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1.
Edith Mukudi Omwami Edmond J. Keller 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2010,38(3):5-31
Budgetary capacity that would allow for the public funding of the provision of universal access to primary education is lacking
in many sub-Saharan economies. National revenues significantly lag behind the overall economic productivity measure of GDP.
Analysis of data derived from UNESCO and UNDP for 2004 shows that governments in the region spend far less in US dollars per
unit cost on primary education than do developed countries. Increasing the unit cost of education in order to enable a government
to guarantee universal primary education would take away resources from other tiers of the education system in many countries
in the region. The alternative is to universalise access, despite existing budget allocation constraints, and thereby further
compound the problems of poor infrastructure and limited human resource capacity that continue to compromise education quality
in sub-Saharan Africa. 相似文献
2.
Helmut de Rudder 《Higher Education in Europe》1999,24(4):567-581
After the Second World War, the widening of access to higher education became a central issue of higher education policy in all developed countries. Over recent decades, most of them have experienced an unprecedented expansion of higher education access, which is a matter of creating equal educational opportunities and also of assuring economic growth. This article analyzes the development of access to higher education in Germany in the transnational context of the issue and, at the same time, considers the specific German situation and its development. After more than thirty years of expansion, widening access even further is no longer the problem. Questions of quality, efficiency, and funding have come to the fore of German higher education policy. 相似文献
3.
Social justice and school improvement: improving the quality of schooling in the poorest neighbourhoods 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《British Educational Research Journal》2005,31(5):589-604
Social justice in education demands, at the very least, that all students should have access to the same quality of educational processes, even if their outcomes turn out to be unequal. Yet schools in the poorest neighbourhoods are consistently adjudged to provide a lower quality of education than those in more advantaged areas. Based on a qualitative study of four such schools, this article explores links between the contexts in which they were operating and the quality of education provided. It concludes that high‐poverty contexts exert downward pressures on quality, and that consistently high levels of quality in schools in the poorest neighbourhoods need to be assured by policy measures that alter their context or, through greater funding, improve their organisational capacity to respond. Social justice will not be achieved by managerialist policies that seek to improve schools by addressing the performance of managers and staff, without a recognition of the context in which this performance takes place. 相似文献
4.
5.
Jeanette Kuder 《Globalisation, Societies & Education》2005,3(2):165-181
In 2002, Tanzania renewed its 1974 commitment to universal primary education. This paper explores differences in the current policy‐formulation context, examining how development discourse and aid practice have shifted the space and scale of public governance in Tanzania, legitimising international agendas and the participation of non‐Tanzanians in the domestic policy process. The analysis suggests that the influence of a highly co‐ordinated transnational aid community and the package of aid mechanisms that are being deployed with considerable effect in Tanzania are likely to replicate a situation in which access has been prioritised once more at the expense of improving the quality of primary education. 相似文献
6.
We estimate the impact of increases in Federal student aid and higher education funding, such as the recently proposed American Graduation Initiative (AGI), on the outcomes of community colleges, including enrollments, list and average tuitions, and educational quality. We develop a reduced form model of state-level education policy in which state policy makers, who have objectives that differ from those of Federal policy makers, respond to changes in Federal policies. Our empirical specification treats state and institutional variables as endogenous; we interpret the coefficients as measuring the responses of state and institution officials to changes in Federal policies. We simulate the effects of AGI and find little evidence that states recapture Federal education resources. AGI would have a significant effect on educational quality but a limited effect on enrollments. An equivalent increase in Federal student aid would have greater impact on access and enrollments, but decrease educational quality. 相似文献
7.
论我国的教育与宗教相分离 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
教育与宗教相分离是我国的一项基本政策。切实排除国民教育领域内的宗教影响 ,对于全面贯彻教育方针、实现社会主义的培养目标具有重要的意义。教育与宗教相分离有其基本含义和实施依据 ,学校教育在贯彻教育与宗教相分离这一原则时 ,也有基本要求 相似文献
8.
由城乡分割走向城乡教育一体化是教育现代化的时代特征,城乡教育一体化现代化是教育现代化目标模式的战略选择。要坚持城乡教育一体化现代化的基本标准,实现城乡教育发展水平、城乡学校布局和教育教学体系、终身教育、教师队伍、教育发展环境、教育技术、教育管理等方面的现代化。推进城乡教育一体化现代化建设的政策措施包括:推进教育思想和办学理念的变革;落实各级政府统筹城乡教育的责任,建立城乡一体化的教育经费保障体系;加强城乡一体化教师队伍建设;建立与城乡教育一体化现代化相适应的教育政策法制体系;建立城乡教育一体化现代化试验区;构建城乡教育一体化现代化理论体系;建立完善促进城乡教育一体化现代化的督导评估机制。 相似文献
9.
