformation of skin cancer treated with Paclitaxel and Di allyl sulfide for 30 days. The levels of Bcl2 gene expression were significantly decreased and P53gene expression were markedly increased in Paclitaxel and Di allyl sulfide treated animals when compared with cancer bearing animals. The treatment with combination of Paclitaxel and Di allyl sulfide effectively reduced Bcl2 protein expression and also increased P53gene expression. Moreover, the levels of Bcl2 and P53 a good indicators of restoring the skin architecture, were also reversed in skin damage subjects after treatment with the herbal compounds preparation. So, from the obtained results it is concluded that a combination of Paclitaxel and Di allyl sulfide is capable of restoring the skin architecture and can also increase the apoptosis activities in skin cancer rats.  相似文献   

12.
This paper studies the extended dissipativity (ED) issue for T-S fuzzy systems (TSFSs) via reliable memory control scheme and aperiodic sampled-data (ASD) method. First, considering the random variation of sampling interval and the time delays (TDs) of sampling signal transmission in the communication network, a reliable aperiodic memory sampled-data control (RAMSDC) strategy is proposed. Then, the developed delay-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) with some two-sided looped-functional (TSLF) terms is constructed to fully utilize sampled state information. The introduced free matrices in the TSLF need not to be positive definite, which reduces the conservativeness of the obtained results. Next, a sufficient condition is given to ensure the ED, and the controller gain matrix is obtained by means of linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique. At last, the effectiveness of theoretical results in practical application is verified by the use of a truck-trailer model.  相似文献   

13.
The present study was conducted to evaluate some of the components of antioxidant defense system and oxidative damage in 20 male patients of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The results were compared with 20 healthy male smokers and 20 healthy male non-smokers volunteers. Patients were subjected to detailed clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Blood samples were collected for estimating reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiols (T-SH) malondialdehyde (MDA), transaminases (AST, ALT), glutathione-S-transferease (GST) and gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT). Serum aspartate amino transferase (AST)/alanine amino transferase (ALT) ratio was significantly (p<0.01) reduced in ALD patients as compared to the controls. However, the core of utility of MDA and GST was found to be significantly (p<0.01) increased in ALD patients compared to controls. There was a significant negative correlation of MDA with both GSH and TSH. Plasma GGT levels were significantly (p<0.01) increased in alcoholics and the enzyme showed a significant positive correlation with MDA. These results give enough evidence of increased oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant defense system in patients with ALD.  相似文献   

14.
Cripto-1 (CR-1) is an oncofetal protein with its role as a key factor in early process of carcinoma has been evaluated in cases of various cancers. However, very few studies have reported its role in oral cancer, which is the sixth most common cancer around the world, particularly with high prevalence in developing countries. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most predominant (90%) of all the histological types of oral cancer. Late detection, associated with increased morbidity and mortality, is mainly attributed to non-availability of a suitable biomarker for the disease. In the present pilot study, we have evaluated the role of soluble CR-1, in serum as a potential tumor marker for OSCC. CR-1 was estimated using sandwich ELISA in serum samples of 50 biopsy proven OSCC patients (pre and post treatment) along with age and gender matched healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry was also done in corresponding tumor tissue sections to check the expression of CR-1. Pre-treatment CR-1 was found to be 2.25-fold higher in serum of OSCC patients as compared to control (p < 0.0001***), which was reduced to 1.6 folds post treatment (p = 0.0006***). CR-1 levels were comparatively higher in early stage of disease. Upon IHC 80% of the cases were found to be positive for CR-1. This study provides evidence that serum levels of CR-1 are elevated in patients of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, which decrease post treatment. Also, the association of expression of protein with tumor progression predicts CR-1 as a molecule that can be further evaluated as a potential tumor maker in OSCC.  相似文献   

