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1.
Learning to improve: using writing to increase critical thinking performance in general education biology 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Increasingly, national stakeholders express concern that U.S. college graduates cannot adequately solve problems and think critically. As a set of cognitive abilities, critical thinking skills provide students with tangible academic, personal, and professional benefits that may ultimately address these concerns. As an instructional method, writing has long been perceived as a way to improve critical thinking. In the current study, the researchers compared critical thinking performance of students who experienced a laboratory writing treatment with those who experienced traditional quiz-based laboratory in a general education biology course. The effects of writing were determined within the context of multiple covariables. Results indicated that the writing group significantly improved critical thinking skills whereas the nonwriting group did not. Specifically, analysis and inference skills increased significantly in the writing group but not the nonwriting group. Writing students also showed greater gains in evaluation skills; however, these were not significant. In addition to writing, prior critical thinking skill and instructor significantly affected critical thinking performance, whereas other covariables such as gender, ethnicity, and age were not significant. With improved critical thinking skill, general education biology students will be better prepared to solve problems as engaged and productive citizens. 相似文献
2.
This mixed-method, longitudinal study investigated the benefits of project-based learning (PBL) on secondary-mathematics students' academic skill development and motivated strategies for learning (i.e., cognitive, social, and motivational). The focus of this study was academic skill development (algebra- and geometry-assessment scores) and other factors related to secondary mathematics learning, with comparable traditional high schoolers serving as the control group. In addition, the relationship between PBL and racially/ethnically and economically diverse secondary students was investigated. Results showed that at-risk and minority students benefited greatly from PBL in learning mathematics. The academic performance gap was present, but its width diminished significantly. Compared to their public school counterparts, PBL students were more intrinsically motivated, showed significantly higher critical thinking skills, and appreciated peer learning. Impact of socioeconomic status on the PBL approach needs further investigation. 相似文献
3.
Recent educational policies, national reports, and voluminous literature stress that critical thinking (CT) is an essential skill in any stage of schooling for producing critical thinkers and ensuring better learning. The importance of teaching CT has been raised in teacher education programmes because students are supposed to teach this skill in schools in the future. This study therefore assesses the effects of a CT-based pedagogical course on student teachers’ content knowledge and CT disposition. A pre-test–post-test experimental study was carried out in a vocational pre-service teacher education programme in Turkey. Although the students who were exposed to CT-based instruction showed better progress in both academic achievement and CT disposition than in traditional instruction, this result was not statistically significant according to the Mixed Factorial ANOVA and ANCOVA results. 相似文献
4.
Woei Hung 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2008,39(6):1099-1120
Systems thinking is an essential cognitive skill that enables individuals to develop an integrative understanding of a given subject at the conceptual and systemic level. Yet, systems thinking is not usually an innate skill. Helping students develop systems‐thinking skills warrants attention from educators. This paper describes a study examining the effects of utilising systems modelling as a cognitive tool in enhancing a group of graduate students' systems‐thinking skills. A significant improvement was observed in the systems‐thinking practises of the students. A theoretical rationale for enhancing systems‐thinking skills with modelling and the results of the study will be discussed. 相似文献
5.
Elisabeth J. H. Spelt Harm J. A. Biemans Hilde Tobi Pieternel A. Luning Martin Mulder 《Educational Psychology Review》2009,21(4):365-378
Interdisciplinary higher education aims to develop boundary-crossing skills, such as interdisciplinary thinking. In the present
review study, interdisciplinary thinking was defined as the capacity to integrate knowledge of two or more disciplines to
produce a cognitive advancement in ways that would have been impossible or unlikely through single disciplinary means. It
was considered as a complex cognitive skill that constituted of a number of subskills. The review was accomplished by means
of a systematic search within four scientific literature databases followed by a critical analysis. The review showed that,
to date, scientific research into teaching and learning in interdisciplinary higher education has remained limited and explorative.
The research advanced the understanding of the necessary subskills of interdisciplinary thinking and typical conditions for
enabling the development of interdisciplinary thinking. This understanding provides a platform from which the theory and practice
of interdisciplinary higher education can move forward. 相似文献
6.
Zhi Hong Wan 《Educational studies》2019,45(3):285-304
Although the relationship between the classroom learning environment and academic achievement has been explored in subject-free and disciplinary subject contexts, research into this relationship is still lacking in the context of interdisciplinary subjects. This study investigated the relationship between the classroom learning environment and student achievement in an interdisciplinary subject (i.e. liberal studies) in Hong Kong secondary schools. The mediating role of critical thinking was also explored. The participants were 410 Hong Kong secondary school graduates. The structural equation modelling analyses indicated that (1) the Content aspect of the classroom learning environment had an effect on the achievement in liberal studies, and this effect was not mediated by critical thinking; (2) the Pedagogy aspect predicted critical thinking skills, which in turn predicted the achievement in liberal studies; (3) the Relation aspect had no significant effects on critical thinking skills and student achievement in liberal studies. Suggestions on enhancing students’ high-order thinking skills and achievement in interdisciplinary subjects were provided. 相似文献
7.
