共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Maria Adamuti-Trache 《Journal of Education & Work》2016,29(2):143-166
This paper examines the occupational attainment of highly educated adult immigrants by employing a secondary analysis of three waves of the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada that provide data on immigrant arrivals in 2000–2001. Occupational attainment is described in terms of matching immigrants’ pre-migration occupation with the main occupation reported 4?years since arrival. An occupational match typology based on skill level and skill type is developed and examined in the study in relation to socio-demographic factors, human capital characteristics, cultural factors and dispositional and situational factors. The primary focus is on the relationship between occupational matching and choice of post-secondary education (PSE) (including non-participation) pathways in Canada. Study findings show that occupational match rates are relatively low. However, notable differences are obtained for highly educated immigrants choosing to take further education in Canada, particularly at university level, which supports the argument that investment in host country PSE is a strategy to improve employment and occupational outcomes. 相似文献
2.
《Economics of Education Review》1987,6(2):81-89
This study incorporates occupational choice into a model of wage determination in wage and self-employed activities. The self-selection model emphasizes managerial ability and capital market imperfections in determining whether an individual chooses between wage and self-employment. Using Heckman's correction for sample selection bias, the results show no bias in the OLS estimates but find that the two groups have different earnings structure. The results for employees confirm the robustness of the human capital model but the model explains only a small fraction of the variation of self-employed earnings. 相似文献
3.
Perceived earnings functions and ex ante rates of return to post compulsory education in England 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
This article offers a direct empirical test of one of the main tenets of the human capital model. It shows that by the end of their compulsory education English pupils in general are aware of the relationship between educational qualifications and average earnings. For the first time in Britain direct calculations are made of ex ante perceived rates of return to upper secondary and higher education. The perceived rates correspond closely to the actual rates estimated by earlier studies. The article also provides useful evidence of differences between social classes and ability groups. In particular it shows that the human capital model offers a much less satisfactory explanation of the behaviour of low ability and working class pupils than it does of high ability and middle class pupils.A sample of just under 3,000 16-years-old students in England were tested on their reasoning ability and asked about their family backgrounds, self concepts, educational intentions and anticipated earning capacity at various stages of their working lives.The research project on which the results in this article are based is funded by the Social Science Research Council. 相似文献
4.
随着知识经济时代的来临,人力资本管理已经成为组织发展和成功的关键所在。因此,加强对人力资本管理的理论和实践研究非常重要。但目前人力资本管理研究一直存在着概念和内容界定不清以及研究层面混淆的问题。文章首先对西方人力资本管理、人力资本规划和测量的概念进行了梳理,在此基础上对人力资本管理与企业绩效关系研究的现状进行了分析,从而提出了未来的研究方向以及对管理实践的几点启示。 相似文献
5.
This study explores the inter-generational effects of health shocks using longitudinal data of Young Lives project conducted in the southern state of India, Andhra Pradesh for two cohorts of children (younger and older). It is found that health shocks to poorer parents reduce investments in human capital of children thereby reducing their future earnings, and perpetuating poverty and inequality. There is a temporary delay in primary school enrollment in the case of younger cohort, while schooling attainment is reduced by 0.26 years for older children. This paper further contributes to the literature on important dimensions like role of timing of the shocks and the pathways through which they affect human capital investment, differential effects of paternal and maternal shocks on different cohort groups, ability of the children and quality of schooling in schooling attainment. 相似文献
6.
The problem of education‐based discrimination 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stuart Tannock 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2008,29(5):439-449
While the research, theory and policy literature on race, class and gender discrimination in education is extensive, the problem of education‐based discrimination itself has been widely overlooked. Indeed, the dominant ideologies of meritocracy and human capital (into which we are inculcated throughout our lives by schools, media and the state) proclaim that higher levels of education are and should be linked with greater reward. In a world where education is regularly invoked to legitimate inequality, it can appear nonsensical even to raise concern about education‐based discrimination as a matter of social injustice. We need, however, to challenge those who have taught us not to see what has essentially become an elephant in our living room. Otherwise, we will find ourselves unable ever to use our public systems of education for universal emancipation and empowerment. 相似文献
7.
