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1.
Min Liu Lucas Horton Justin Olmanson Paul Toprac 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2011,59(2):249-265
This study examines middle school students’ learning and motivation as they engaged in a new media enriched problem-based
learning (PBL) environment for middle school science. Using a mixed-method design with both quantitative and qualitative data,
we investigated the effect of a new media environment on sixth graders’ science learning, their motivation, and the relationship
between students’ motivation and their science learning. The analysis of the results showed that: Students significantly increased
their science knowledge from pretest to posttest after using the PBL program, they were motivated and enjoyed the experience,
and a significant positive relationship was found between students’ motivation scores and their science knowledge posttest
scores. Findings were discussed within the research framework. 相似文献
2.
Signs of Erosion: Reflections on Three Decades of Problem-based Learning at Maastricht University 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nowadays many schools in higher education implement problem-based learning to foster active learning processes by students.
In some schools with a number of years of experience with this approach, phenomena can be observed which indicate signs of
wear. The implementation of a large-scale innovation such as problem-based learning (PBL) seems to provoke different activities
and attitudes in those actors who are most involved. Students and staff members seem to behave in a way which could be counterproductive
to the development of self-directed learning. In the first part of this paper, we briefly describe the cognitive psychological
background of PBL. In the second part various adjustments observed in problem-based curricula and their effects on students’
learning are analyzed. Arguments are presented about adverse effects on the implementation of this educational innovation.
Special attention is given to teachers’ concerns. In the third part suggestions are made about ways to revitalize PBL processes
as well as suggestions about effecting educational innovations on a more solid basis 相似文献
3.
Karen Goodnough 《Research in Science Education》2010,40(2):239-265
In this study, the author implemented a problem-based learning (PBL) experience that allowed students in an advanced science
methodology course to explore differentiated instruction. Through working systematically in small, collaborative groups, students
explored the nature of differentiated instruction. The objective of the study was to examine pre-service teachers’ developing
conceptions of differentiated instruction (DI) as a way to teach for diversity. The author adopted action research as a strategy
to explore students’ perceptions of DI in the context of science teaching and learning. Several data collection methods and
sources were adopted in the study, including student-generated products, student interviews, classroom observation, and journal
writing. Outcomes report on students’ perceptions of both the potential and challenges associated with adopting a DI approach
to science teaching and learning. 相似文献
4.
Özgecan Taştan Eylem Yalçınkaya Yezdan Boz 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2008,17(5):444-453
The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of conceptual change text instruction (CCT) in the context of energy
in chemical reactions. The subjects of the study were 60, 10th grade students at a high school, who were in two different
classes and taught by the same teacher. One of the classes was randomly selected as the experimental group in which CCT instruction
was applied, and the other as the control group in which traditional teaching method was used. The data were obtained through
the use of Energy Concept Test (ECT), the Attitude Scale towards Chemistry (ASC) and Science Process Skill Test (SPST). In
order to find out the effect of the conceptual change text on students’ learning of energy concept, independent sample t-tests, ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) and ANOVA (analysis of variance) were used. Results revealed that there was a statistically
significant mean difference between the experimental and control group in terms of students’ ECT total mean scores; however,
there was no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control group in terms of students’ attitude
towards chemistry. These findings suggest that conceptual change text instruction enhances the understanding and achievement. 相似文献
5.
Self-directed and social forms of learning are fundamentally different from traditional didactic educational settings from
which students are selected for veterinary, medical and other professional degree courses. It is therefore expected that a
mismatch may emerge between students’ conceptions of effective learning and expectations inherent to the new learning environments.
The present study addressed this issue by examining 128 preclinical students’ predispositions towards two key elements in
problem-based and case-based learning, namely self-directed and social forms of learning. A mixed method approach revealed
converging evidence of students’ overwhelming preference for external, teacher regulation and individual forms of learning.
External regulation was consciously invoked as a coping strategy in managing large amounts of complex information. Constructivist
conceptions of learning were positively related to an appreciation of the cognitive benefits of social forms of learning,
a relationship that has attracted little attention in the higher education literature. These findings stress the importance
of guiding students’ transition towards learning autonomy required for social forms of learning and continuous lifelong learning
after graduation. 相似文献
6.
