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1.
Following interaction with a “demonstrator” rat, an “observer” rat prefers that diet eaten by its demonstrator prior to their interaction (Galef & Wigmore, 1983). The present series of studies demonstrates that such demonstrator influence on observer diet preference can be found in: (1) first-generation laboratory bred wild rats as well as domesticated rats, (2) food-deprived as well as nondeprived observers, (3) unfamiliar as well as familiar demonstrator-observer pairs, (4) both 21-day-old and adult observers, and (5) rats selecting fluids as well as solids for ingestion. These data indicate that the social transmission of information concerning distant diets is a general and robust phenomenon, observable under a wide variety of experimental conditions. 相似文献
2.
Gaziel Haim 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2003,49(5):475-486
The purpose of the present study is to identify how school principals perceive their world and how their perceptions influence their effectiveness as managers and leaders. The principals' views of their world were categorised into four different metaphorical ways of describing the workings of organisations: (1) the structural model (organisations as machines); (2) the human-resource model (organisations as organisms); (3) the political model (organisations as political systems); (4) the symbolic model (organisations as cultural patterns and clusters of myths and symbols). The results reveal that the best predictors of school principals' effectiveness as managers, according to their own assessments and teachers' reports, are the structural and human resource models, while the best predictors of effective leadership are the political and human-resource models. 相似文献
3.
新型咪唑啉两性表面活性剂的合成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李明 《楚雄师范学院学报》2002,17(3):71-72
以十二醇双氧乙烯基乙酸为原料，与二乙三胺反应合成了咪唑啉环，进而合成了乙酸盐型咪唑啉两性表面活性剂，测定了其水溶液的表面张力，起泡性能，临界胶束浓度，讨论了反应条件对表面活性剂性能的影响。 相似文献
4.
论地方高校学科建设的基本点 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
学科建设包括学科方向、学术梯队、研究基地、科学研究、学科管理和人才培养等基本要素.对于学科而言,学科方向是增长点,学术梯队是主体,研究基地是载体,科学研究是动力,学科管理是保障,人才培养和社会服务是最终目的.地方性高校应把握学科建设的基本点,通过加强学科建设来提高教学质量和人才培养质量. 相似文献
5.
Eva Thanheiser 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2010,75(3):241-251
This study was designed to investigate preservice elementary school teachers’ (PSTs’) responses to written standard place-value-operation
tasks (addition and subtraction). Previous research established that PSTs can often perform but not explain algorithms and
provided a four-category framework for PSTs’ conceptions, two correct and two incorrect. Previous findings are replicated
for PSTs toward the end of their college careers, and two conceptions are further analyzed to yield three categories of incorrect
views of regrouped digits: (a) consistently as 1 value (all as 1 or all as 10), (b) consistently within but not across contexts
(i.e., all as 10 in addition but all as 1 in subtraction), and (c) inconsistently (depending on the task). 相似文献
6.
Preserving the Past: An Early Interview Improves Delayed Event Memory in Children With Intellectual Disabilities 
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下载免费PDF全文 The influence of an early interview on children's (N = 194) later recall of an experienced event was examined in children with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities (CWID; 7–12 years) and typically developing (TD) children matched for chronological (7–12 years) or mental (4–9 years) age. Children previously interviewed were more informative, more accurate, and less suggestible. CWID (mild) recalled as much information as TD mental age matches, and were as accurate as TD chronological age matches. CWID (moderate) recalled less than TD mental age matches but were as accurate. Interviewers should elicit CWID's recall as early as possible and consider developmental level and severity of impairments when evaluating eyewitness testimony. 相似文献
7.
Simon Larose 《Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning》2013,21(2):150-174
In my study, mentors matched with college mentees evaluated their self-efficacy nine times, during their participation in an academic mentoring program. Three distinct groups emerged as follows: (a) mentors who perceived themselves as moderately efficient throughout the mentoring relationship (the moderate stable (MS) group), (b) mentors who considered themselves moderately efficient at the beginning of the match, and increasingly so as the relationship progressed (the increasing (IN) group), and (c) mentors who perceived themselves as very efficient at the beginning of the match, but who subsequently experienced slight fluctuations of their self-efficacy (the high unstable (HU) group). Several personal and experiential factors such as the mentors’ sensitivity to distress and the mentees’ parental autonomy support predicted the likelihood of belonging to the IN or HU groups (as opposed to the MS group). These findings are interpreted according to the premises of the self-efficacy theory. Implications for mentor selection and training are discussed. 相似文献
8.
