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1.
陈民盛  刘彤  程湘南 《体育学刊》2006,13(1):108-110
通过对clap式冰刀与传统冰刀蹬冰机制的比较得出，clap式冰刀蹬冰技术原理体现在两个方面：一是通过提高踝关节的灵活性来改变下肢各关节的发力性质；二是通过冰刀结构的改变来揭示速滑蹬冰技术动作加速理论的适用条件。其核心是提高踝关节的灵活性。  相似文献   

2.
对第17、18届冬奥会前8名运动员500m 运动成绩及起跑犯规次数进行统计,结果表明,使用新式冰刀后500m 运动成绩虽提高显著,但起跑犯规次数及被判罚出场的人数也是历届奥运会中罕见的,表明运动员在使用新式冰刀起跑技术方面存在一定问题。为此,对哈尔滨市体工队44名速滑运动员在使用新式冰刀的情况下采用蛙式起跑和非点冰站立式起跑两种方法进行实验研究,结果表明,采用蛙式起跑重心低,起动时间短,起跑前冲力大,不易犯规。  相似文献   

3.
The forward skating start is a fundamental skill for ice hockey players, yet extremely challenging given the low traction of the ice surface. The technique for maximum skating acceleration of the body is not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate kinematic ice hockey skating start movement technique in relation to a skater’s skill level. A 10-camera motion capture system placed on the ice surface recorded “hybrid-V” skate start movement patterns of high and low calibre male ice hockey players (n = 7, 8, respectively). Participants’ lower body kinematics and estimated body centre of mass (CoM) movement during the first four steps were calculated. Both skate groups had similar lower body strength profiles, yet high calibre skaters achieved greater velocity; skating technique differences most likely explained the performance differences between the groups. Unlike over ground sprint start technique, skating starts showed greater concurrent hip abduction, external rotation and extension, presumably for ideal blade-to-ice push-off orientation for propulsion. Initial analysis revealed similar hip, knee and ankle joint gross movement patterns across skaters, however, further scrutiny of the data revealed that high calibre skaters achieved greater vertical CoM acceleration during each step that in turn allowed greater horizontal traction, forward propulsion, lower double-support times and, accordingly, faster starts with higher stride rates.  相似文献   

4.
This study assessed changes in selected physiological and kinematic variables over 6 weeks of treadmill skating in an effort to understand the process of habituation to this novel training modality. Seven male, Atom-A hockey players who were injury-free and had no previous treadmill skating experience participated in the study. Players performed four 1-min skating bouts at progressively increasing speeds, each week, for 6 weeks. One speed (10.5 km/h) was repeated weekly to allow for assessment of the habituation process. Our criteria for habituation were: a decrease in stride rate, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion, and an increase in stride length, trunk angle and vertical movement of the centre of mass, leading to a plateau, over the course of the 6-week study. Significant decreases were seen in stride rate, heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion, and significant increases were found in stride length. Some of these changes were evident after only one week of training and all were present by week 4. After 6 weeks (24 min) of exposure to treadmill skating, all participants displayed a visibly more efficient skating style.  相似文献   

5.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of skate blade hollow on oxygen consumption during forward skating on a treadmill. Varsity level female hockey players (n = 10, age = 21.7 years) performed skating tests at three blade hollows [0.25 in (6.35 mm), 0.50 in (12.7 mm), and 0.75 in (19.05 mm)]. The subjects skated for four minutes at three submaximal velocities (12, 14 and 16 km h−1), separated by five minutes of passive recovery. In addition, a VO2max test was performed on the day that the subjects skated at the 0.50 in hollow. The VO2max test commenced at 14 km h−1 and increased by 1 km h−1 each minute until volitional exhaustion was achieved. Four variables were measured for each skating bout, volume of gas expired (V E), volume of oxygen consumed (VO 2), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). No significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in any of the four test variables (V E, VO2, HR, RPE) across the three skate hollows. These results show that when skating on a treadmill at submaximal velocities, skate blade hollow has no significant effect onV E, VO2, HR or RPE.  相似文献   

