共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 328 毫秒
1.
郑淑杰 《内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2005,34(4):39-43
笔者考察了176名4岁儿童的实验室自由游戏活动,将其中的68名鉴别为行为退缩儿童,并进一步区分为3个亚类型。对7岁儿童通过观察和问卷等方式收集他们的同伴关系、问题行为方面的数据。回归分析结果表明,4岁儿童的退缩行为不能单独预测其7岁时存在的问题行为,在3个退缩行为子变量中,退缩子分数2(单独建构和单独探索)是一个反应儿童退缩行为的敏感变量。 相似文献
2.
利用张文新修订的Olweus欺负问卷、陈欣银等人修订的儿童社会行为量表、社会提名法等对827名中小学生进行测查,考察中小学生受欺负的状况,及与其行为表现、同伴关系之间关系.结果发现:(1)总体而言,中小学生受欺负的发生率比较高,且相当稳定;(2)中小学生受欺负与同伴接纳显著负相关,与同伴拒绝显著正相关,即儿童受欺负频次越高,其同伴接纳越少,同伴拒绝越多;(3)在中小学中,儿童的社会行为在儿童受欺负对同伴关系的影响中起部分中介作用.受欺负频次通过社会行为中的攻击行为和羞怯-退缩行为间接地影响同伴关系. 相似文献
3.
同伴侵害是个体遭受同伴攻击的经历,已有研究主要关注学龄儿童的同伴侵害现象,较少考察幼儿阶段的同伴侵害问题.本研究采用教师评定和母亲评定的方法考察了幼儿阶段同伴侵害的发生特点以及同伴侵害与内化问题行为之间的关系.结果表明,同伴侵害是3～5岁儿童中普遍存在的现象,受侵害者与一般儿童相比具有更多的抑郁、社交退缩以及体诉等内化问题. 相似文献
4.
幼儿同伴关系发展特点与教育 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
同伴关系既是儿童社会化的内容,也是儿童社会化的重要途径.幼儿期是同伴关系开始发展的时期,此时期儿童同伴关系的发展对儿童日后社会性发展具有重要影响.本研究采用同伴提名法对93名小中大班幼儿进行了研究,结果表明:(1)随着年龄增长,幼儿同伴关系的选择性逐渐增强,(2)幼儿期存在明显的同性别交往倾向,(3)随着年龄增长,幼儿的评价标准逐渐统一,由主观盲目向客观标准转变.因此,教师要注重幼儿同伴关系的培养,帮助幼儿发展社会交往技能.要注意帮助幼儿学习:(1)与其他小伙伴主动接触,(2)维持积极的关系,(3)合理解决冲突. 相似文献
5.
以生态系统理论为视角,考察了环境对儿童社会退缩行为的影响.生态系统中的各个子系统都以各自不同的方式对儿童的社会退缩行为产生不同的影响.在微系统中,对儿童社会退缩行为影响较大的为家庭生态系统(亲子互动、教养方式)和班级生态系统,其中班级生态系统又可细分为同伴互动子系统(同伴接纳、同伴拒绝及同伴欺负)和师生互动子系统(教师的移情、关怀和亲社会行为).在宏系统中,文化模式和文化态度对儿童社会退缩行为具有重要影响.未来的研究应该更关注中系统和外系统的影响,考察微系统的动态变化以及制定系统的干预措施. 相似文献
6.
利用张文新修订的Olweus欺负问卷、简版的Coopersmith自尊问卷,以及焦虑量表、孤独感量表、压抑量表对827名中小学生进行测查,考察中小学生欺负/受欺负的状况,及与其同伴关系、自尊、心理健康之间的关系。结果发现:(1)总体而言,中小学欺负的发生率比较高,且相当稳定;(2)卷入欺负的儿童,无论是欺负者、受欺负者还是欺负/受欺负者都比一般儿童存在更多的心理精神症状。(3)在中小学中,同伴关系在儿童欺负问题对其自尊和心理健康的影响中起部分中介作用。儿童受欺负通过同伴接纳和同伴拒绝间接地影响儿童的自尊和心理健康。 相似文献
7.
研究者采用两种方法研究社交退缩儿童的社会信息加工特点,发现不同类型的社交退缩儿童的社会信息加工有不同,和正常儿童有区别,且受到性别、同伴关系、情绪的影响。根据已有的研究提出了方法上的不足。 相似文献
8.
越来越多的研究表明,同伴对儿童发展的影响至关重要,缺乏同伴互动经验的儿童发展状况欠佳,具有近期和长期的适应问题。游戏是幼儿最基本也是最重要的同伴交往活动。因此,如何解决幼儿在游戏中的退缩行为是解决幼儿退缩行为的一个突破口。本文将就这方面做一些探讨。 相似文献
9.
