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1.
“女运动员三联征”包括了相互联系的三个征象，即进食障碍、闭经和早发骨质疏松。这三种症状在女运动员经常同时出现，尤其易发生在那些从事美学和生理学上依赖低体脂或低体重取得成功的项目的运动员中，是影响女运动员健康和竞技状态的重要因素。女运动员三联征与机体能量不平衡有关。从机体能量平衡调节的角度综述女运动员三联征的发生机制。 相似文献
2.
Yngvar Ommundsen Glyn C Roberts Pierre-Nicolas Lemyre Blake W Miller 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):977-989
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the perceived motivational climate, achievement goals, perfectionism and indices of peer relationships in a sample of young male and female Norwegian soccer players. The sample consisted of 1719 experienced soccer players (1231 males, 488 females) aged 12?–?19 years (mean = 14.9 years) participating in the Norway Cup international youth soccer competition. The players responded to a questionnaire measuring perceived peer acceptance and quality of friendship in soccer, perceived motivational climate, achievement goals and perfectionism in soccer. Canonical correlation analyses revealed that young female players who perceived the motivational climate as predominantly mastery oriented, and who were moderately task oriented and scored negatively on maladaptive perfectionism, reported better relations with their peers in soccer. Constructive peer relations were evident in that they scored positively on companionship with their best friend in soccer; they perceived this friend as being loyal and of allowing free discussion, and they reported being socially accepted by their peers in soccer. Mirroring these findings, young male players who perceived the motivational climate as predominantly performance oriented, who had a moderately negative score on task orientation but a quite strong positive score on maladaptive perfectionism, reported negative relationships with peers in terms of these aspects. They also reported being in conflict with their best soccer friend. The findings suggest that the qualities of motivation have a systematic relationship with peer acceptance and the quality of friendship in male and female youth soccer. 相似文献
3.
Brooke R. Brisbine Julie R. Steele Elissa J. Phillips 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(5):528-533
ABSTRACTAlthough breast pain is problematic for many active women, no published research has investigated breast pain experienced by elite female athletes. This study aimed to examine the extent that mastalgia and exercise-induced breast pain affected the sporting performance of elite female athletes during training and competition. A custom-designed online survey with questions related to sport participation, as well as the frequency, severity and perceived performance effects of mastalgia and exercise-induced breast pain, was distributed to sporting organisations, coaches, medical staff and teams/clubs throughout Australia. Five hundred and forty female athletes competing nationally or internationally across 49 different sports participated in the survey. Sixty-three percent of respondents reported experiencing breast pain associated with their menstrual cycle and 33% reported that this pain worsened during activity. Forty-four percent of athletes reported experiencing exercise-induced breast pain during training or competition. Both types of breast pain were also reported to negatively affect sporting performance (20% and 32%, respectively). Mastalgia associated with the menstrual cycle and exercise-induced breast pain should be acknowledged as potential problems affecting the sporting performance of elite female athletes. Awareness around the impact of breast pain and the development and implementation of breast pain management strategies are essential for this population. 相似文献
4.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the perceived motivational climate, achievement goals, perfectionism and indices of peer relationships in a sample of young male and female Norwegian soccer players. The sample consisted of 1719 experienced soccer players (1231 males, 488 females) aged 12-19 years (mean = 14.9 years) participating in the Norway Cup international youth soccer competition. The players responded to a questionnaire measuring perceived peer acceptance and quality of friendship in soccer, perceived motivational climate, achievement goals and perfectionism in soccer. Canonical correlation analyses revealed that young female players who perceived the motivational climate as predominantly mastery oriented, and who were moderately task oriented and scored negatively on maladaptive perfectionism, reported better relations with their peers in soccer. Constructive peer relations were evident in that they scored positively on companionship with their best friend in soccer; they perceived this friend as being loyal and allowing of free discussion, and they reported being socially accepted by their peers in soccer. Mirroring these findings, young male players who perceived the motivational climate as predominantly performance oriented, who had a moderately negative score on task orientation but a quite strong positive score on maladaptive perfectionism, reported negative relationships with peers in terms of these aspects. They also reported being in conflict with their best soccer friend. The findings suggest that the qualities of motivation have a systematic relationship with peer acceptance and the quality of friendship in male and female youth soccer. 相似文献
5.
