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《Research Policy》2019,48(10):103612
The policy mix concept has become popular in innovation policy literature. It is particularly relevant for complex challenges such as sustainable industrial transitions that require joined-up interventions from different policy domains. Yet finding the right policy mix for a given challenge is strongly conditioned by the governance context in which individual policies emerge and evolve over time. In particular, the evaluation of policy mixes in a regional context is often neglected.This paper aims to deepen understanding of the interaction between governance processes and policy mix evaluation in the specific context of smart specialisation strategies. These newly popular regional innovation strategies are ideal laboratories for analysing policy mixes due to their place-based nature, their directionality, their experimental character and potential orientation towards grand societal challenges, and their complex governance context.The paper builds on the smart specialisation literature, the innovation policy and policy evaluation literature, and the literature on governance in pluralistic contexts to build a conceptual framework for analysing the governance of policy-mix evaluation. The conceptual arguments are illustrated by the Basque Country case in Spain, providing insights on the establishment of a strategic innovation policy mix evaluation process in a complex setting of institutions and actors. 相似文献
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以“双创”政策为代表的系列政策是围绕特定主题制定和实施的复杂政策体系,本文提出政策组合效应是影响系列政策有效性的关键问题。利用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法对2009-2018年我国“双创”政策样本的研究结果显示,高有效性的政策组合构型可归纳为环境平衡型、供给推动型和需求拉动型,且这三种政策组合分别与我国东、中、西部地区的政策效果匹配。对于政策组合效应的主要启示包括：（1）政策工具组合通过叠加方式更能提升政策效果;（2）政策区位组合的有效构型差异较大,政策制定要做到差异化供给;（3）政策时序组合方面则体现出政策连续性和政策创新性的不同适用性,需结合不同政策工具和适用地区具体施策。本研究为系列政策的制定、实施和评价提供新的思路。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2019,48(10):103832
There has been an increasing interest in science, technology and innovation policy studies in the topic of policy mixes. While earlier studies conceptualised policy mixes mainly in terms of combinations of instruments to support innovation, more recent literature extends the focus to how policy mixes can foster sustainability transitions. For this, broader policy mix conceptualisations have emerged which also include considerations of policy goals and policy strategies; policy mix characteristics such as consistency, coherence, credibility and comprehensiveness; as well as policy making and implementation processes. It is these broader conceptualisations of policy mixes which are the subject of the special issue introduced in this article. We aim at supporting the emergence of a new strand of interdisciplinary social science research on policy mixes which combines approaches, methods and insights from innovation and policy studies to further such broader policy mix research with a specific focus on fostering sustainability transitions. In this article we introduce this topic and present a bibliometric analysis of the literature on policy mixes in both fields as well as their emerging connections. We also introduce five major themes in the policy mix literature and summarise the contributions made by the articles in the special issue to these: methodological advances; policy making and implementation; actors and agency; evaluating policy mixes; and the co-evolution of policy mixes and socio-technical systems. We conclude by summarising key insights for policy making. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2019,48(10):103555
