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母语对二语习得的影响一直是语言学界一个颇有争议的问题,其中一个核心的方面就是母语迁移。“语言迁移”这一概念是美国语言学家Lado在20世纪50年代首先提出来的。Lado认为,在第二语言习得中,学习者广泛依赖已经掌握的母语,经常将母语的语言形式、意义以及与母语相联系的文化迁移到第二语言习得中去,这种现象被称为“语言迁移”。语言迁移性是指人们在学习掌握了母语系统后所获得的经验对学习英语的影响,如果这种影响对学习者在学习英语时起到有益的促进作用,我们就称之为正迁移,即母语与目的语的相同之处会促进第二语言学习,加速通过中介语中某些发展序列。 相似文献
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在第二语言习得过程中,母语不仅能促进第二语言学习,还会对第二语言学习带来干扰,这种现象就是所谓的语言迁移。语言迁移是第二语言学习中的核心问题,语言迁移分正迁移(Positive Transfer)和负迁移(Negative Transfer)。基于此,对母语是否应该运用到第二语言教学中,以及何时恰当使用母语,怎样避开母语在二语教学中的负迁移等问题进行探究,同时得出母语在第二语言教学中的作用及启示。 相似文献
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叶慧娟 《湖北广播电视大学学报》2009,29(10):149-150
基于汉英两种语言的巨大差异,初中英语学习者在第二语言习得的过程中必然会受到母语的负面迁移。但是教学实践表明,教师在教学过程中帮助二语学习者积极建构第二语言的社会文化图式,可以使二语学习者有效减少母语造成的负面迁移。 相似文献
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《佳木斯教育学院学报》2019,(2)
在学习第二语言时,母语思维会对学生的学习产生一定的作用。这就是在语言领域出现的"母语迁移"现象。本文从语言的语音,形态,语义和句法等方面对中外语言的差异进行了分析,并对第二语言习得中母语迁移现象进行了多角度研究。 相似文献
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王金海 《牡丹江教育学院学报》2014,(9):30-31
随着社会的需要,我们在学好自己的母语之外还要学习第二语言。而在第二语言习得中会受到很多因素的影响,其中母语的迁移是最重要的一部分。通常情况下,在二语习得中我们都会认为母语只会产生负作用,也就是说母语在二语习得中产生的是负迁移。但是人们往往会忽略母语在产生负迁移的同时,其实还会产生正迁移。本文将重点讨论母语在二语习得中的正迁移作用,同时根据汉语与英语这两种语言之间的共性,来探讨母语在二语习得中的作用。 相似文献
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论在英语教学中的母语迁移现象 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
范建华 《河南广播电视大学学报》2002,15(2):46-48
英语学习过程中母语会对目的语（target language)英语生产干扰。章通过对汉英两种语言的比较，阐述了迁移的概念，分析了产生迁移的几种现象，同时，分析了各种教学法对母语的态度，认为将第二语言学习中的错误主要或全部归因于母语这一观点是不太正确的。人的知识是一个有系统的整体，学习原有的知识必然成为新学知识的参照系。 相似文献
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语言迁移是二语习得中的一种普遍现象。在学习者学习外语时,他们就会不自觉地将母语的一些习惯迁移到他们所学的外语中去,而后,迁移就发生了。迁移分两种:正迁移和负迁移。本文从迁移的定义以及母语在第二语言学习中的影响两方面进行阐述。 相似文献
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语言迁移一直是二语习得研究的重点,但在以前的研究中学者们将注意力放在研究母语对第二语言的影响上,关注第二语言对母语影响的却不多。实际上,二语习得过程中学习者的母语不可避免地要受到第二语言的影响,第二语言中的某些语言形式会向母语迁移。文章运用结构主义语言学的标记理论(Markedness Theory),通过问卷调查发现中国学生经过多年的英语学习,其头脑中原有的汉语IP外名词性结构知识受到了英语"主语突显"结构的影响,证明第二语言习得过程中,语言的迁移具有双向性的特点。 相似文献
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简论成人的年龄与第二语言的学习 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
申丽霞 《陕西师范大学继续教育学报》2001,18(1):28-30
一些语言学家根据语言关键期假设理论而提出了年龄越小学习第二语言越好及年龄越大越难以使第二语言达到母语水平的主张。然而，大量调查结果和实验报告表明，年龄在第二语言学习的过程中所起的作用并不十分明显，因此，本文认为，成年人如果能树立自信，克服心理障碍，同样能学好第二语言，即使没有自然语言环境。 相似文献
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Paz Suárez-Coalla Nerea Villanueva Soledad González-Pumariega María González-Nosti 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2016,39(2):275-311
In addition to reading difficulties, a significant proportion of developmental dyslexics have spelling problems, which persist into adulthood. Studies carried out in languages with opaque orthographies have found that dyslexics frequently make phonological substitutions when spelling and have difficulties in developing orthographic representations of irregular words. Those errors seem to derive from an excessive use of phonological codes when writing. Minimal research in Spanish (relatively transparent orthography) about the relationship between dyslexia and spelling difficulties has been carried out to date. In this study, 19 Spanish-speaking developmental dyslexics (from 7 to 11 years old) and 28 controls (from 6 to 11 years old, distributed in two groups, one matched for age and the other for reading level with the dyslexics) performed a dictation task of 80 stimuli with different levels of orthographic consistency, in order to discover the codes they use in the writing process. Results showed that Spanish children with dyslexia made significantly more spelling errors, especially among the ruled and irregular words. These findings are consistent with the idea that these children have difficulties in developing orthographic representations and use phonological codes more frequently than non-dyslexics, resulting in phonologically plausible errors when writing irregular words. These results have important implications for the treatment of spelling difficulties in children with dyslexia, highlighting the need to focus on the correct acquisition of grapheme-phoneme conversion rules as well as the development of appropriate orthographic representations. 相似文献