Gender differences in the perceived impact that athlete leaders have on team member emotional states
Stewart T. Cotterill Beth G. Clarkson Katrien Fransen 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(10):1181-1185
ABSTRACT Emotional contagion has been recognized as a variable influencing individual behaviour and team functioning. In particular, leaders within the team have been suggested to have a significant impact on their teammates through the expression of their emotions. As a result, the aim of this study was to provide greater insight into how different athlete leaders impact the emotional state of their team members, and whether gender differences existed in these relationships. Participants were 295 university student-athletes (200 male and 95 female) recruited from four universities in the UK. Data were collected in a two-step process. First, a voting/rating procedure was conducted within team to identify dominant task, motivational, social and external leaders. Then, participants completed the emotional contagion subscale of the Measure of Empathetic Tendency to rate the impact different athlete leaders had upon their emotional state. A MANOVA was conducted to explore gender differences in reported emotional susceptibility by leadership role. Subsequent ANOVAs highlighted significant differences between leadership role scores for female participants only. The results suggest that female athletes are more susceptible to emotional influence than male athletes. Furthermore, female athletes experienced a greater variation in the perceived emotional influence of different leadership roles in the team. 相似文献
6.
采用问卷调查、专家访谈、数理统计等方法,对我国优秀运动队九年义务教育的现状、存在的问题及改进措施进行探讨。研究表明:九年义务教育阶段各优秀运动队办学体制不同,缺乏严格的监督机制,使运动员基础文化知识参差不齐,但运动员对学习的渴望在增加;学习内容为全国统编教材或自编教材,采用集中、分散的教学形式,40.70%的运动员不适应教材的内容,31.93%的运动员不能完成大纲的要求;运动员学习与训练的矛盾日益增加;影响运动员学习的主要因素是运动员的主观认识及体育界大环境的影响等。 相似文献
7.
Abstract This paper compares the prevalence of sexual harassment and abuse among 660 Norwegian elite female athletes and an age-matched control sample of non athletes. It also explores differences in the prevalence of harassment and abuse in sport and work or school settings and compares harassment and abuse perpetrated by male authority figures and peers in these different contexts. No differences were found between the athletes and controls in overall prevalence of sexual harassment or abuse. However, the athletes experienced significantly more harassment from male authority figures than did the controls. Based on these results, the article considers whether or not sport offers women any particular immunity from sexual harassment and abuse. The implications of the findings for structural and cultural change in sport are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Vikki Krane Sally R. Ross Montana Miller Kristy Ganoe Cathryn Lucas-Carr Katie Sullivan Barak 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):755-768
Building on previous research in which we provided an opportunity for female college athletes to construct their own photographic portrayals, this study explored young female athletes' perceptions of the college athlete photographs. Fifty-two girls participated in focus group interviews where they viewed and discussed the images. The young athletes particularly liked images they perceived to show authentic athletes (e.g., in athletic settings, with appropriate sport attire), images they could relate to due to personal experiences, and images that reflected competent and passionate sportswomen. Images perceived as revealing a lack of motivation, poor sporting attitudes, and nonathletic poses generally were disliked. Images depicting multiple social identities (e.g., an athlete in a dress) were controversial and generated much discussion. 相似文献
9.
Although previous research has established that high school sports participation may be associated with positive academic outcomes, the parameters of the relationship remain unclear. Using a longitudinal sample of nearly 600 Western New York adolescents, this study examined gender- and race-specific differences in the impact of two dimensions of adolescent athletic involvement ("jock" identity and athlete status) on changes in school grades and school misconduct over a two-year interval. Female and black adolescents who identified themselves as "jocks" reported lower grades than those who did not, whereas female athletes reported higher grades than female nonathletes. Jocks also reported significantly more misconduct (including skipping school, cutting classes, having someone from home called to the school for disciplinary purposes, and being sent to the principal's office) than nonjocks. Gender moderated the relationship between athlete status and school misconduct; athletic participation had a less salutary effect on misconduct for girls than for boys. 相似文献
10.