6.
冰上舞蹈是我国花样滑冰弱势项目,寻找与世界优秀选手的差距是提高我国冰上舞蹈运动员的关键。通过对2014年中国杯世界花样滑冰大奖赛冰上舞蹈比赛中外选手的比赛观察,对我国选手在短舞蹈和自由舞的技术和节目内容进行研究,发现我国选手在滑行技术、动作链接、节目完成和身体表现、节目编排以及音乐的表达方面与外国优秀选手之间还有一定的差距,特别是在滑行用刃、节目内容上存在不准确、对音乐理解和舞蹈动作不到位等问题。认为我国选手应尽快熟悉花样滑冰国际比赛的程序与规则,加强滑行技术的基础练习,建立专项艺术训练模式,提高花样滑冰冰上动作的艺术表演内涵与深度,才会使我国冰上舞蹈项目整体水平得到提升。  相似文献   

7.
Abstract

The capturing of movements by means of wearable sensors has become increasingly popular in order to obtain sport performance measures during training or competition. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the feasibility of using body worn accelerometers to identify previous highlighted performance related biomechanical changes in terms of substantial differences across skill levels and skating phases. Twenty-two ice hockey players of different caliber were equipped with two 3D accelerometers, located on the skate and the waist, as they performed 30 m forward skating sprints on an ice rink. Two measures of the temporal stride characteristics (contact time and stride time) and one measure of the propulsive power (stride propulsion) of a skating stride were calculated and checked for discriminating effects across (i) skill levels and (ii) sprint phases as well as for their (iii) strength of association with the sprint performance (total sprint time). High caliber players showed an increased stride propulsion (+22%, P?<?0.05) and shorter contact time (?5%, P?<?0.05). All three analysed variables highlighted substantial biomechanical differences between the accelerative and constant velocity phases (P?<?0.05). Stride propulsion of acceleration strides primarily correlated to total sprint time (r?=??0.57, P?<?0.05). The results demonstrate the potential of accelerometers to assess skating technique elements such as contact time or elements characterizing the propulsive power such as center of mass acceleration, to gauge skating performance. Thus, the findings of this study might contribute to establishing wearable sensors for in-field ice hockey skating performance analysis.  相似文献   

8.
论述了国内外轮滑工具原始发明与现代轮滑与轮滑装备工程技术的融合发展的状况,着重对速度轮滑装备的轮滑鞋、服装、训练器械等内涵关键技术要素进行了分析,认为轮滑鞋的轴承、滑轮内轮辐、滑轮外缘橡胶、滑轮架、服装、训练器械是通过本身的技术性能特征来实现技术的目标。提出轮滑装备器材的先进技术为比赛竞争者创造了优势条件;轮滑装备器材的发展创新既促进轮滑运动水平的提高,也创造了商品产业多元化发展的产业链;装备技术的使用者和产业者与跨学科技术融合,成为社会效益与经济效益的共赢者。  相似文献   

9.
In this study, we compared the kinematic variables of the split triple twist with those of the split double twist to help coaches and scientists understand these landmark pair skating skills. High-speed video was taken during the pair short and free programmes at the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Olympics and the 2003 International Skating Union Grand Prix Finals. Three-dimensional analyses of 14 split double twists and 15 split triple twists from eleven pairs were completed. In spite of considerable variability in the performance variables among the pairs, the main difference between the split double twists and split triple twists was an increase in rotational rate. While eight of the eleven pairs relied primarily on an increased rotational rate to complete the split triple twist, three pairs employed a combined strategy of increased rotational rate and increased flight time due predominantly to delayed or lower catches. These results were similar to observations of jumps in singles skating for which the extra rotation is typically due to an increase in rotational velocity; increases in flight time come primarily from delayed landings as opposed to additional height during flight. Combining an increase in flight time and rotational rate may be a good strategy for completing the split triple twist in pair skating.  相似文献   