Understanding how policymaking processes can influence the rate and direction of socio-technical change towards sustainability is an important, yet underexplored research agenda in the field of sustainability transitions. Some studies have sought to explain how individual policy instruments can influence transitions, and the politics surrounding this process. We argue that such individual policy instruments can cause wider feedback mechanisms that influence not only their own future development, but also other instruments in the same area. Consequently, by extending the scope of analysis to that of a policy mix allows us to account for multiple policy effects on socio-technical change and resultant feedback mechanisms influencing the policy processes that underpin further policy mix change. This paper takes a first step in this regard by combining policy studies and innovation studies literatures to conceptualise the co-evolutionary dynamics of policy mixes and socio-technical systems. We focus on policy processes to help explain how policy mixes influence socio-technical change, and how changes in the socio-technical system also shape the evolution of the policy mix. To do so we draw on insights from the policy feedback literature, and propose a novel conceptual framework. The framework highlights that policy mixes aiming to foster sustainability transitions need to be designed to create incentives for beneficiaries to mobilise further support, while overcoming a number of prevailing challenges which may undermine political support over time. In the paper, we illustrate the framework using the example of the zero carbon homes policy mix in the UK. We conclude with deriving research and policy implications for analysing and designing dynamic policy mixes for sustainability transitions. 相似文献
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本文通过对上海和韩国现行的主要科技创新人才培养政策进行比较分析,挖掘韩国人才培养政策可借鉴的优势特点,为上海人才培养政策的进一步优化完善提供启示。研究发现,二者在政策对象、政策目标、政策实施和政策评价等方面既有相同之处,也存在一定的差异。上海人才培养政策可以在扩大培养对象范围、优化人才培养模式、构建综合培养体系等方面进一步考虑。 相似文献
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《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2022,6(3):169-182
Scientific and technological innovation policies play a critical role in the innovative development of high-technology industrial parks. However, it remains unclear how scientific and technological innovation policies impact the innovation efficiency of high-technology industrial parks and what the impact pathways are. An in-depth investigation of this topic can give an insight into the inherent relation between the scientific and technological innovation policies and technological innovation. By conducting a theoretical analysis, this study empirically analyzed the impact of scientific and technological innovation policies on the innovation efficiency of high-technology industrial parks. The main research methods applied in this study were linear regression and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). The results showed that the policy targets drove innovation efficiency in a relatively minor way. Among all policy tools, the demand-based policy tools had the most significant influence on innovation efficiency. The supply-based and environment-based policy tools had notable positive impacts during the lag periods of policies. The policy mix pathways for scientific and technological innovation policies that impact innovation efficiency come in four forms, namely, the targets-directed, demand-driven, supply-dominated environment optimization, and environment-dominated comprehensive pathways. Therefore, this study put forward proposals on classifying and refining the scientific and technological innovation policies and optimizing the policy mix-driven models. 相似文献
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构建过程导向的因子理想关联评价模型和结果导向的三阶段DEA效率评价模型,对"十二五"以来的创新政策效果做评估,发现2010-2018年科技创新政策整体是有效的,但主要影响因子存在地区差距较大、有效性波动等问题;政策效果出现东西差距缩小、南北差距拉大、东北明显落后、中西部依赖性强等特点;创新效率由中心城市到经济圈再到其他地区递减.检验近年创新政策实施效果,对制定"十四五"创新政策有重要的参考价值. 相似文献
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Policy mixes may play a crucial role in redirecting and accelerating innovation towards low-carbon solutions, thus addressing a key societal challenge. Towards this end, some argue that the characteristics of such policy mixes matter greatly, yet with little empirical evidence backing up such claims. In this paper we explore this link between policy mix characteristics and low-carbon innovation, using the research case of the transition of the German electricity system towards renewable energy. Our empirical insights are based on an innovation survey administered to German manufacturers of renewable power generation technologies which builds on the Community Innovation Survey. For our purposes we adjusted the survey to better capture companies’ perceptions of policy mixes. Employing a bivariate Tobit model we