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To examine phonological core deficits and variable orthographic competence, Dutch poor readers were investigated as they began instruction in reading in English (at about 14 years of age). A subgroup of poor readers with good orthographic competence in English (Poor/Good) and a subgroup with poor orthographic competence in English (Poor/Poor) were identified. Verbal and reading tasks in Dutch and English were assessed twice within a 10-month interval, and the scores of the two measurements were combined to gain stability. For both subgroups, we found indications that phonological core deficits and variable differences in orthographic competence transferred across the two languages. However, the Poor/Good subgroup did not show the weaknesses in serial rapid naming and semantic fluency of the Poor/Poor subgroup in both languages. Moreover, the Poor/Good readers were relatively good in reading skills and verbal learning in English. They had a specific reading disability at the phonemic level but also had compensatory skills at the level of syllables and words that help them to acquire English as second language. In contrast, the Poor/Poor subgroup had a more general reading disability, most prominently present in L2. The results are discussed in terms of orthographic differences between Dutch and English, the phonological-core variable-differences model, and "subtypes" of dyslexia. 相似文献
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Connie Suk-han Ho 《Reading and writing》2014,27(9):1673-1701
The present 4-year longitudinal study examined preschool predictors of Grade 1 dyslexia status in a Chinese population in Hong Kong where children started learning to read at the age of three. Seventy-five and 39 Chinese children with high and low familial risk respectively were tested on Chinese word reading, oral language skills, morphological awareness, phonological skills, rapid naming, and print-related skills from age 4 to 6 and a standardized dyslexia test at age 7. Results showed that children of the high risk group performed significantly worse than the low risk group in Chinese literacy, phonological awareness, and orthographic skills at age 7. All the children with dyslexia had word reading difficulties in at least one preschool year. Results of the logistic regression showed that preschool verbal production, syllable deletion, and letter naming were the best predictors of dyslexia outcome at age 7. As in alphabetic languages, preschool oral language skills like verbal production, phonological skills, and print-related skills are the most significant predictors of children’s later reading difficulties. 相似文献
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Sietske van Viersen Elise H. de Bree Lilian Kalee Evelyn H. Kroesbergen Peter F. de Jong 《Reading and writing》2017,30(6):1173-1192
A few studies suggest that gifted children with dyslexia have better literacy skills than averagely intelligent children with dyslexia. This finding aligns with the hypothesis that giftedness-related factors provide compensation for poor reading. The present study investigated whether, as in the native language (NL), the level of foreign language (FL) literacy of gifted students with dyslexia is higher than the literacy level of averagely intelligent students with dyslexia and whether this difference can be accounted for by the difference in their NL literacy level. The sample consisted of 148 Dutch native speaking secondary school students divided in four groups: dyslexia, gifted/dyslexia, typically developing (TD), and gifted. All students were assessed on word reading and orthographic knowledge in Dutch and English when they were in 7th or 8th grade. A subsample (n = 71) was (re)assessed on Dutch, English, French, and German literacy one year later. Results showed that Dutch gifted students with dyslexia have higher NL literacy levels than averagely intelligent students with dyslexia. As in the NL, a stepwise pattern of group differences was found for English word reading and spelling, i.e., dyslexia < gifted/dyslexia < TD < gifted. However, it was not found for French and German literacy performance. These results point towards compensation: the higher English literacy levels of gifted/dyslexic students compared to their averagely intelligent dyslexic peers result from mechanisms that are unique to English as a FL. Differences in results between FLs are discussed in terms of variation in orthographic transparency and exposure. 相似文献