10.
运用三维DLT摄像法,对国内两名优秀速滑运动员直道滑行技术进行运动学分析。研究结果表明:运动员自由滑行时间和单支撑时间偏长,降低了蹬冰频率;大腿带动小腿蹬冰动作不明显,在单支撑蹬冰阶段加大髋关节的蹬伸幅度,有利于发挥肌肉力量,提高蹬冰效果;在整个蹬冰过程中髋、膝关节起主要作用,单支撑蹬冰阶段膝关节伸展幅度过小,将造成消极蹬冰,影响肌力发挥;自由滑阶段较大的膝角导致压膝幅度增大,压膝幅度越大,压膝时间越长,对蹬冰效果造成的负面影响越大。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess fatigue during a simulated cross-country skiing sprint competition based on skating technique. Sixteen male skiers performed a 30-m maximal skiing speed test and four 850-m heats with roller skies on a tartan track, separated by 20 min recovery between heats. Physiological variables (heart rate, blood lactate concentration, oxygen consumption), skiing velocity, and electromyography (EMG) were recorded at the beginning of the heats and at the end of each 200-m lap during the heats. Maximal skiing velocity and EMG were measured in the speed test before the simulation. No differences were observed in skiing velocity, EMG or metabolic variables between the heats. The end (820–850 m) velocities and sum-iEMG of the triceps brachii and vastus lateralis in the four heats were significantly lower than the skiing velocity and sum-iEMG in the speed test. A significant correlation was observed between mean oxygen consumption and the change in skiing velocity over the four heats. Each single heat induced considerable neuromuscular fatigue, but recovery between the heats was long enough to prevent accumulation of fatigue. The results suggest that the skiers with a high aerobic power were less fatigued throughout the simulation.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

The aims of the study were to: (1) adapt the “double-push” technique from inline skating to cross-country skiing; (2) compare this new skiing technique with the conventional skate skiing cross-country technique; and (3) test the hypothesis that the double-push technique improves skiing speed in a short sprint. 13 elite skiers performed maximum-speed sprints over 100 m using the double-push skate skiing technique and using the conventional “V2” skate skiing technique. Pole and plantar forces, knee angle, cycle characteristics, and electromyography of nine lower body muscles were analysed. We found that the double-push technique could be successfully transferred to cross-country skiing, and that this new technique is faster than the conventional skate skiing technique. The double-push technique was 2.9 ± 2.2% faster (P < 0.001), which corresponds to a time advantage of 0.41 ± 0.31 s over 100 m. The double-push technique had a longer cycle length and a lower cycle rate, and it was characterized by higher muscle activity, higher knee extension amplitudes and velocities, and higher peak foot forces, especially in the first phase of the push-off. Also, the foot was more loaded laterally in the double-push technique than in the conventional skate skiing technique.  相似文献   

13.
The arm swing in hockey skating can have a positive effect on the forces produced by each skate, and the resulting velocity from each push off. The main purpose of this study was to measure the differences in ground reaction forces (GRFs) produced from an anteroposterior versus a mediolateral style hockey skating arm swing. Twenty-four elite-level female hockey players performed each technique while standing on a ground-mounted force platform, and all trials were filmed using two video cameras. Force data was assessed for peak scaled GRFs in the frontal and sagittal planes, and resultant GRF magnitude and direction. Upper limb kinematics were assessed from the video using Dartfish video analysis software, confirming that the subjects successfully performed two distinct arm swing techniques. The mediolateral arm swing used a mean of 18.38° of glenohumeral flexion/extension and 183.68° of glenohumeral abduction/adduction while the anteroposterior technique used 214.17° and 28.97° respectively. The results of this study confirmed that the mediolateral arm swing produced 37% greater frontal plane and 33% less sagittal plane GRFs than the anteroposterior arm swing. The magnitudes of the resultant GRFs were not significantly different between the two techniques; however, the mediolateral technique produced a resultant GRF with a significantly larger angle from the direction of travel (44.44°) as compared to the anteroposterior technique (31.60°). The results of this study suggest that the direction of GRFs produced by the mediolateral arm swing more closely mimic the direction of lower limb propulsion during the skating stride.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

In ice hockey, skating performance depends on the skill and physical conditioning of the players and on the characteristics of their equipment. CT Edge have recently designed a new skate blade that angles outward near the bottom of the blade. The objective of this study was to compare the frictional characteristics of three CT Edge blades (with blade angles of 4°, 6°, and 8°, respectively) with the frictional characteristics of a standard skate blade. The friction coefficients of the blades were determined by measuring the deceleration of an aluminium test sled equipped with three test blades. The measurements were conducted with an initial sled speed of 1.8 m · s?1 and with a load of 53 kg on each blade. The friction coefficient of the standard blades was 0.0071 (s=0.0005). For the CT Edge blades with blade angles of 4°, 6°, and 8°, friction coefficients were lower by about 13%, 21%, and 22%, respectively. Furthermore, the friction coefficients decreased with increasing load. The results of this study show that widely accepted paradigms such as “thinner blades cause less friction” need to be revisited. New blade designs might also be able to reduce friction in speed skating, figure skating, bobsledding, and luge.  相似文献   