find evidence that companies’ perceptions regarding the consistency and credibility of the policy mix are positively associated with their innovation expenditures for renewable energies, and this positive link intensifies when considering the mutual interdependence of these policy mix characteristics. In contrast, neither the comprehensiveness of the instrument mix nor the coherence of policy processes were found to be related to innovation expenditures. Overall, these findings suggest that future research on low-carbon and eco-innovation should pay greater attention to the characteristics of policy mixes, rather than focusing on policy instruments only. Finally, our findings indicate a need to consider how policy may be measured in innovation surveys to generate better informed policy advice regarding the greening of innovation. 相似文献
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This paper presents an analytical framework for assessing the emergence of a new policy paradigm labelled “transformative innovation policy”, which can be seen as layered upon, but not fully replacing, earlier policy paradigms of science and technology policy and innovation systems policy. The paper establishes conceptual diversity in this emerging policy paradigm. Despite a common agenda for transformative change, there are notable differences concerning the understanding of the innovation process. Two global initiatives to promote such new innovation policies, Mission Innovation and the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy, are used to illustrate how different articulations of transformative innovation policy are expressed in practice. These may be seen as a positive expression of the breadth of the emerging policy paradigm. While there are grounds for such a positive reading, this paper ends with a caution by stressing the political nature of paradigm change and the strong legacy of an economic, firm-centred and technology-oriented tradition in innovation policy. It makes a plea for more emphasis on a broader conceptualization of transformative innovation, and suggests that a socio-technical understanding of innovation provides several appropriate analytical concepts that can help to shape our thinking and understanding of transformative innovation policy. 相似文献
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探讨我国人工智能政策特征以优化政策设计思路，以中央部委与地方政府印发的31份人工智能政策文件为研究样本，综合运用文本挖掘、内容分析和PMC指数模型等方法，提炼人工智能领域的研究前沿与热点分布、人工智能的政策特征以及评价结果。研究发现：我国人工智能政策以智能化为主要目标，重点关注科技研发与创新环节，并对“卡脖子”的芯片、机器人产品提出政策规范；政策工具应用不平衡，对政府采购、对外贸易管制、反他国管制、购置补贴四项需求型政策工具重视度不够；总体政策效力较好，但政策之间具有效力差异性，相关政策条款亟待加强和完善。基于以上特征和问题，建议进一步促进人工智能前沿政策的设计与前瞻，加大需求端政策工具的组合性和灵活性应用、优化供需政策工具包，加强对人工智能领域的监管政策力度，开展人工智能政策系统的整体性评估。 相似文献
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高端装备制造业是我国的七大战略性新兴产业之一，国家出台了一系列创新政策支持其发展。本文收集了2006-2017年间高端装备制造业的67项创新政策以及专利数量、新产品销售收入等数据，通过量化评估政策文本、构建结构方程模型等方法研究创新政策对专利数量、新产品销售收入等创新产出的影响，结果发现，第一，技术创新规划、研究开发活动、产业化活动等对专利产出、新产品销售收入等具有不同程度的推动作用；第二，我国高端装备制造业创新政策已经走出宏观勾画轮廓的初级阶段，趋向于专业化和精细化；第三，创新政策存在着对科技成果转化重视不足、核心部门联合颁发的政策较少、力度不强等问题。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2019,48(10):103557
Complex societal or environmental problems require fast and substantial socio-technical transitions. For instance, in the case of climate change, these transitions need to take place in the energy, transport and several industry sectors. To induce and accelerate such transitions, numerous policy interventions are required, which interact with each other in policy mixes. While several conceptual studies on policy mixes have been published recently, there is very little empirical research apart from single case or small-n studies. It has been prominently argued that the debate about policy mixes has reached an impasse partly due to this lack of empirical work. This paper addresses this gap by providing a first analysis of the temporal dynamics of complex policy mixes. To do so, we develop a conceptualization and measurement of policy mix balance across instrument types as well as policy mix design features (in the form of intensity as a general and technology specificity as a technology-focused design feature). This allows us to answer the question how temporal dynamics of policy mixes differ between countries regarding their balance and design