Even though most children in Bangladesh are enrolled in school, the country faces enormous challenges in ensuring that children
complete primary education, and learn an acceptable amount. Multiple providers—state, quasi-state, and non-state—have helped
to raise the initial enrolment rate and improve the gender balance. The critical question is how the multiplicity and diversity
of provision can contribute to achieving truly universal primary education with high completion rates and acceptable levels
of learning. A range of sub-questions relate to this critical question, including what is meant by multiple provision and
how a diversity of provisions can be shaped into a system that serves the goal of effective and equitable access. This article
addresses the above questions in the context of the history and educational development in Bangladesh. They are particularly
significant at present, as the government is about to implement a new national education policy and design a five-year national
development plan (2011–2015), which would have a decisive impact on progress towards achieving the EFA goal of universal primary
education by 2015. 相似文献
10.
思考现代远程教育考试的价值,就是在终身教育的语境下分析现代远程教育考试机制的构建对学习者、对远程教育自身和对社会的功效问题。现代远程教育以其开放性、交互性和普适性引发了教育的彻底变革,但其考试机制却依然是借助现代教育技术的传统复制。由此,削弱了远程教育考试的功能,阻碍了教与学模式的变革,引发了对远程教育质量的非议。任何一种考试机制的构建,都是以其蕴含的内在价值为依据的。远程教育考试价值的定位,是发挥远程教育考试功能,构建远程教育考试机制,进而保障远程教育质量的前提和基础。 相似文献
11.
《Distance Education》2012,33(2):271-278
This reflection outlines the problems associated with the Australian Government’s recurrent funding policy for non-government distance education. It demonstrates the policy’s inconsistencies with stated government educational policy and with commonly held expectations of fairness in a democratic society. A comparison of the current funding of non-government distance education to various long-standing educational delivery modes demonstrates that non-government distance education is yet to be appropriately funded by the Commonwealth. The discussion concludes by indicating that this emerging pedagogy is distinct from traditional schooling, that its students ought to be given the same educational opportunities as other Australian school students, and that the current policy ought to be redressed expeditiously. 相似文献
12.
China is now facing significant challenges in funding its rapidly expanding higher education systems, though it has experienced
enormous economic growth in recent years. Equity has become a serious concern in Chinese higher education system. This article
tries to identify the causes and implications of under-representation of the rural-poor students in China’s higher educational
institutions: academic and social preparedness, institutional funding arrangements, the admissions policy, and the socioeconomic
background are significant factors that determine an individual’s opportunity to access to higher education. Also, a brief
discussion of possible policy recommendations is presented. 相似文献
13.
既有研究表明,家庭背景是影响教育机会获得的重要影响因素.在就近入学政策的背景下,户籍所在地与实际居住地成为就近入学的依据,或会使得住房位置及其价格成为优质教育机会获得乃至教育分层的重要影响因素.但到目前为止,既有研究对优质教育资源获得过程中的“以房择校”机制揭示得并不充分.针对此,利用江苏省2016年基础教育学业质量监测数据,以是否获得优质小学入学机会为因变量,以样本学生的家庭背景和居住地住宅均价为自变量,构建二元logistic模型对南京市四个主城区11704个学生样本进行回归分析.结果表明:就近入学政策背景下,家庭背景对优质教育机会的获得仍具有显著的影响;居住地在学生优质教育机会获得的过程中发挥了中介作用,即家庭背景优势可通过选择居住地位置的方式来影响优质教育机会的获得.因此,增加优质教育资源供给,阻断房价和优质教育资源获取之间的联系,成为新时期推进教育公平的关键环节. 相似文献
14.
追求教育公平是基础教育发展的政策目标之一,财政政策是教育公平发展的核心政策。美国教育财政政策调整与变革中投射出理念与实践的创新,其早期教育财政诉讼强调平等,要么提高贫穷地区的教育经费,要么降低富裕地区的教育经费,或者二者兼施,随后诉讼逐步出现从公平到充足的转向,实践中,主要采用统计分析、经验观察、专业评估等模式,制定教育充足财政政策。充足财政政策是由教育结果引导的政策,基于教育标准对政策效果进行评价,同时也是教育公平发展新形势下的财政政策创新。 相似文献
15.