15.
Hesperetin, a naturally occurring citrus flavanone of the bioactive substance, possesses different pharmacological and biochemical activities including anti-cancer and anti-oxidants effect. The aim of the study to investigate that hesperetin on abnormalities of glycoconjugates (protein bound hexose, hexosamine, total sialic acid and fucose), histology (PAS staining) and immunoexpression of cytokeratin during 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis. Oral tumors were developed in the buccal pouches of male golden Syrian hamsters by topical application of 0.5% DMBA thrice a week for 10 weeks and developed morphological alterations depicted as hyperplasia, dysplasia and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma formation with noticeable abnormalities of glycoconjugates and cytokeratin. The protective effect of hesperetin against DMBA was evaluated by assessing immunohistochemical expression, histological sections of buccal tissues and the levels of glycoconjugates in the buccal mucosa and plasma were analyzed. Hesperetin administrated orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. to hamsters treated with DMBA, significantly reduced the status of glycoconjugates and cytokeratin to the near normal range. Overall findings accomplished that hesperetin protects cell surface glycoconjugates abnormalities in DMBA induced HBP carcinogenesis.  相似文献   

16.
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory, proliferative skin disease characterized by pathological skin lesions due to various exogenous and endogenous factors. It is associated with a number of biochemical and immunological disturbances. Recently, it has been suggested that increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and compromised function of antioxidant system may be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. In the present study, 90 psoriasis patients were selected. Disease severity was assessed by psoriasis area severity index score and grouped as mild, moderate and severe (each group consists of 30 subjects) and compared with 30 healthy controls. Serum levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide end products and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as erythrocyte-superoxide dismutase, catalase and total antioxidant status were investigated in these groups/subjects. As compared to controls, we found severitywise significantly increased serum malondialdehyde, nitric oxide end products with decrease in erythrocyte-superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity and total antioxidant status in patients with psoriasis suggesting worsening of the disease. It seems to be linked with the enhancement of Reactive Oxygen Species production and decreased antioxidant potential in psoriasis.  相似文献   

17.
In recent years, distributed algorithms have been increasingly used to solve the economic dispatch (ED) problem of multi-energy systems (MES) due to the advantages of high flexibility, strong robustness, and privacy. However, the MES based on the distributed optimization architecture must bear higher cyber-attack risks, so as to maintain the safe and stable operation of MES. To address this issue, an event-triggered fully distributed algorithm is proposed to solve the ED problem, which can effectively mitigate the communication burden. On this basis, an attack resilient strategy against false data injection (FDI) attacks is implemented in the proposed fully distributed algorithm, which can eliminate incorrect measurement of incremental cost and power generation data caused by cyber-attacks. In addition, a reputation value protocol embedded in the proposed attack resilient strategy is designed to effectively reduce the potential of direct isolation of the node. Finally, case studies are given in this paper to validate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed control scheme on a 9-bus MES.  相似文献   

18.
急性白血病的特殊临床表现及误诊分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
董勤 《科技通报》1997,13(3):197-199
报告了以髓外浸润为特殊临床表现的小儿急性白血病１３例，首发症状为：骨关节、肌肉肿痛，骨折，脊柱畸形，眼球突出，黄疸，腮腺肿大．分析了引起误诊的主要原因及如何减少及避免误诊的体会，强调了早期诊断对改善小儿急性白血病预后的重要性  相似文献   

19.
Progress in diagnosis of infertility, has been dramatically increased during the past decades with changes occurring in virtually all aspects of infertility research, thus providing innovative diagnostic testing and sophisticated instrumentation for improved management and treatment of infertility. There are about 50% of infertile couples who are suffering because of male infertility. Semen examination is a basic investigation for these infertile couples. It not only reveals the quantity and quality of sperm but also the quality of the seminal plasma, which is essential for normal sperm function. In this review, the recent advancement in investigation procedures has been analyzed which are very important in clinical practice to (a) evaluate the sperm fertilizing ability (Acrosin, aniline blue, HOS), (b) characterization of male accessory sex glands secretions (Fructose, alpha-glucosidase, PSA) and (c) the management of azoospermic patients. It is believed that use of such diagnostic procedures will facilitate wide selection of patients for whom an effective therapy might be then possible.  相似文献   

20.
《中国专利与商标》2007年第3期发表的“专利权利要求中功能性特征的解释原则探析”（以下称“探析”）一文围绕名称为“除臭吸汗鞋垫”的实用新型专利侵权纠纷案,讨论了功能性限定技术特征的两种不同的解释原则。其一是同时发表的北京高级人民法院知识产权庭就该案这一问题给出的解释,即“该功能性限定特征的解释应当受专利说明书中记载的实现该功能的具体方式的限制,  相似文献   

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