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An unexpected and remarkable preference for second language reading among some dyslexics has been noted, presenting a challenge to accepted theory on dyslexia and the capacity for second language learning. The current study was designed to examine this phenomenon by systematically looking at the differential reading scores in the first and second languages of reading-disabled young Swedish adults who claimed to prefer reading in their second language (English). Three groups were selected for study: a group of 10 reading-disabled young adults who prefer to read English; a second group of 10 reading-disabled with no special preference for second language reading, matched on word recognition efficiency, age group, gender and educational level and a group of 10 normal readers matched on age group and educational level. The test battery was designed to compare overall reading efficiency in English and Swedish and therefore encompassed both speed and accuracy measures. The battery covered seven phonological measures, four orthographic measures,three isolated word reading measures, two continuous text reading measures, a comprehension task and an author recognition task. All tasks were carried out in both English and Swedish. The results showed that two dyslexic groups differed significantly in the degree to which task performance, including reading efficiency, was impeded by the English format. A tentative hypothesis was forwarded as to how the exceptional and unexpected facility with English might be explained. 相似文献
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This study examines whether orthographic processing transfers across languages to reading when the writing systems under acquisition are sufficiently related. We conducted a study with 76 7‐year‐old English‐first‐language children in French immersion. Measures of English and French orthographic processing (orthographic choice tasks) and standardised measures of English and French word reading (Woodcock and FIAT) were taken, in addition to verbal and nonverbal ability, and phonological and morphological awareness. Analyses reveal significant contributions of orthographic processing to reading both within and across the two languages, despite the inclusion of control variables. Findings of the transfer of orthographic processing skills to reading across languages suggest that orthographic processing may not be as language specific as previously hypothesised. We discuss the several similarities between English and French, such as a shared alphabet and cognates, that may drive transfer across languages in the context of current theories of second‐language reading development. 相似文献
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S. Hélène Deacon Eva Commissaire Xi Chen Adrian Pasquarella 《Reading and writing》2013,26(7):1087-1109
As children learn to read, they become sensitive to the patterns that exist in the ways in which their language(s) are represented in print. This skill is known as orthographic processing. We examined the nature of orthographic processing in English and French for children in the first grade of a French immersion program, and the relationship between orthographic processing and reading beyond controls for mother’s education, non-verbal reasoning, English vocabulary and phonological awareness. We found that children showed greater orthographic processing skill to patterns that were common to both of their languages than to those that occurred in just one of their languages. Across both lexical and sub-lexical orthographic processing measures, scores were related to word reading within each language, beyond our control variables. There was some evidence of cross-language relationships between orthographic processing and word reading, both for lexical and sub-lexical language-shared measures of orthographic processing. These findings suggest that children’s attention to features that are common both languages might be one source of transfer of orthographic processing to reading between languages. 相似文献
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Marie Lallier Guillaume Thierry Polly Barr Manuel Carreiras Marie-Josephe Tainturier 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2018,22(4):335-349
According to the Grain Size Accommodation hypothesis (Lallier & Carreiras, 2017), learning to read in two languages differing in orthographic consistency leads to a cross-linguistic modulation of reading and spelling processes. Here, we test the prediction that bilingualism may influence the manifestations of dyslexia. We compared the deficits of English monolingual and early Welsh–English bilingual dyslexic adults on reading and spelling irregular English words and English-like pseudowords. As predicted, monolinguals were relatively more impaired in reading pseudowords than irregular words, whereas the opposite was true for bilinguals. Moreover, monolinguals showed stronger sublexical processing deficits than bilinguals and were poorer spellers overall. This study shows that early bilingual reading experience has long-lasting effects on the manifestations of dyslexia in adulthood. It demonstrates that learning to read in a consistent language like Welsh in addition to English gives bilingual dyslexic adults an advantage in English literacy tasks strongly relying on phonological processing. 相似文献