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1.
英国从1986年开始实行高校科研评估,四到五年进行一次,已经在1986、1989、1992、1996和2001年进行了5次,即将进行第6次评估。英国的高校科研评估从研究成果、研究环境、受同行尊重方面对高校的科研水平进行评估,评估结果与拨款直接挂钩。高校科研评估对英国高等教育发展产生了很大影响,既有正面的也有负面的。通过对英国高校科研评估提出的背景、内容、过程、指标和标准等方面进行较为全面的分析,研究揭示了英国高校科研评估的优缺点,以及对我国开展高校科研评估的借鉴意义. 相似文献
2.
Ratings in the Research Assessment Exercise 2001 – the Patterns of University Status and Panel Membership 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ratings awarded to university departments in the UK Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) 2001 were analysed to determine whether they were influenced either by the status of the university (pre‐1992 or post‐1992) or by whether the university was represented on the panel that determined the ratings. There was little evidence that panel membership has any effect on ratings, but an analysis of covariance also showed that, among universities not on the panel, pre‐1992 universities were more favourably assessed, relative to post‐1992 universities, than would be expected on the basis of their ratings in the 1996 RAE. This finding, along with the preponderance of pre‐1992 universities on all panels (even those where the majority of the research is conducted by post‐1992 universities), is used to urge strongly that in future RAEs, panel membership should be made much more representative of higher education in general and of the institutions submitting the research considered by each panel in particular. 相似文献
3.
The modernisation of research evaluation: The case of the UK 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
Mary Henkel 《Higher Education》1999,38(1):105-122
The Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), first established by the UK University Grants Committee in 1985 has been an important instrument in the modernisation of higher education in the UK. It is a means of rationalising the stratification of universities and the concentration of research resources, and of maximising research output. At the same time, while its operation remains substantially under professional control, it has had profound implications for the academic profession. The article explores these through analysing the workings of the RAE and its consequences for higher education institutions, departments and individuals. It suggests that the RAE has triggered substantial changes in the management of the research function in universities and in the culture of university departments. It has disturbed the web of relationship between the individual academic, the discipline, the department and the institution. It has impacted on individual professional identities and concepts of research responsibilities. 相似文献
4.
英国大学科研评估创新与发展的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了加强政府科研拨款的选择性和透明度,提高其使用效率,英国大学科研评估应运而生。在其实施的20多年间,科研评估活动根据时代发展做出创新与调整,因此对英国大学、学系和研究人员都产生了巨大的影响。主要体现在:大学的研究质量普遍提高,出现了资源"集聚效应"和"管理文化",学系和研究人员等都对科研评估活动作出积极反应。而对科研评估活动的创新与发展进行回顾并总结其影响是全面解读该评估的关键。 相似文献
5.
《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(1):69-74
abstract This article examines the outcome of the 1996 research assessment exercise (RAE) both within the context of the exercise itself and through a comparison with the 1992 RAE. The analysis is undertaken at the institutional, rather than subject discipline, level utilising the average weighted rating point achieved by those members of the Committee of Vice‐Chancellors and Principals who participated in both selectivity exercises. The main findings from this study are that a clear difference remains evident between old and new universities with only one institution bridging the gap of the two sectors. However, none of the new universities occupy the lowest point on the rating scale as had previously occurred. An overall increase in the rating point appears to have been achieved with the submission of a smaller percentage of staff, although a positive relationship is revealed between these two indicators suggesting that this remains a questionable policy manoeuvre to improve ratings. Finally, the longitudinal analysis indicates that the old universities witnessed a net decline in rating point whilst the new universities enjoyed a considerable average rate of growth in their ratings thereby facilitating the speculative calculation of convergence between the two sectors at the institutional level. The article concludes with a brief discussion concerning the efficacy of the proposed options for distribution of research monies in relation to the maintenance of a unified higher education (HE) sector. 相似文献
6.