Woei Hung 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2011,59(4):529-552
The success of an intervention depends not only upon its theoretical soundness, but also on proper implementation that reflects
the guidelines derived from its theoretical conception. Debates surrounding the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL)
have focused on its theoretical conception and students’ learning outcomes, but implementation is seemingly absent from the
picture. This paper attempts to describe what research evidence is needed to fill in this missing information and provide
a clearer picture of PBL. The author examines current PBL implementation practices and identifies potentially confounding
variables that may play a role in inconsistent or conflicting research results in PBL. For example, various models of PBL
have been developed and implemented to afford the specific instructional needs of the institution or learner population. These
PBL models are in fact quite different in terms of the nature of problem solving and the degrees of self-directed learning,
which theoretically, should result in different types of learning outcomes. Without distinguishing the models used, the results
of comparative PBL research could have been confounded. Furthermore, human factors are another set of confounding variables
that could influence the students’ learning processes and consequently affect PBL implementations and research results. To
remedy these problems and reach PBL’s full potential, as well as obtain a more accurate picture of PBL as an instructional
method and its effects on students’ learning, some fundamental changes are needed. 相似文献
7.
Clara Vasconcelos 《Research in Science Education》2012,42(2):219-232
If our chosen aim in science education is to be inclusive and to improve students’ learning achievements, then we must identify
teaching methodologies that are appropriate for teaching and learning specific knowledge. Karagiorgi and Symeo (2005) remind us that instructional designers are thus challenged to translate the philosophy of constructivism into current practice.
Thus, research in science education must focus on evaluating intervention programs which ensure the effective construction
of knowledge and development of competencies. The present study reports the elaboration, application and evaluation of a problem-based
learning (PBL) program with the aim of examining its effectiveness with students learning Environmental Education. Prior research
on both PBL and Environmental Education (EE) was conducted within the context of science education so as to elaborate and
construct the intervention program. Findings from these studies indicated both the PBL methodology and EE as helpful for teachers
and students. PBL methodology has been adopted in this study since it is logically incorporated in a constructivism philosophy
application (Hendry et al. 1999) and it was expected that this approach would assist students towards achieving a specific set of competencies (Engel 1997). On the other hand, EE has evolved at a rapid pace within many countries in the new millennium (Hart 2007), unlike any other educational area. However, many authors still appear to believe that schools are failing to prepare students
adequately in EE (Walsche 2008; Winter 2007). The following section describes the research that was conducted in both areas so as to devise the intervention program. 相似文献
8.
Chun-Yen Chang Chien-Hua Hsiao Yueh-Hsia Chang 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2011,20(2):136-145
This study investigated students’ learning environment preferences and compared the relative effectiveness of instructional
approaches on students’ learning outcomes in achievement and attitude among 10th grade earth science classes in Taiwan. Data
collection instruments include the Earth Science Classroom Learning Environment Inventory and Earth Science Learning Outcomes
Inventory. The results showed that most students preferred learning in a classroom environment where student-centered and
teacher-centered instructional approaches coexisted over a teacher-centered learning environment. A multivariate analysis
of covariance also revealed that the STBIM students’ cognitive achievement and attitude toward earth science were enhanced
when the learning environment was congruent with their learning environment preference. 相似文献
9.
Catherine Martin-Dunlop Barry J. Fraser 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2008,6(1):163-190
This study assessed the effectiveness of an innovative science course for improving prospective elementary teachers’ perceptions
of laboratory learning environments and attitudes towards science. The sample consisted of 27 classes with 525 female students
in a large urban university. Changing students’ ideas about science laboratory teaching and learning and creating more positive
attitudes towards science were accomplished by using a guided open-ended approach to investigations, together with instructors
who used cooperative learning groups to create a supportive environment. Ideas and attitudes prior to the course were assessed
using a questionnaire focusing on the students’ previous science laboratory courses, and these were compared to data collected
at the end of the course. Students reported large and statistically significant improvements on all seven scales assessing
the laboratory learning environment and attitudes towards science. The largest gains were observed for Open-Endedness and
Material Environment (with effect sizes of 6.74 and 3.82 standard deviations, respectively). An investigation of attitude-environment
associations revealed numerous positive and statistically significant associations in both univariate and multivariate analyses.
In particular, the level of Instructor Support was the strongest independent predictor of student attitudes at two levels
of analysis. 相似文献
10.
Mehmet Sahin 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2010,19(3):266-275
This study investigated the effects of problem-based learning on students’ beliefs about physics and physics learning and
conceptual understanding of Newtonian mechanics. The study further examines the relationship between students’ beliefs about
physics and their conceptual understanding of mechanics concepts. Participants were 124 Turkish university students (PBL = 55,
traditional = 69) enrolled in a calculus-based introductory physics class. Students’ beliefs about physics and physics learning
and their physics conceptual understanding were measured with the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey (CLASS)
and the Force Concept Inventory (FCI), respectively. Repeated measures analysis of variance of how PBL influence beliefs and
conceptual understanding were performed. The PBL group showed significantly higher conceptual learning gains in FCI than the
traditional group. PBL approach showed no influence on students’ beliefs about physics; both groups displayed similar beliefs.