《Mind, Brain, and Education》2017,11(2):85-95
Cognitive skills are associated with academic performance, but little is known about how to improve these skills in the classroom. Here, we present the results of a pilot study in which teachers were trained to engage students in cognitive skill practice through playing games. Fifth‐grade students at an experimental charter school were randomly assigned to receive cognitive skill instruction (CSI) or instruction in geography and typing. Students in the CSI group improved significantly more than the control group on a composite measure of cognitive skills. CSI was more effective for students with lower standardized test scores. Although there was no group effect on test scores, cognitive improvement correlated positively with test score improvement only in the CSI group. Beyond showing that cognitive skills can be improved in the classroom, this study provides lessons for the future of CSI, including changes to professional development and challenges for scalability. 相似文献
8.
John Halliday 《Curriculum Journal》2013,24(2):159-175
There is considerable interest in unifying post-compulsory education and training systems through the common teaching of core or key skills. Critical thinking appears to be a very attractive example of such a skill but this article argues against the idea that critical thinking is a core skill that should be widely taught to bridge what is termed ‘the academic vocational divide’. Some of the attractions of this idea are acknowledged but it is argued that the very meanings of critical, academic and vocational depend upon the context and purpose of thinking and it is misleading to suggest that thinking is any kind of a skill. On the basis of this argument and an empirical study it is concluded that when the idea informs curricular policy and practice, far from bridging an academic vocational divide, the idea will actually widen it. If this conclusion is correct for what appears to be a most plausible candidate for a core or key skill, then policies designed to bridge an academic vocational divide that are based on the core or key skills idea should be abandoned. 相似文献
9.
李娇 《牡丹江教育学院学报》2020,(3):77-81
提高思辨能力是当前我国高校外语人才培养的主要目标,是有效研究和创新的根本。在分析了高校外语专业大学生"思辨缺席"现状和成因的基础上,梳理了外语学界从思辨能力模型建构、思辨能力测量工具建构和检验、高校外语专业教学改革、分门别类的实证研究等方面进行的积极应对举措。并立足于教师、学生、学校和社会四个方面,探讨了高校外语专业大学生思辨能力培养模式"四位一体"构建的建议,旨在为提高我国高校外语人才思辨能力做一些有益的探索。 相似文献
10.
Abstract Emphasizing critical thinking in teacher education could potentially increase society's effectiveness in addressing national and international problems. This linkage between teacher education and societal problem solving is predicated on three major possibilities: (a) Increased emphasis on critical thinking in teacher education will increase the emphasis on critical thinking in K‐12 education, (b) increased emphasis on critical thinking in K‐12 will lead to increased use of critical thinking within society, and (c) increased use of critical thinking among society's leaders and citizens will produce better problem solving at a societal level. The proposed linkage between teacher education and societal problem solving is anchored in three aspects of critical thinking: disposition toward critical thinking, cognitive skill in critical thinking, and information bases for critical thinking. 相似文献
11.
马志强 《现代远程教育研究》2013,(2):31-37
问题解决在线学习活动强调将学习活动置于有意义的问题情境中,通过个人或小组协作的方式来解决问题。问题解决的过程与批判性思维的发展密不可分,批判性思维是问题解决学习活动中重要的认知加工过程。Newman等学者提出的批判性思维模型详细界定了批判性思维的发展层级及其表现,可用于量化分析在线学习活动中的交互文本内容,而话语分析技术可以从质性角度确保交互文本分析的完整意义。通过设计案例并运用这两种分析工具可以揭示出问题解决学习活动中批判性思维发展的特征：一是批判性思维各层级出现的频率是不一样的,各种表现的量化比例可以表明批判性思维发展的层级;二是批判性思维质量与构建问题空间及形成问题解决策略的效果密切相关;三是在问题解决的不同阶段批判性思维发展的过程和互动结构不同。 相似文献
12.
本研究依据可逆性思维过程理论(R:APOK模型),针对轻度智力落后儿童编制了实用思维训练教程,并对特殊学校和随班就读的轻度智力落后儿童进行了为期半年(一个学期)的教学实验。结果表明,接受过可逆性思维训练的实验组的智力发展比没有接受过此训练的对照组有更显著的进步。虽然可逆性思维训练还不能将轻度智力落后儿童训练成为智力正常的普通儿童,但它确实能够在一定程度上有效地促进他们认知、智力(思维)发展。因此,教育者不能忽视轻度智力落后儿童认知的最近发展区,而应该通过各种有效的思维训练途径进一步促进他们认知发展。 相似文献
13.
Guido Makransky Philip Havmose Maria Louison Vang Tonny Elmose Andersen Tine Nielsen 《高等教育研究与发展》2017,36(5):1003-1016
The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive validity of a two-step admissions procedure that included a cognitive ability test followed by multiple mini-interviews (MMIs) used to assess non-cognitive skills, compared to grade-based admissions relative to subsequent drop-out rates and academic achievement after one and two years of study. The participants consisted of the entire population of 422 psychology students who were admitted to the University of Southern Denmark between 2010 and 2013. The results showed significantly lower drop-out rates after the first year of study, and non-significant lower drop-out rates after the second year of study for the admission procedure that included the assessment of non-cognitive skills though the MMI and the admissions test. Furthermore, this admission procedure resulted in a significant lower risk of failing the final exam after the first and second year of study, compared to the grade-based admissions procedure. Finally, students admitted through the MMI and the admissions test scored significantly higher on academic learning self-efficacy and critical thinking compared to students selected by grades. The implications for higher education admissions are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Metacognitive strategies that enhance critical thinking 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The need to cultivate students’ use of metacognitive strategies in critical thinking has been emphasized in the related literature.