阅读理解能力测验中所选择的文章在内容方面对不同专业背景的考生亚团体是否具有公平性的问题,是测验效度高低的重要证据,也是测验效度验证（validation）的重要环节。本研究以中国语言与文学专业考生为目标组,分别将经济学专业和生物医学专业考生作为参照组,采用效标测量和蕴涵量表分析相结合的方法,对HSK（高等）阅读理解测验的文章难度对三个不同专业背景的考生组的公平性问题进行了检验。研究结果表明,两个参照组考生尽管具有各自的相对专业优势,但他们在六篇阅读材料上获得的难度排列顺序与目标组考生完全一致;虽然目标组考生不具备汉语知识以外的其他专业优势,但因为HSK考试所选择的阅读材料没有涉及语言知识本身以外的特殊专业要求,因而测验对三个不同专业背景的考生具有较高的公平性。 相似文献
8.
教育--人力资本投资新领域 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
教育是一种生产性活动,它能增长一个人的能力,包括技能、技术、文化水平、企业精神、管理能力等.教育的结果能使生产增值,使社会经济迅速发展.教育是人力资本形成的最佳途径,教育体制改革是人力资本适应时代发展要求的保障.教育要面向人的全面协调发展,最大限度地开发人的潜在能力,教育领域必将成为人力资本投资的最新领域. 相似文献
9.
Dr. habil. Kai Maaz Univ.-Prof. Dr. Ulrich Trautwein Dipl.-Soz. Wiss. Cornelia Gresch Univ.-Prof. Dr. Oliver Lüdtke Univ.-Prof. Dr. Rainer Watermann 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2009,12(2):281-301
Indicators of social background belong to the standard set of instruments for empirical research in education. Construction of valid ranking scales and category systems for social background depends on a differentiated surveying of the occupation and vocational activity of parents. Coding such details using standard procedures is a complex process. This contribution investigates the intercoder-reliability of occupational codes according to ISCO-88 and the indicators for socio-economic status (ISEI) based on these codes using a random sample of 300 graduates surveyed on the occupation of their father and mother. To this aim, we compared a double-coding by professional coders and a double-coding by the research team. The results show a match of around 50 percent between the two coding groups. The validity of the index of socio-economic status based on the data was, however, very good. The correlation between ISEI-values based on the coding from the different coders was very high. The predication of family background did not vary between the coding of the different coding groups. 相似文献
10.
关于人力资本参与企业赢余分配的探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
吴华 《金华职业技术学院学报》2004,4(3):65-68
本文从人力资源会计的新模式——劳动者权益会计出发,着重探讨企业盈余分配问题,提出人才工资性所得不是收益的分配,仅是对消耗的人力劳动的价值补偿的观点。由此在人才薪酬构成上,必须打破单一的工资形式,引入人力资本参与分配。承认人才人力资本产权的存在,并允许以其人力资本参与公司收益分配,这也是留住人才和解决人才激励不足的关键。在探讨了人力资源会计权益分配的理论依据之后,本文就人力资本参与企业盈余分配的计量模式及其构成进行了进一步的探讨。 相似文献
11.
从加拿大2001年的人口普查中抽取3％的样本数据,分析了原住民和非原住加拿大人之间工资和薪金的差异,发现注册印第安人、梅蒂斯人与非原住民的年收入和周薪在跨组和组内都有显著差异。这种差异在很大程度上是由于人口、人力资本、职业以及这三种人口的区域差异。 相似文献
12.
江西作为引资的新兴省份,有必要发挥后发优势,更好地利用技术外溢,加快自主创新能力的培育.学者的实证研究表明外商直接投资对我省企业自主创新能力的影响力不显著,也就是说FDI在江西的技术外溢效应不显著.所以,我们有必要从系统的角度建立利用外资提升自主创新能力的总体机制,本文从建立外资进入的事前评价机制、打造江西特色创新创业文化、财税政策上鼓励企业自主创新、完善创业风险投资运作等四方面展开. 相似文献
13.
我国体育产业资本市场的制度缺陷与制度创新 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,对我国体育产业资本市场的制度缺陷与制度创新进行了研究,结果表明:我国体育产业资本市场在规范中发展、在发展中规范,然而问题也大量暴露出来。体育产品市场无序竞争,要素市场无序流动,行政力量"越位"与"错位",法制落后,是造成体育产业资本市场种种问题的直接因素,而根源则在于产权混乱、诚信传统缺失和所有制的歧视。要解决这些问题,实现体育产业经济的持续、健康和快速发展,必须进行新一轮的制度创新,包括体育产业产权制度创新、资本市场运行机制创新、资本市场监管制度创新以及资本市场的结构功能创新。 相似文献
14.