15.
速度滑冰是一种计时竞速类项目,对速度的控制与分配是决定比赛胜负的关键,而数字化冰场正是了解运动员滑跑速度的有效工具。基于AMB系统基础平台,设计并实现了数字化冰场数据处理分析系统。以张虹和于静500 m比赛为实例,详述了该套系统的功能与具体应用方法,表明分析软件已经完成与AMB系统的无缝结合,并将数字化冰场速度动态特征：各区段速度差异、弯道加速率与直道保持率、高速区滑跑长度、高速区滑跑稳定性、高速区降速量分析与个性化比赛模式研究体系以计算机代码的形式加以整合,在实际应用过程中对教练员和运动员改进训练方法,优化临场指挥提供了有效的科学依据,同时形成了一套相对完善的数字化冰场研究与应用模式,充实了速滑运动员滑行速度数据库,为今后完善数字化冰场研究体系及其他相关研究工作打下了良好的基础。  相似文献   

16.
目的:旨在建立肌电与足底压力同步模型,从身体内部工作状态的角度探讨速度滑冰的一般规律。方法:同步测量速滑运动肌电与足底压力以及视频信号,建立速度滑冰直道蹬冰单周期模型,揭示运动员身体内、外参数的变化规律。结果:建立了速滑蹬冰单周期模型,提出膝角120°位置处的爆发力为速滑的主要用力特征,将速滑蹬冰单周期细分为6个阶段。结论:肌电与足底压力同步测量、同步肌电分析方法的结合能有效地获取速滑运动身体信息和揭示运动规律,是一种有力的体育科学研究方法。  相似文献   

17.
通过影像测量方法，探讨了速滑姿势与能量输出之间的关系。结果认为：功率与步频和滑行姿势密切相关；在滑行同一距离项目中，输出功率总量决定水平相近的运动员之间成绩上的微小差异：绝对意义的低姿势只能是躯干保持水平位置，而相对意义的低姿势以发挥下肢蹬伸力量为前提；高的能量输出主要是通过大量的蹬伸做功而产生。  相似文献   

18.
刘锋 《冰雪运动》2014,(6):93-96
冰刀结构、冰刀研磨、运动服装等非运动员主体条件的技术创新不仅丰富了速度滑冰训练理论的完善,对速度滑冰技术的改进亦起到决定性作用。短道速滑运动员使用槽刃冰刀可以增大运动员弯道滑行时法线方向冰刀与冰面之间的斜面的支撑力,可以让运动员把身体向圆心方向倾斜的程度加大、产生更大的向心力,以更快的速度滑过弯道。在4轴联动数控磨床基础上设计一台专门加工短道速滑冰刀槽刃的自动磨刀机,技术关键是将冰刀刀片与砂轮轴布置在同一水平面上、使用单斜边砂轮,这样才可以为短道速滑冰刀磨出槽刃。短道速滑冰刀槽刃数控自动磨刀机还包括工件夹具、电源、数控装置、辅助装置等其他功能组件。  相似文献   

19.
Twenty principal components analyses were performed on the results of 10 European and 10 World male speed skating championships. The first principal component obtained was defined as ‘the ability to skate well at all tournament distances’. Therefore the rank order of the participants’ skating ability could be estimated in an alternative way to allow validation of the scoring method currently in force. This validity coefficient turned out to be so high (r = 0.967) that it does not seem necessary to adopt a more sophisticated method, despite a few demonstrable shortcomings of the one in use. However, there remains a considerable proportion of variance (10–34%) that can not be explained by systematic aspects of skating ability.  相似文献   

20.
对男子速滑运动员500m起跑姿势的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用三维摄像DLT法,用3台松下M9000摄像机在比赛条件下分别从侧面和正面进行同步定点、定焦拍摄,完整记录了参加2004年世界杯哈尔滨站男子500m速滑比赛的中、美共9名运动员的起跑动作。旨在揭示站立式起跑姿势和三点式起跑姿势的各自特点,研究结果表明:站立式起跑预备姿势利于从静止状态转入快速起动蹬冰状态,其稳定性低于三点式起跑姿势,采用三点式起跑姿势的起动前冲力更大,便于运动员增大起动步长,但采用站立式起跑姿势有利于提高起动频率;起跑阶段采用站立式起跑姿势的滑行速度明显高于采用三点式起跑姿势的运动员。  相似文献   

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