辽宁省高校高水平运动队发展现状与对策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杨丹 《沈阳体育学院学报》2008,27(6):78-80
运用文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查等研究方法,对辽宁省高校高水平运动队的发展现状进行研究,就运动队的生源质量、经费使用、运动员学习、运动员就业等问题进行了较全面的调查,并就未来高校高水平运动队的发展道路等问题进行探讨。结果表明:辽宁省高校高水平运动队的发展形势不容乐观,高校并没有被赋予承担中国竞技体育发展的历史使命;辽宁省高校高水平运动队经费少、开展的项目少、竞技水平低、运动员等级低、参加竞赛赛事少;运动员就业不理想;各高校为解决运动员学训矛盾所采用的手段没有本质性提高,学训矛盾还将继续存在;辽宁省高校高水平运动队走市场化的道路尚未打开。 相似文献
11.
Richard C. Thelwell Christopher R. D. Wagstaff Michael T. Chapman Göran Kenttä 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(19):1928-1939
This study extends recent coach stress research by evaluating how coaches perceive their stress experiences to affect athletes, and the broader coach–athlete relationship. A total of 12 coaches working across a range of team sports at the elite level took part in semi-structured interviews to investigate the 3 study aims: how they perceive athletes to detect signals of coach stress; how they perceive their stress experiences to affect athletes; and, how effective they perceive themselves to be when experiencing stress. Following content analysis, data suggested that coaches perceived athletes able to detect when they were experiencing stress typically via communication, behavioural, and stylistic cues. Although coaches perceived their stress to have some positive effects on athletes, the overwhelming effects were negative and affected “performance and development”, “psychological and emotional”, and “behavioural and interaction” factors. Coaches also perceived themselves to be less effective when stressed, and this was reflected in their perceptions of competence, self-awareness, and coaching quality. An impactful finding is that coaches are aware of how a range of stress responses are expressed by themselves, and to how they affect athletes, and their coaching quality. Altogether, findings support the emerging view that coach stress affects their own, and athlete performance. 相似文献
12.
Krane V Ross SR Miller M Ganoe K Lucas-Carr C Barak KS 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2011,82(4):755-768
Building on previous research in which we provided an opportunity for female college athletes to construct their own photographic portrayals, this study explored young female athletes' perceptions of the college athlete photographs. Fifty-two girls participated in focus group interviews where they viewed and discussed the images. The young athletes particularly liked images they perceived to show authentic athletes (e.g, in athletic settings, with appropriate sport attire), images they could relate to due to personal experiences, and images that reflected competent and passionate sportswomen. Images perceived as revealing a lack of motivation, poor sporting attitudes, and nonathletic poses generally were disliked. Images depicting multiple social identities (e.g., an athlete in a dress) were controversial and generated much discussion. 相似文献
13.
AbstractMass media play a major role in influencing societal views of female athletes and in shaping the relationship between women and sport. While female athletes historically tend to receive little media coverage, the Olympic Games provide an opportunity to feature sports for both male and female athletes. This paper, guided by critical feminist theory, focuses on televised media’s presentation of female athletes in the 2016 Summer Olympic Games, reporting particularly on the broadcast narrative. Common themes include comparison to male athletes, heterosexualizing female athletes, women as wives and mothers, shaming, and male privilege. The role of production, social media, and female athletes’ perceptions on this presentation are also discussed. 相似文献
14.
目的:探讨青少年运动员公正世界信念、感知教练支持、运动环境公正与运动成绩间关系。方法:采用青少年运动员公正世界信念量表、感知运动环境公正量表、运动员感知教练员社会支持问卷,对946名青少年运动员进行测量,并获取其全年参加市级及以上级别比赛成绩。结果:1)青少年运动员公正世界信念、感知教练支持、感知运动环境公正、运动成绩彼此间显著相关;2)感知教练支持、感知运动环境公正在青少年运动员公正世界信念和运动成绩间起链式中介作用,其效应值为0.05,占总效应的13.9%。结论:青少年运动员公正世界信念能通过感知教练支持和感知运动环境公正的链式中介作用间接影响运动成绩。 相似文献
15.