A significant positive correlation was found between beliefs and conceptual understanding. Students with more expert-like
beliefs at the beginning of the semester were more likely to obtain higher conceptual understanding scores at the end of the
semester. Suggestions are presented regarding the implementation of the PBL approach. 相似文献
11.
Leman Tarhan Hulya Ayar-Kayali Raziye Ozturk Urek Burcin Acar 《Research in Science Education》2008,38(3):285-300
This research study aims to examine the effectiveness of a problem-based learning (PBL) on 9th grade students’ understanding
of intermolecular forces (dipole–dipole forces, London dispersion forces and hydrogen bonding). The student’s alternate conceptions
about intermolecular bonding and their beliefs about PBL were also measured. Seventy-eight 9th grade students were stratified
by cognitive levels and then randomly assigned to experimental (PBL, 40 students) and control (lecture-style teaching, 38
students) groups. Following a preparatory lesson where activation and remediation of existing knowledge occur, a pre-test
was given, and no significant difference was found between the two groups of students (p > .05). After the instruction was completed, a post-test and also a questionnaire related to the quality of the problem,
the teacher’s role and group functioning were administered. Results from the post-test of both groups (p < .05) and questionnaire showed that PBL is affective on students’ achievement, remedying formation of alternate conceptions
and also social skills. 相似文献
12.
13.
Brian R. Belland 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2010,58(3):285-309
A critical step in problem-based learning (PBL) units occurs when groups present their solution to the central problem. This
is challenging for middle school students because it involves the creation of an evidence-based argument (Krajcik et al.,
Journal of the Learning Sciences 7:313–350, 1998). Using a mixed method design, this study investigated (a) the impact of
computer-based argumentation scaffolds on middle school students’ argumentation ability, and (b) what middle school students
used for support and why during a PBL unit. Data sources included persuasive presentation rating scores, argument evaluation
ability test, videotaped class sessions, and prompted interviews. Results included a significant impact on average-achieving
students’ argument evaluation ability, and use of the scaffolds by the small groups to plan their research and keep organized. 相似文献
14.
This study aimed to provide an account of how learning takes place in problem-based learning (PBL), and to identify the relationships
between the learning-oriented activities of students with their learning outcomes. First, the verbal interactions and computer
resources studied by nine students for an entire PBL cycle were recorded. The relevant concepts articulated and studied individually
while working on the problem-at-hand were identified as units of analysis and counted to demonstrate the growth in concepts
acquired over the PBL cycle. We identified two distinct phases in the process—an initial concept articulation, and a later
concept repetition phase. To overcome the sample-size limitations of the first study, we analyzed the verbal interactions
of, and resources studied, by another 35 students in an entire PBL cycle using structural equation modeling. Results show
that students’ verbal contributions during the problem analysis phase strongly influenced their verbal contributions during
self-directed learning and reporting phases. Verbal contributions and individual study influenced similarly the contributions
during the reporting phase. Increased verbalizations of concepts during the reporting phase also led to higher achievement.
We found that collaborative learning is significant in the PBL process, and may be more important than individual study in
determining students’ achievement. 相似文献
15.
The purpose of the study is to compare problem based learning (PBL) and lecture-based learning (LBL) in Hong Kong secondary
students’ science achievement. Secondary One students were divided into two groups: group A (n = 37), was taught two topics: “Human Reproduction” and “Density” through PBL; group B (n = 38) was taught the same topics by LBL. Multiple choice questions and short structured response items were used to assess
students’ academic performance. Pre and post tests were categorized into three domains: knowledge, comprehension and application
according to Bloom’s Taxonomy (Bloom 1956). The results of this study suggest first that PBL is at least as effective as LBL in gaining the knowledge required to achieve
the syllabus’ learning objectives; secondly, the PBL group shows a significant improvement in students’ comprehension and
application of knowledge over an extended time. Seemingly, PBL is favored for knowledge retention compared to a more conventional
teaching approach, by these early adolescent children in Hong Kong. An ongoing longitudinal study on students’ interactions
will further determine whether students taught through PBL develop improved learning in relation to high order skills, in
a local situation which still tends to focus on factual recall but where higher skills are being demanded by systemic reform. 相似文献
16.
King-Dow Su 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2008,6(2):225-249
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the instructional effects of using animations, static figures, PowerPoint bulletins,
and e-plus software as chemistry texts with the aid of computer-based technology. This study analyzed the characteristics
of students involved in three multimedia courses and their achievement and attitude toward chemistry and learning chemistry.