The present study aimed at examining the role of metacognitive strategies in critical thinking. Ten university students with
comparable cognitive ability, thinking disposition and academic achievement but with different levels of critical thinking
performance participated in the study (five in the high-performing group and five in the low-performing group). They were
tested on six thinking tasks using think-aloud procedures. Results showed that good critical thinkers engaged in more metacognitive
activities, especially high-level planning and high-level evaluating strategies. The importance of metacognitive knowledge
as a supporting factor for effective metacognitive regulation was also revealed. The contribution of metacognitive strategies
to critical thinking and implications for instructional practice are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Critical patriotism is an ideal in many liberal Western nations. Few studies, however, explore how teachers understand and teach critical patriotism and the possible tensions arising from its adoption, especially in non-Western contexts. This qualitative case study explores the understandings and practices of two Social Studies teachers from an elite girls’ school in Singapore to understand how they negotiate the tensions that arise when critical thinking and patriotism meet. The findings show that the teachers perceive little contradiction between patriotism and critical thinking and, hence, generally taught in line with democratic citizenship education. They encouraged students to discuss controversial policies, brought in diverse perspectives and challenged the status quo. However, sensitive to the socio-political context in Singapore, they sought consensus instead of contestation, gradual change instead of radical change, in contrast to the spirit of critical patriotism. These findings suggest that in Singapore, where communitarian values are promoted, critical patriotism was expressed differently. Constructive patriotism may be a better term to describe the type of patriotism observed in the teachers. 相似文献
16.
F. Robert Paulsen 《College Teaching》2013,61(1):41-44
This article draws six key lessons from cognitive science for teachers of critical thinking. The lessons are: acquiring expertise in critical thinking is hard; practice in critical-thinking skills themselves enhances skills; the transfer of skills must be practiced; some theoretical knowledge is required; diagramming arguments (“argument mapping”) promotes skill; and students are prone to belief preservation. The article provides some guidelines for teaching practice in light of these lessons. 相似文献
17.
儿童哲学是一门训练儿童思维技能的课程，通过群体探究的教育情境和教育方法，以儿童自己对哲学问题的认识为内容，训练儿童的批判性思维技能的发展。 相似文献
18.
This article describes the Biology Critical Thinking (BCT) project in which carefully designed activities for developing specific critical thinking skills are incorporated into the biology curriculum. The objectives were to find out whether the BCT project contributes to the development of critical thinking skills in various biological and nonbiological topics and how it affects students' biological knowledge and classroom learning environment. The study consisted of 678 seventh graders who were assigned randomly into two groups that studied the same seventh-grade biology textbook. Only one group, the experimental, completed the BCT activities. The results indicate that the students in the experimental group improved their critical thinking skills compared to their own initial level and compared to their counterparts in the control group. Improved critical thinking skills were observed in a new biological context and nonbiological everyday topics, suggesting generalization of thinking skills across domains. The experimental students scored significantly higher than the control on a knowledge test, suggesting that “knowledge of facts” as one educational goal and “learning to think” as another, need not conflict, but rather can interact with each other. Finally, the results show that BCT involvement decreased the frequency of teacher-centered teaching and enhanced student-centered, more active learning. 相似文献
19.
Kevin Gary 《Educational theory》2006,56(2):121-136
A bstract . At present liberal education is generally understood and justified as the acquisition of critical thinking skills and individual autonomy. Traditionally, however, the ultimate purpose of liberal education has been leisure. Freedom, it was thought, was not simply the result of critical thinking but also required the cultivation of leisure that involved a vigilant receptivity — a stillness from the busy world of work and the restive probing of a discursive mind. In this essay, Kevin Gary argues that the cultivation of leisure has been and ought to be an essential part of what constitutes a liberal education. Focused on interior freedom, leisure offers a valuable way of learning that ushers in an authentic freedom that a critical approach to learning and liberal education does not. Accordingly, it offers a valuable defense against the hegemonic world of work that defines and appraises one's value exclusively in terms of one's doing. 相似文献
20.
基于隐喻认知视角的科技日语翻译 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
彭新勇 《河北北方学院学报(社会科学版)》2012,(1):37-39,43
科技日语文本从本质上说是隐喻性的,科技日语的翻译是一个复杂的隐喻思维的翻译过程。基于认知语境对语言的制约作用,翻译时不能不做好认知语境的切换分析。无论改变原文句子的结构、对动词作隐喻化处理,还是消除隐喻的文化差异障碍的去"隐"存真的翻译技巧,都是为了服务于目的语读者的认知环境。 相似文献