Guofang Li 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2007,28(3):285-299
Framed within Coleman’s theory of family capital, this article examines how different home variables such as family physical, human and social capital affect immigrant children’s second‐language acquisition in the homes of four Chinese immigrant families in Canada. Specifically, the study analyzes the relationships between family physical capital and family investment in second language learning, between parental human capital and levels of parental involvement, and between family social capital and access to familial and community resources. The analysis demonstrates that parental educational backgrounds, their occupational choices and chances, and their adaptation and integration into Canadian society had a significant impact on the families’ accumulation and activation of family capital to support their children’s second‐language learning. 相似文献
15.
Human capital development is one of the emerging areas of study with regard to social science theory, practice, and research. Arelatively new concept, human capital is described in terms of individual knowledge skills and experience. It is currently expressed as a function of education as well as a measure of economic activity. Little theory exists to establish models of individual or group human capital. By drawing upon existing physical science constructs such as embodied energy, this article applies a framework for articulating an approach to human capital development and interaction. Our proposition is that human capital consists of active and passive capacity, which parallels the theoretic dimensions of potential and kinetic energy. Aconceptual binary phase diagram of a human capital system is presented along with examples for applying the model to practice. Utilizing an economic model of resource flows; a model of embodied human capital is developed as a vehicle for sustainable human capital theory. 相似文献
16.
缪文卿 《河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2001,24(2):31-34
解决国有企业经理激励问题的根本之举，乃是构建国有企业经理内生激励机制，即让国有企业经理获得与其人力资本产权相称的企业剩余索取权和控制权收益，以此来激励他们努力工作。 相似文献
17.
Branimir Šverko Nataša Akik Toni Babarović Ana Bčina Iva Šverko 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2002,2(3):193-215
The paper provides data on the evaluation of an Internet-based system for self-directed career planning that has been developed
in Croatia. Rich in occupational information and career-management advice, this application also contains an interactive questionnaire
tapping the client's personal skills and interests. Based on the client's answers, the computer proposes an e-advice– a limited
set of occupations that match the users' individual characteristics. The evaluation utilized data gathered from a self-selected
sample of users (N = 2,064) and two smaller student samples. Apart from the users' satisfaction, the analyses explored various aspects of e-advice
validity: factor structure of users' self-assessments and expert occupational ratings, differences in e-advice given to different
groups of users, congruence with the classifications based on Holland's Self-Directed Search, and congruence with the advice
given by expert human counsellors. The analyses supported the validity of e-advice.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
Frankie Santos Laanan David E. Hardy Stephen G. Katsinas 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(10):855-869
The 21st century community college is an institution that espouses the values of open-access and high quality education. The literature is filled with research that documents the extent to which these institutions contribute to society and to human capital development. The purpose of this article is three-fold: First, to apply a human capital framework to the community college context; second, to describe efforts by several states to document and assess their community colleges' contributions to human capital development; and third, to raise research and policy issues related to improving assessment of that role. The article concludes by addressing future research and policy implications. 相似文献
19.
王蓉 《北京大学教育评论》2009,7(3):84-98
在过去五十余年中,教育经济学研究对于公共教育问题讨论之话语权为尊奉功能主义传统的理论流派所主导,特别是人力资本理论。本文延伸了既有的理论,并提出了一个新的分析框架,即新人力资本理论。该理论的核心是,人力资本可按照两个维度进行分类。第一个维度是人力资本的生产性属性。与生产性人力资本相对应的是分配性人力资本。第二个维度是人力资本的私人物品属性。按照这一维度,人力资本可以分为两类,第一类是私人物品化的人力资本,第二类是集体物品化的人力资本。传统的人力资本概念仅局限于生产性的、私人物品化的人力资本。但历史与现实中大量的、甚至占主导地位的教育乃是以集体物品化的人力资本或是分配性人力资本的传输为核心的。在此基础上,本研究对于国家与公共教育复杂的关系提出了一个整合性的分析框架。 相似文献
20.
本文从社会资本理论的视角,以香港高中生作为实证研究对象,将学生家庭的社会资本区分为学生个人和父母两个独立的分析单位,探讨学生如何运用其个人及父母的社会资本创造人力资本。研究发现香港高中生的公开考试成绩和其个人的社会资本是影响其升学、择校和择业的显著影响因素,高中生的家庭背景变量对这三类选择行为的影响则不显著。 相似文献