对我国运动人才培养模式的探讨 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
针对目前我国运动人才的培养模式和退役后就业困难的现状,建议各地体育部门要以为国家培养运动人才为根本和出发点,对运动员进行科学选才和科学训练,加强运动员文化等综合素质教育,改变目前体校办学方式,走联建高校运动队的发展方向,运动人才培养大学化. 相似文献
16.
体育运动影响健康性别角色的调查研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用贝姆性别角色问卷(BSRI)对专业运动员与普通大学生的性别角色类型进行调查,结果发现:男运动员与男大学生在各种性别角色类型均无显著差异,男运动员具有男性特征人数与男大学生相比无显著差异.女运动员双性化人数与女大学生相比有显著差异.男运动员恰当定型的人数要明显多于女运动员,而女运动员双性化人数则显著多于男运动员.性别角色类型在不同运动等级条件下无显著差异.说明体育运动可以改善人们的性别角色,有利于健康性别角色的形成;更有利于女性形成健康的性别角色;体育运动水平对健康性别角色的形成不构成影响. 相似文献
17.
Luke F. Olsson Andrew P. Hill Daniel J. Madigan George Woodley 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(6):669-675
ABSTRACTInitial research suggests that parental perfectionism is central to the development of athlete perfectionism. However, it is unclear whether perceived or actual parental perfectionism is most important. The present study aimed to address this issue in two ways. First, we re-examined the predictive ability of actual versus perceived parental perfectionism on athlete perfectionism. Second, for the first time, we tested whether perceived parental perfectionism mediated the relationship between actual parental perfectionism and athlete perfectionism. A sample of 150 junior athletes and their parents completed measures of perfectionism (perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns). Junior athletes completed two measures, one of their own perfectionism and one of perceptions of their parents’ perfectionism. Parents completed one measure of their own perfectionism. Regression analyses showed that perceived parental perfectionism predicted athlete perfectionism over and above actual parental perfectionism. Mediation analyses provided support for our proposed model. Overall, the findings suggest that both actual and perceived parental perfectionism are important in the development of perfectionism in junior athletes. 相似文献
18.
在“数字体育”背景下,运动员数据处理成为现代体育发展的关键。运动员个人数据的数据主体和数据控制者之间的权利义务分配是运动员数据处理的基础。数据主体权利的扩张和数据控制者义务的强化是《中华人民共和国民法典》和《通用数据保护条例》所遵循的基本价值导向。运动员数据处理的具体建构还应在体育领域行业化和特殊化基础上,遵循合法公平透明原则、目的限制原则、数据最小化原则、准确性原则、存储有限化原则、完整和保密原则,以此厘清运动员和数据控制者在运动员数据处理中的权利义务关系,保障运动员的数据权益。 相似文献
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20.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):115-126
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether quality of self-determined motivation at the start of the competitive season in elite athletes and symptoms of overtraining can predict athlete burnout propensity at the end of the season. The participants were 141 elite winter sport athletes. In September, at the beginning of the season, the athletes responded to a self-determined motivation questionnaire, while they answered questions assessing overtraining symptoms and burnout in March, at the end of the season. Findings indicated that self-determined motivation and symptoms of overtraining were negatively and positively linked respectively to dimensions of athlete burnout. The results suggest that self-determined motivation and symptoms of overtraining are both independently linked to signs of burnout in elite athletes and that although no moderating effect was found, pairing self-determined motivation with symptoms of overtraining increased the prediction of burnout in athletes at the end of the season. Our findings are in line with those of recent research (Cresswell & Eklund, 2005; Lemyre, Treasure, & Roberts, 2006) and support a motivational approach to study burnout in elite athletes. 相似文献