学科是大学的根基和细胞,是否拥有世界一流学科很大程度影响到一所大学能否成为世界一流。通过研究泰晤士高等教育、上海交通大学世界一流大学研究中心、美国新闻和世界报道、德国高等教育研究中心等机构发布的大学排行榜,观察其学科评价的异同,就如何客观、科学地评价世界一流学科进行学理探讨,进而针对其中存在的问题,如学科宽度和广度、学科国际地位、研究原创性、学科平衡等作些思考。 相似文献
7.
Kristy L. Smith 《High Ability Studies》2013,24(2):171-184
The relative age effect (RAE) suggests that athletes may be provided with greater opportunities for success depending on the position of their birthdate in a sport’s selection year. While the effect has been well established in men’s sports, less is known about women’s sports. This study examined the RAE in developmental girls’ hockey in Ontario. Relative age, player position, age division, and level of play were provided by the Ontario Women’s Hockey Association for 36,555 registrants. Older players were over-represented, and younger players under-represented across all age divisions and levels of play. This suggests that the RAE is present in developmental girls’ hockey, the magnitude of which varies with level of play and player position. 相似文献
8.
Research Selectivity and Female Academics in UK Universities: from gentleman's club and barrack yard to smart macho? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
SANDRA HARLEY 《Gender and education》2003,15(4):377-392
This article reports the findings of survey data designed to explore the perceived impact of research selectivity (in the form of the Research Assessment Exercise [RAE]) on academic work in UK universities and examines their implications for women academics and gendered cultures in the light of recent writing on the position of women in UK academia. If at least part of women's disadvantage in the academic labour market is to be explained by their invisibility in predominantly ‘masculinist’ institutions, then it is possible that an institutional emphasis on research productivity combined with explicit, independent and standardised monitoring and evaluation of research output might render visible research contributions hitherto overlooked by male-dominated institutional hierarchies. However, the findings would indicate that whilst it might very well be in the short-term interests of some well-placed women (and men) ‘to play the RAE game on alien terms and win’, in the long term the RAE treadmill is unlikely to create either the institutional space or the cultural will to advantage a broad range of women academics as an occupational group. 相似文献
9.
严明贵 《江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2008,41(1):139-143
英语专业四级考试（TEM4）是检验英语专业基础阶段教学的一种手段。通过对150名地方普通高校英语专业学生的问卷调查和10位教师的访谈,探讨TEM4对教学行为双方所起的或积极或消极的影响,并对现行TEM4进行思考,这对搞好地方普通高校的英语专业教学有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
10.
车辆工程专业英语是车辆工程专业本科学生的一门必修课程,高等学校开展专业英语教学对于培养复合型人才具有重要的现实意义。针对目前教学过程中存在的一些不足之处,对高校车辆工程专业英语教学方法进行初步探讨。这些教学方法的尝试已在车辆工程专业英语教学实践中取得较为明显的效果。 相似文献
11.
Julian Hamann 《Higher Education》2016,72(6):761-779
Far from allowing a governance of universities by the invisible hand of market forces, research performance assessments do not just measure differences in research quality, but yield themselves visible symptoms in terms of a stratification and standardization of disciplines. The article illustrates this with a case study of UK history departments and their assessment by the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) and the Research Excellence Framework (REF), drawing on data from the three most recent assessments (RAE 2001, 2008, REF 2014). Symptoms of stratification are documented by the distribution of memberships in assessment panels, of research active staff, and of external research grants. Symptoms of a standardization are documented by the publications submitted to the assessments. The main finding is that the RAEs/REF and the selective allocation of funds they inform consecrate and reproduce a disciplinary center that, in contrast to the periphery, is well-endowed with grants and research staff, decides in panels over the quality standards of the field, and publishes a high number of articles in high-impact journals. This selectivity is oriented toward previous distributions of resources and a standardized notion of “excellence” rather than research performance. 相似文献
12.