The intent of this study is to understand both direct and indirect resource effects in the context of a mass education system in Uganda. We find that under certain conditions, policies that promote physical resource availability can lead to substantial equity gains. A school's social composition appears to improve educational quality but it is also related to wider gaps between rich and poor students. We also show that heavier teaching workloads have the most damaging effect on low-income students who have fewer private resources to devote to academic pursuits. The policy implication is that equalising access to formal primary education does not guarantee equitable outcomes. 相似文献
16.
Daniel N. Sifuna 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2007,53(5-6):687-699
This article shows how interventions to provide Universal Primary Education (UPE) from the 1970s into the twenty-first century affected efforts to improve the quality of primary education in Kenya and Tanzania. While the interventions have made significant differences in the lives of many communities by increasing access to education of children who would have been denied schooling, quality indicators (including attrition and completion rates and examination scores) have stagnated at best or declined. Efforts to ensure and maintain quality in primary education in the two countries are reported to face serious challenges, including mainly inadequate funding to ensure the provision of essential teaching and learning materials, appropriate infrastructure as well as a sufficient number of competent teachers. 相似文献
17.
Tahar Abdessalem 《Prospects》2011,41(1):135-155
Like other developing countries, Tunisia has allocated increasing levels of resources to education, particularly higher education,
over the past few decades, mainly through public funding. From 2005 to 2008, public expenditure on education amounted to around
7.4% of GDP, with 2% allocated to higher education. Recently, however, budgetary constraints have increased, student enrollment
is increasing rapidly, and the country needs to improve its higher education so that graduates are more employable. In this
context, to enhance access and equity, public policy is required to define orientations and programmes to improve quality
and efficiency while reducing costs. This article first assesses public expenditure on higher education in Tunisia, with respect
to its adequacy, efficiency, and equity, and then explores the challenges posed to financing by demographic changes, the need
for higher quality of education, and private provision. It also examines some strategies for reinforcing financing, and analyzes
measures to increase private funding. 相似文献
18.
Bob Lingard 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2001,28(3):1-46
This paper is a reflection on the current policy moment in educational research in Australia in the context of globalisation. Set against a consideration of the emergent structure of feeling, the paper draws on three case studies of research to draw out some lessons for educational researchers and the research community. The argument is put that the dangerous ‘we’ of AARE needs to support increased funding for education and for educational research and, for the latter, to support a range of funding sources, types of research, methodologies and dissemination approaches. Increasingly there are pressures upon such eclecticism because of governmental attempts to ‘instrumentalise’ relationships between educational research and practitioner needs as perceived by governments. While such research is necessary, there is also a need within a democratic polity for research framed by agendas set by researchers that critiques government-directed developments. The paper argues there is a complex relationship amongst researchers and educational policy and pedagogical practitioners and as such the concept of ‘impact’ as applied to educational research requires substantial theorising. Contemporary research policy has tended to inhibit the dissemination of academic research to educational practitioners, while educational policy has tended, inappropriately in the argument of the paper, to construct teachers as the mere recipients of policy and research done elsewhere. 相似文献
19.
《Critical Studies in Education》2013,54(2):143-156
The paper aims to explore the relationship between globalization and education through an investigation of educational policy development in the specific context of the Asia Pacific. The paper's primary focus is on data collected from the World Bank, OECD, IMF and UNESCO to look primarily at three interrelated trends in education: increasing enrollments at all educational levels, issues of gender equality, and changes in public expenditure. In the paper, we argue that developments in education are increasingly impacted by a particular conception of globalization, which is illustrated in the overarching pressure of efficiency on educational aims. Although both efficiency and equality aims of education are present in recent policy developments in the Asia Pacific, the importance attached to education's capabilities of advancing human capital development have brought about a fundamental tension between two purposes of education: one relating to efficiency and one underlying education's potential to advance goals of access and equality. 相似文献
20.
Lakshman Punchi 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2001,47(3-4):361-378
This paper relates the contemporary educational reforms in Sri Lanka to the processes of globalisation. The international monetary organisations such as the IMF and the World Bank and the regional organisations like the Asian Development Bank (ADB) play a dominant role in influencing the debt-receiving countries when it comes to their educational practice. The intensity of the influence of these organisations can vary depending on the existing educational policy of the aid receiving countries. This paper, after a brief introduction on globalisation, examines its effects on the education policy in Sri Lanka with a special emphasis on the current language policy. Equity in education is usually advocated at primary level based on the universal primary education concept so highly upheld by the World Bank. However, the present high human development indicators are undoubtedly due to Sri Lanka's free education policy in native languages. The paper concludes stressing the importance to retain the national education policy as a means of empowerment and liberation of its masses and creating stronger ethnic harmony. 相似文献