采用问卷与同伴提名相结合的方法,以班级为单位对440名4～6年级小学生冲突解决策略的发展特点及相关影响因素进行研究。结果表明：（1）4～6年级小学生冲突解决策略的发展存在显著的年龄差异,其发展趋势是随着年龄的增长而越加成熟;儿童同伴冲突解决策略的发展存在性别差异。（2）4～6年级小学生的人格维度与儿童同伴冲突策略存在显著相关,方差分析结果表明,人格对儿童同伴冲突解决策略有影响;儿童同伴冲突解决的5个策略中的问题解决策略和外倾化策略与不同同伴关系类型的儿童存在显著差异,同伴关系类型对其有着明显的影响。（3）在冲突解决策略的问题解决维度上,同伴关系类型与人格中的自我意识的交互作用显著。 相似文献
10.
浅谈社会技能训练—— 一种改善儿童同伴关系的方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
同伴关系是人际关系的重要组成部分,在儿童的社会化中起着成人无法取代的重要作用。积极的同伴关系有利于儿童社会价值的获得、社会技能的培养以及认知和人格的健康发展;而同伴关系不良将容易导致儿童孤僻、冷漠、退缩、压抑等心理障碍,使他们适应社会困难、甚至出现反... 相似文献
11.
王文 《内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011,40(2):135-138
为了考察小学生社会性适应的性别差异,研究选取小学二至六年级的儿童作为被试。采用修订的班级戏剧问卷和同伴提名法对儿童的积极社会行为、攻击冒犯行为、敏感退缩行为、师生关系和同伴接纳程度进行评定。结果发现：在社会行为上,女生表现出更多的积极社会行为和敏感退缩行为,男生则表现出较多的攻击冒犯行为。在师生关系上,女生更容易与教师建立亲密的关系,男生更易与教师建立冲突和依赖的关系。在同伴接纳上,女生受欢迎程度更高、男生受拒绝程度更高。 相似文献
12.
本研究选取长春市8所学校的1 527名大、中、小学生为被试,通过自编问卷（性别观念调查问卷）对他们在学校领域、家庭领域、职业领域的性别平等意识进行了调查。结果表明：（1）在发展趋势上,小学生性别平等意识较低,中学阶段性别平等意识有所提高,但在大学阶段又重现下降趋势;（2）在性别差异方面,在各学段女生的性别平等意识显著高于男生,女生性别平等意识初中阶段最强,男生性别平等意识高中阶段最强;（3）在不同领域中,被试在职业领域的性别平等意识最低,家庭和学校领域的性别平等意识显著高于职业领域。根据研究结果,对性别平等教育提出了建议,指出小学和大学阶段是性别平等教育的重要时期,男生群体尤其需要性别平等意识的教育,职业领域的性别平等问题应成为教育重点。 相似文献
13.
OBJECTIVE: The aims of the present study were to investigate (1) whether young children with a known history of maltreatment by caregivers have more problematic peer relationships and classroom behaviors than other children, and (2) if children's behaviors with peers mediated associations between maltreatment and children's problem peer relations. METHOD: Participants included 400 young children (ages 4-8, M age=6.6), and 24 teachers in 22 schools. Six percent of children had a known history of maltreatment. Multiple methods (ratings and nominations) and reporters (children and teachers) were utilized to obtain information on peer relationships. Teachers reported children's physical/verbal aggression, and withdrawn and prosocial behaviors. RESULTS: Young children were able to nominate and rate whom they liked versus disliked in their classes, and their reports were modestly correlated with teacher reports. Regardless of the reporter, maltreated children were significantly more disliked, physically/verbally aggressive, withdrawn, and less prosocial, compared with their classmates. Among all children, physical/verbal aggression, withdrawal, and prosocial behavior were associated independently with some aspect of peer status. Maltreatment had indirect associations with peer likeability and peer rejection via maltreated children's relatively higher levels of physical/verbal aggression and, in some cases, withdrawal and relatively lower prosocial behavior. Maltreatment had an indirect association with teacher-reported peer acceptance via children's withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indirectly associate early family experiences with problems in peer relationships, especially lower peer likeability and more rejection, via children's behaviors with peers. The finding that linkages exist even in the very earliest years of school highlights the need for very early home- or school-based efforts focused on improving behavior and relationships of maltreated children and others children with similar profiles. 相似文献
14.
Kenneth A Dodge Mark T Greenberg Patrick S Malone Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group 《Child development》2008,79(6):1907-1927
A dynamic cascade model of development of serious adolescent violence was proposed and tested through prospective inquiry with 754 children (50% male; 43% African American) from 27 schools at 4 geographic sites followed annually from kindergarten through Grade 11 (ages 5–18). Self, parent, teacher, peer, observer, and administrative reports provided data. Partial least squares analyses revealed a cascade of prediction and mediation: An early social context of disadvantage predicts harsh–inconsistent parenting, which predicts social and cognitive deficits, which predicts conduct problem behavior, which predicts elementary school social and academic failure, which predicts parental withdrawal from supervision and monitoring, which predicts deviant peer associations, which ultimately predicts adolescent violence. Findings suggest targets for in‐depth inquiry and preventive intervention. 相似文献
15.