Tore Kristian Aune Arve Vorland Pedersen Rolf Petter Ingvaldsen Terje Dalen 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2017,61(3):369-375
The relative age effect (RAE) refers to that children born early in their year of birth show higher performance compared to children born late in the same cohort. The present study evaluated whether RAE exists within non-competitive physical education (PE) attainments, change in RAE magnitude with age, and possible gender differences. The results show a drop in PE attainment and a difference in number of high and low marks between the first and second half-year. Of the pupils who attained the highest mark, 73% were born in the first 6 months. In lower-secondary school, RAEs were larger in girls compared with boys. A possible explanation for the results is that the PE-teachers might be inspired by product-oriented criteria. 相似文献
13.
This article offers a personal view of the reform of the undergraduate English syllabus which is soon to come into effect at Oxford University. The particular example is analysed in relation to two more general developments: on one hand, changing conceptions of the place and purpose of language study in the discipline of English, and on the other, the pressures faced by UK universities as a result of new higher education funding policies. 相似文献
14.
P. Gerald McKenna 《Higher Education Quarterly》1996,50(2):110-118
The 1991 Government White Paper which abolished the binary divide in British universities brought the former polytechnics (new universities) into direct competition with the traditional (old) universities for research funds from the Funding Councils based on periodic Research Assessment Exercises (RAEs). The outcome of the 1992 RAE showed a predictable gap in research performance between the two groups of institutions. The challenge facing the new universities will be for some, at least, to narrow the gap and/or develop a small number of centres of research excellence and thus challenge the long standing research hegemony enjoyed by the old universities. This will almost certainly involve intense selectivity in the allocation of available research resources and will be influenced by the'missions'of the institutions involved, the extent of underlying support for such developments and the management structures and style employed. 相似文献
15.
对西南地区军队院校学员的问卷调查发现,改革后的CET-4对军校学员大学英语学习产生了积极反拨作用,引导学员提高学习兴趣、改善学习内容和方法,促进了学员的英语学习。同时,CET-4对军校学员的反拨作用差异较大,研究建议采取措施加强CET-4对军校所有学员的积极反拨作用。 相似文献
16.
本文根据目前西部地区新建本科院校大学英语教学中存在的问题,依据建构主义理论,创造性提出教师监控下的体验式英语信息化教学模式。本研究采用了问卷调查与实验研究的方法,通过研究证明,实施教师监控下的大学体验英语信息化教学模式更适合新建本科院校大学英语教学的特点,它有利于学生总体的英语学习,在学习效果、教师作用、学习环境、资源质量、学习策略等方面,此教学模式明显优于现行传统的大学英语教学模式。 相似文献
17.
民族高校公共英语教育现状与对策研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
少数民族高校公共英语教育对于培养少数民族人才具有非常重要的作用，但是目前的公共英语教育存在诸如学生英语基础薄弱，英语学习观念较差；公共英语教学班级较大，课堂教学效果不佳以及教学目标与社会需求差距大等问题。必须采取扩大教师队伍，提高师资素质；加大投资，创造良好的英语学习环境等对策来提高民族院校的公共英语教育水平。 相似文献
18.
对云南省新建本科院校大学英语师资队伍建设的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大学英语师资队伍建设是高校英语教学改革的重要组成部分。对云南省新建的几所本科院校进行调查,发现这些院校大学英语师资队伍建设中存在着很多问题：汉族和少数民族教师比例严重不协调,中高级职称教师比例偏低,教师很少有机会外出进修,教师工作量普遍较重等。在对这些问题进行分析研究的基础上,提出了一些相应的解决措施,旨在提高云南省新建本科院校大学英语师资队伍的水平,提高大学英语的教学质量。 相似文献
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20.
文章旨在探讨在高等教育国际化背景下,中国高校的全英文课程建设的现状、定位,以及存在的问题。中国研究型大学鼓励双语教育,设立了纯英语教学项目。全英文课程需要考虑专业、授课教师资质、教学效果、学生满意度、双语课程教材以及民族情感等多种问题。我国全英文课程尚处于初步发展阶段,需要研究和完善之处还有很多。 相似文献