The three samples included in this study involved 257 undergraduate engineering students enrolled in the courses during the
academic year in which the study occurred. The results indicate that: (a) students acquired a better understanding of targeted
chemistry concepts during the multimedia courses, (b) some categories of students, based on their major area of study, computer
use, and attendance status at orientation achieved significantly (p < 0.05) higher post-test scores when adjusted for pre-test performance, and (c) significant differences and Cohen’s effect
sizes in attitudes toward chemistry and learning chemistry were detected for students’ level of computer use, disposition
toward computer multimedia, gender, and attendance at the multimedia orientation session. It appears to be helpful to incorporate
computer-based multimedia (animations, images, sounds) teaching while utilizing constructivist design principles to facilitate
students’ chemistry understanding and attitude toward chemistry and learning chemistry. 相似文献
17.
Christina Solomonidou Dimitrios Kolokotronis 《Education and Information Technologies》2008,13(3):185-219
This paper mainly describes the role of the multimedia software package ‘Interactions between Objects’ on students’ learning
of mechanical interaction forces and Newton’s laws. We designed and developed this software within social constructivism on
the basis of 226 students’ initial conceptions (categorized in six categories), in order to help students construct appropriate
knowledge about the subject. Teaching with the software was conducted in 13 primary, lower secondary and upper secondary school
classes. In the software’s evaluation research 226 students (aged 11–16) and 13 teachers of the classes participated. Data
analysis showed students’ substantial learning gains with respect to their initial alternative conceptions of the six conceptual
categories. Particularly, the students’ incorrect answers to the post-test questionnaire have perceptibly decreased (a mean
of 65%). In contrast, their correct answers to the questions reached high percentages, from 60% to 90% depending on the question
and the students’ age. Also the teachers’ opinions and comments enhanced software’s evaluation. The contribution of the software’s
specific characteristics on students’ learning is discussed along with implications for designing constructivist science learning
tools. 相似文献
18.
《Instructional Science》2012,40(5):745-754
Medical students often have initial understanding concerning medical domains, such as the central cardiovascular system (CCVS), when they enter the study programme. These notions may to some extent be in conflict with scientific understanding, which can be seen as a challenge for medical teaching. Hence, the purpose of this study was to analyse what kind of initial mental models students have about the CCVS and how these models change after a course. Further, we were interested in how medical students evaluate the role of problem-based learning (PBL)-enriched conventional instruction in their learning of the CCVS. Pre- and posttests consisting of a drawing task were conducted with 60 Finnish medical students. Additionally, problem-based learning and course evaluation questionnaires were administered. Results show that one-third of the students had misconceptions such as single-loop concepts in understanding the CCVS before the course. Although the instruction seems to support conceptual change, 10 % of the students did not reach a scientific model. In their evaluations of the learning environment, the students appreciated working in small groups in addition to lectures. Sixty-five percent of the students considered PBL an effective learning method, whereas the rest of the students found it ineffective. In sum, although most of the first-year medical students reached an adequate representation of the central cardiovascular system, too many seem to have resistant misconceptions. Hence, in developing learning environments that support students’ conceptual change in the medical domain, students’ prior knowledge and perceptions of learning environments need to be taken into account. 相似文献
19.
Shu-Nu Chang Yau-Yuen Yeung May Hung Cheng 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2009,18(5):447-457
Students’ learning interests and attitudes toward science have both been studied for decades. However, the connection between
them with students’ life experiences about science and technology has not been addressed much. The purpose of this study is
to investigate students’ learning interests and life experiences about science and technology, and also their attitudes toward
technology. A total of 942 urban ninth graders in Taiwan were invited to participate in this study. A Likert scale questionnaire,
which was developed from an international project, ROSE, was adapted to collect students’ ideas. The results indicated that
boys showed higher learning interests in sustainability issues and scientific topics than girls. However, girls recalled more
life experiences about science and technology in life than boys. The data also presented high values of Pearson correlation
about learning interests and life experiences related to science and technology, and in the perspective on attitudes towards
technology. Ways to promote girls’ learning interests about science and technology and the implications of teaching and research
are discussed as well. 相似文献
20.
Pinar Seda Çetin Ebru Kaya Ömer Geban 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2009,18(2):130-137
The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of conceptual change oriented instruction (CCOI) over traditionally
designed chemistry instruction (TDCI) on overcoming 10th grade students’ misconceptions on gases concepts. In addition, the
effect of gender difference on students’ understanding of gases concepts was investigated. The subjects of this study consisted
of 74 10th grade students from two chemistry classes. One of the classes was assigned as experimental group and the other
group was assigned as control group. The experimental group was instructed with CCOI and the control group was instructed
by TDCI. Gases Concept Test (GCT) was administered to both groups as pre- and post-tests to measure the students’ conceptual
understanding. The results showed that students in the experimental group got higher average scores from Gases Concept Test.
Also, a significant difference was found between the performance of females and that of males in terms of understanding gases
concepts in favor of males. 相似文献