主要运用排比归纳法,把《中国古代孤本小说》作为主要语料,做词语札记五则:整整有条、热亲亲、樕醄、定情、厥物,补正《汉语大词典》等辞书词条(含义项)漏收、释义不确等方面的阙失。 相似文献
9.
Marian K. Magid 《Clearing house (Menasha, Wis.)》2013,86(4):157-159
Teaching with film is a powerful and meaningful instructional strategy. This article discusses five classroom-tested methods for teaching with film: (1) film as a visual textbook, (2) film as a depicter of atmosphere, (3) film as an analogy, (4) film as a historiography, and (5) film as a springboard. Each of the methods discussed includes examples of a variety of films that could be used, along with suggested focus questions and conversation topics. Furthermore, this article discusses relevant legal issues surrounding the use of film in the classroom. 相似文献
10.
H. Bahadir Yanik 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2011,78(2):231-260
This article reports an analysis of 44 prospective middle school mathematics teachers’ pre-existing knowledge of rigid geometric
transformations, specifically the geometric translations. The main data source for this study was the participants’ responses
to the tasks that were presented during semi-structured clinical interviews. The findings of the study revealed that prospective
teachers had difficulties recognizing, describing, executing, and representing geometric translations. The results indicated
that teacher candidates held various views about the geometric translations: (1) translation as rotational motion, (2) translation
as translational motion, and (3) translation as mapping. The results further revealed various interpretations of the vector
that defines translations: (1) vector as a force, (2) vector as a line of symmetry, (3) vector as a direction indicator, and
(4) vector as a displacement. Although many of the teacher candidates interviewed knew that a vector has a magnitude and a
direction, this knowledge did not generally lead them to conclude that vectors define translations. 相似文献
11.
12.
This study delves into the different roles that elementary science teachers play in the classroom to orchestrate science learning opportunities for students. Examining the classroom practices of three elementary science teachers in Singapore, we found that teachers shuttle between four key roles in enabling student learning in science. Teachers can play the role of (1) dispenser of knowledge (giver), (2) mentor of learning (advisor), (3) monitor of students’ activities (police), and (4) partner in inquiry (colearner). These roles are dynamic, and while teachers show a preference for one of the four roles, factors such as the nature of the task, the types of students, as well as the availability of time and resources affect the role that teachers adopt. The roles that teachers play in the classroom have implications for the practice of science as inquiry in the classroom as well as the identities that teachers and students form in the science learning process. 相似文献
13.
Field dependence–independence (FDI) has long been conceptualized and discussed as a cognitive style relevant to numerous educational
approaches and outcomes. However, the FDI construct is most often measured as a cognitive ability, as opposed to a style,
using instruments such as the Group-Embedded Figures test (GEFT) or the Hidden Figures Test (HFT). Specifically, FDI is typically
measured as visuospatial ability and executive functioning in working memory. While measurement and use of FDI within psychological
and educational research has often resulted in misleading or inconsistent discussion about cognitive styles, this review examines
how the long history of FDI research continues to be relevant to contemporary instructional contexts. A broader recognition
of FDI as ability is suggested in order to (a) better distinguish ability measurements from those of styles, (b) encourage
a reinterpretation and awareness of theoretical connections among past studies that use instruments such as GEFT or HFT, and
(c) highlight suggestions for future research and application, particularly with contemporary interactive multimedia learning
tools. 相似文献
14.
Jan Steutel 《Sex education》2013,13(1):49-62
Constitutive of the prevalent sexual morality in most Western European countries is the liberal principle of mutual consent (PMC). This sociological fact may give rise to the ethical question as to whether or not the state has the right to make sure that its citizens will observe PMC, among other ways by prescribing some form of sex education which has PMC as its moral content. With reference to the ambiguity of the term ‘morally permissible’, it is argued that PMC can be interpreted in two fundamentally different ways, namely, as the freedom to arrange one's sexual life according to one's own values and preferences (PMC(a)) or as the view that consensual sex is morally all right or morally unobjectionable (PMC(b)). The claim is defended that PMC(a) should be taken as part of the public morality, whereas PMC(b) should be seen as a private morality. Accordingly, the state has the right to take PMC(a) as a basis for its educational policy, but the state is not allowed to prescribe any form of sex education that has PMC(b) as its moral content. The importance of the distinction between PMC(a) and PMC(b) is shown by giving an evaluation of the Dutch state's responses to recent public statements of orthodox religious leaders about the moral status of homosexuality. Also on the basis of this distinction, the central differences between liberal orthodox and fundamentalist orthodox religious views on sexuality and the role of the state are pointed out. In this connection, it is argued that any view which takes PMC(b) as part of the public morality should be disavowed as a kind of ‘liberal funda‐ mentalism’. 相似文献
15.