features. Our measurement approach is developed bottom-up, i.e., policies are assessed individually and then aggregated systematically at the policy mix level. This enables overcoming the ‘dependent variable problem in the study of policy change’, i.e., the problem of measuring policy output. More specifically, we develop a comparative dataset of 522 renewable energy policies in nine OECD countries. Our analysis shows that countries’ policy mix dynamics vary strongly regarding some variables (e.g., technology specificity) but less regarding others (e.g., balance). As a validity check, we also test the effects of these mix dynamics on policy outcome in the form of renewable energy technology diffusion. We reflect our findings in light of the theoretical debates around policy mixes and policy design and discuss how our results provoke an agenda for the new generation of research on policy mixes. We specifically discuss avenues for future research with a particular focus on the ‘politics of policy mixes’. 相似文献
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The recent policy debates about orientating research, technology and innovation policy towards societal challenges, rather than economic growth objectives only, call for new lines of argumentation to systematically legitimize policy interventions. While the multi-level perspective on long-term transitions has attracted quite some interest over the past years as a framework for dealing with long-term processes of transformative change, but the innovation systems approach is still the dominant perspective for devising innovation policy. Innovation systems approaches stress the importance of improving innovation capabilities of firms and the institutional settings to support them, but they are less suited for dealing with the strategic challenges of transforming systems of innovation, production and consumption, and thus with long-term challenges such as climate change or resource depletion. It is therefore suggested to consider insights from transition studies more prominently in a policy framework that is based on the innovation systems approach and the associated notion of ‘failures’. We propose a comprehensive framework that allows legitimizing and devising policies for transformative change that draws on a combination of market failures, structural system failures and transformational system failures. 相似文献
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当前,科技创新能力提升和科技创新高质量发展成为时代主题,科技评价政策引导科技创新高质量发展的“指挥棒”作用日益突显。本文通过搜集2006—2018年各省市的科技评价政策文件,在优化科技评价政策量化量表的基础上,分别从政策力度、政策目标和政策措施三个层次对政策文本进行量化分析。研究发现：我国科技评价政策总体上呈现“起步晚发展快”的特点,政策目标主题向创新人才培育、区域创新扶持与知识产权保护转变,同时,科技评价政策的作用机理呈现“非线性”特征,政策目标的作用方向正由“数量制胜”向“质量取胜”转变。从科技评价政策与区域科技创新能力发展的关系看,科技评价政策虽然在一定程度上促进了科技创新能力的发展,但是其直接政策效力明显薄弱;科技评价政策的多重目标导致政策的协同效应不足,同时,政策目标与政策实施之间的不协调也削弱了政策效力,导致其“指挥棒”作用仍然有限。 相似文献
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Fred Gault 《Research Policy》2018,47(3):617-622
This paper combines general definitions of innovation applicable in all economic sectors with a systems approach, to develop a conceptual framework for the statistical measurement of innovation. The resulting indicators can be used for monitoring and evaluation of innovation policies that have been implemented, as well as for international comparisons. The extension of harmonised innovation measurement to all economic sectors has implications for innovation research and for policy learning. 相似文献
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当前科技创新政策呈体系化发展,已逐渐成为独立的政策部类。研究提出科技创新政策体系框架并推动形成共识,是支撑政策研究和政策实践的理论基础,也是推动政策制定、交流、评价和实施的保障。本文基于理论分析和对比研究,在公共政策范畴中,围绕研发系统和技术经济系统厘清科技创新政策体系的范畴及与其他经济社会政策的关联;并探讨从政策分析、政策制定、政策执行、政策目标四视角提出了科技创新政策体系框架结构,（1）从政策分析视角,按照政策类型分为强制性政策、宏观战略和落地实施政策;（2）从政策制定视角,按照政策工具类型分为供给面、需求面和环境面政策;（3）从政策执行视角,按照创新主体类型分为政府、企业、公共研发机构等类型政策;（4）从政策目标视角,按照价值导向分为经济目标和社会目标导向政策。 相似文献
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开放式创新正成为经济发展的关键动力,为创新主体的成果研发、分享和转移提供优良生态环境,这也引起学界对开放式创新与创新绩效关系的探讨。既有研究大多聚焦创新主体个案内部的合作关系,忽略开放式创新多层次表征所带来的外部组织管理因素（如激励系统）对创新绩效的影响。本文以85家国家文化和科技融合示范基地作为研究对象,采用回归模型探究开放式创新对基地创新绩效的直接影响以及政府资金扶持和政策支持的调节效应。研究结果表明:开放式创新对基地创新绩效具有显著的正向影响,资金扶持可以促进开放式创新提高创新成果的作用,政策扶持的调剂效应不存在。落足于国家文化和科技融合示范基地开放式创新模式应用的现实,建议各基地发挥宏观调控优势,提高需求端与供给端技术交易的匹配度,政府部门应该设定合理的政府资金补贴强度区间,提高政策支持的针对性,为市场主体构建开放式创新生态系统提供策略选择和相关实践指导。 相似文献