This article examines social integration of deaf children in inclusive settings in The Netherlands. Eighteen Grade 1-5 deaf children and their 344 hearing classmates completed 2 sociometric tasks, peer ratings and peer nomination, to measure peer acceptance, social competence, and friendship relations. Deaf and hearing children were found to be similar in their peer acceptance and friendship relations, but differences occurred in social competence. Deaf children scored lower than hearing children on prosocial behavior and higher on socially withdrawn behavior. Structural equation modeling showed peer acceptance, social competence, and friendship relations to be stable over time, and the structure of interrelations between variables at 2 measurements were found to be the same for deaf and hearing participants. 相似文献
16.
Jantine L. Spilt Pol A. C. van Lier Geertje Leflot Patrick Onghena Hilde Colpin 《Child development》2014,85(3):1248-1256
This study aimed to understand how relationships with peers and teachers contribute to the development of internalizing problems via children's social self‐concept. The sample included 570 children aged 7 years 5 months (SD = 4.6 months). Peer nominations of peer rejection, child‐reported social self‐concept, and teacher‐reported internalizing problems were assessed longitudinally in the fall and spring of Grades 2 and 3. Teacher reports of support to the child were assessed in Grade 2. Results showed that peer rejection impeded children's social self‐concept, which in turn affected the development of internalizing problems. Partial support was found for individual (but not classroom‐level) teacher support to buffer the adverse effects of peer problems on children's self‐concept, thereby mitigating its indirect effects on internalizing problems. 相似文献
17.
《Early childhood research quarterly》2005,20(2):185-200
Children who think poorly about themselves are considered at-risk for a myriad of negative outcomes. Thus, it is important to explore possible origins of such cognitions, particularly in young children. The purpose of this study was to examine the relations between various nonsocial behaviors (i.e., reticence and social withdrawal), observed peer acceptance at ages 4 and 7 years, and self-perceptions at age 7 years in both boys and girls, respectively.Participants included 163 children (89 females, 74 males) who were seen at age 4 and then again at age 7 years. For girls, results revealed that nonsocial behavior (both reticence and solitary-passive withdrawal) was negatively related to observed peer acceptance at both ages 4 and 7, and peer acceptance, as early as 4 years of age, was found to influence self-perceptions of competence at age 7 years. For boys, results revealed that (a) reticence at age 7 predicted negatively to perceived peer acceptance, perceived physical and perceived cognitive competence at age 7 years, (b) solitary-passive withdrawal at age 4 predicted positive cognitive self-perceptions at age 7, and (c) solitary-passive withdrawal at age 7 predicted negatively to perceived peer acceptance and perceived physical competence at age 7 years. 相似文献
18.
Children's Relationships with Peers: Differential Associations with Aspects of the Teacher-Child Relationship 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Associations between children's social competence with peers and differential aspects of their teacher-child relationships were examined in a longitudinal sample of 48 4-year-old children enrolled in child care as infants. Toddler security with teacher was negatively associated with hostile aggression and positively with complex peer play and gregarious behaviors. Prosocial behaviors and withdrawing behaviors were associated with preschool security with teacher. Dependence on teachers as a preschooler was associated with social withdrawal and hostile aggression. Positive toddler teacher socialization was associated with higher perceived peer acceptance. Preschool teacher negative socialization was negatively associated with complex peer play, teacher ratings of hesitancy, friendly enactment, and accidental attribution and positively related to teacher ratings of difficulty. 相似文献
19.
Variable effects of children's aggression,social withdrawal,and prosocial leadership as functions of teacher beliefs and behaviors 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Chang L 《Child development》2003,74(2):535-548
Teachers' beliefs about aggressive and withdrawn behaviors in the classrooms and teachers' overall caring and support of students were hypothesized to influence the relations between these classroom behaviors and peer acceptance and self-perceived social competence. These hypotheses were tested in a sample of 82 middle school classes consisting of 4,650 students ages 13 to 16. The results suggest that teachers' aversion to aggression and empathy toward withdrawal enhanced the self-perceptions of both aggressive and withdrawn children and enforced peer rejection of aggression but not of social withdrawal. Teacher warmth had similar effects. Prosocial leadership had a positive social impact among students independent of teacher beliefs. These findings are discussed in an attempt to reconceptualize children's social behaviors and peer status. 相似文献
20.
The present study sought to determine the relative contributions of two aspects of school adjustment to children’s academic progress. We asked if social integration and persistence of effort mediate effects of preschool academic skills, peer problems, and disruptive behavior on Grade 4 achievement. Results based on a German sample of children from preschool to Grade 4 (N = 526) indicated that persistence of effort in Grade 1 but not social integration predicted later achievement. Preschool disruptive behaviors were associated with lower levels of persistence. Peer problems negatively predicted social integration. Results showed further that students who entered school with stronger math skills were more likely to persist in academic tasks and to be socially well-integrated. Persistence mediated the total effect of preschool math skills on both Grade 4 math (22%) and reading (54%) achievement. The findings substantiate the mediating role of persistence on academic trajectories over the elementary years. 相似文献