牟晓明 《连云港师范高等专科学校学报》2007,(4):4-6
当前普通话语音的规范化情况不容乐观,不符合规范的读音经常出现在广播电视和老百姓的口中,给普通话的普及、提高带来极大的负面影响.文章结合广播电视、人民群众的实际运用情况,对一些经常读错、容易读错的字词进行分析,以不影响交际为原则,提出规范意见,以利于普通话的学习、应用,提高普通话的规范化水平. 相似文献
16.
Gilli Shama 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1998,35(3):255-281
This paper presents a two phase investigation of how Israeli students (grades 3 to 12) understand the concept of periodicity. Qualitative study, including classroom observations, as well as interviews with students and with teachers, was performed as a first phase. Quantitative study, including a survey of 895 eleventh grade students, was performed as a second phase. Students' errors in relating to non-periodic phenomena and to non-periodic function as periodic, as well as their period preferment, were revealed in both phases and were classified. The evidence supports the claim that students understand periodicity as a process. The students' errors and preferences are discussed with reference to two frameworks: (1) the understanding of periodicity as a process, (2) the Gestalt theory. 相似文献
17.
Seymour Kleinman 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(1):93-96
The aims and values of Olympism are briefly examined. Sport is then described as an inherently worthwhile practice, concemed with its own goals, standards, and traditions. The place of sport in relation to education and the curriculum is discussed, and the role of the teacher of sport as “educator” is clarified by reference to four points: (a) the teacher as an initiator into and as a guardian of the practice view of sport; (b) the teacher as an enlightened leader of discussion; (c) the teacher as a provider of individual pastoral care; and (d) the teacher as exemplar of the values to which a commitment has been made. The final section is concemed with the relationship between Olympism and sport as a form of education. 相似文献
18.
Growing and developing as a university researcher 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gerlese S. Åkerlind 《Higher Education》2008,55(2):241-254
While there is a substantial body of literature on academics’ development as teachers, investigation of their development
as researchers post-PhD is rare. This study undertook an investigation of academics’ ways of understanding their own growth
and development as a university researcher. Four qualitatively different ways of understanding research development emerged:
(1) Becoming confident as a researcher; (2) Becoming recognised as a researcher; (3) Becoming more productive as a researcher;
and (4) Becoming more sophisticated as a researcher. The first category of development was seen as most relevant to the early
stages of an academic career, when doing a PhD or during one’s first academic appointment, but may also re-occur at later
stages of a career during changes in research direction, etc. The last three categories are seen as relevant to all career
stages, including more advanced stages as well as the early stages of a research career. Comparisons between academics’ ways
of understanding their growth and development as a university researcher and as a university teacher are also presented. 相似文献
19.
In this study, we examined whether socio‐motivational relationships, such as student–student relationships (SSR) and teacher–student relationships (TSR), as well as peers as positive motivators (PPM) and teachers as positive motivators (TPM), would mediate the association of both perceived stress and neuroticism with test anxiety in 1,088 German students from grades seven and eight. Results from structural equation modeling revealed that a high quality of SSR mediated the relationship between neuroticism and test anxiety, which was not the case for TSR. Furthermore, both PPM and TPM acted as mediators in all hypothesized associations. Interestingly, although a high quality of SSR mitigated feelings of test anxiety, PPM and TPM intensified test anxiety in neurotic students. The role of social relationships as protective factors as well as risk factors is discussed, as are the implications of the findings for educators, school psychologists, and teachers. 相似文献
20.
Thomas F. Weiss Giancarlo Trevisan Elana B. Doering Devang M. Shah David Huang Scott I. Berkenblit 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》1992,1(4):259-274
We describe a software library that we have developed to teach biophysics and physiology to undergraduate engineering and science students as well as to medical students. The library, which is under development, now includes software on: (1) the Hodgkin-Huxley model for excitation of action potentials in electrically excitable cells (such as nerve and muscle cells); (2) a random-walk model of diffusion; (3) single voltage-gated ion channels; (4) steady-state chemically mediated transport; and (5) macroscopic diffusion processes. The software is used in a variety of ways: as an integral part of lectures, as the basis of special sessions held in electronic classrooms, as a source of homework assignments, and for special projects defined by the students. We describe the software and some of the pedagogic methods we have used. 相似文献