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1.
In the natural sciences, collecting, cataloguing, and comparing living specimens have long been a popular, collaborative mode of discovery and learning. New species are discovered, and the relationships between species are theorized. From Aristotle's “History of Animals” to Darwin's “On the Origin of Species”, and beyond, this process of learning through expedition has yielded bountiful knowledge and insights to students of science. In this paper, we propose that expeditionary learning can be applied to a softer science: the field of information systems. In the field of information systems, specimens (information systems) are created by humans, evolving with great speed. Expeditionary learning—where students collaboratively discover, catalog, and compare rapidly evolving information system specimens—is an innovative approach for learners in the IS field, and is effective in increasing IS program visibility and delivering significant, measurable community impact. Our results indicate that learning by expedition has a strong, positive community impact through educating external learners (such as high school and community college students, and the general public), and compares favorably to conventional experiential and service learning styles. Though expeditionary learning does not yield improved course evaluations, we demonstrate that learners’ perceived self‐knowledge and intentions to pursue the subject area are improved. 相似文献
2.
Walter R. Borg Charles F. Schuller 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1979,27(1):31-38
Does complexity of detail, accuracy of scale, and use of background help subjects learn technical information? Apparently not — at least not the 80 soldiers who learned about bore sighting of tank machine guns in this study. Half the subjects used the existing self-contained learning package, a tape-filmstrip lesson containing a large number of complex visuals. The other half used lessons identical in the audio portion but containing simplified (but not deliberately improved) visuals. There were no significant differences between the two groups in achievement, and both were strongly favorable toward their respective lesson. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to characterize high school chemistry students' ability to make translations between three representations of the structure of matter, and to determine the degree to which the students' ability to make these translations is related to reasoning ability, spatial reasoning ability, gender, and specific knowledge of the representations. Translation between formula, electron configuration, and ball-and-stick model representations of matter were chosen for study because of their promise for adding to knowledge of students' conceptual ecology, and because they may be of practical use for teaching and evaluation in chemistry classrooms. Representations have the characteristic that they embed selected details of the relevant concept or principle, but permit other details to fade. As one example, the chemical formula for water, H2O, explicitly conveys the identity of the constituent elements and their ratio, but does not explicitly convey the bond angle or whether the bonds are single or double. On the other hand, the ball-and-stick model of water explicitly conveys the bond angle and bond orders, but does not emphasize the ratio of the elements. Translation between representations is an information processing task, requiring understanding of the underlying concept to the extent that the individual can interpret the information provided by the initial representation and infer the details required to construct the target representation. In this study, the use of the translations of representations as an indicator of understanding of chemical concepts is developed in terms of (a) its relationship to four variables associated with achievement in chemistry, (b) specific representation error types, and (c) its utility in revealing details of students' conceptions and concept formation. Translation of representation performance was measured by administering, audio recording, transcribing, and scoring individual, task-based, think-aloud interviews. The associated interview schedule was entitled Translation of Representations—Structure of Matter [TORSOM]. Reasoning ability was measured by the Group Assessment of Logical Thinking—short form (GALT-s), spatial reasoning ability by the spatial reasoning subtest of the Differential Abilities Test (SRDAT), and prior knowledge of the representations by a test developed by the first researcher (Knowledge of Representations—Structure of Matter). When each of the hypothetical correlates were regressed on TORSOM individually, results indicated the KORSOM and GALT-s but not gender or SRDAT were statistically significant (alpha = .05). The two-predictor model accounts for 28% of the variance in the TORSOM scores. Representation error types are described and exemplified. 相似文献
5.
A field survey was conducted of a representative sample of 13 US educational video telecommunications (VTC) sites in public education, industry, and the military. The majority of educational/training networks use one‐way video with two‐way audio, although the use of two‐way video is increasing. Some systems regularly establish communication with others as ‘open networks’, and others are closed systems. There appears to be a trend for VTC systems to expand in the form of VTC consortia. Poor quality audio is a problem shared by many VTC systems. 相似文献
6.
通过研究分析现行英语视听教学中存在的问题 ,在教学中引入多媒体语言教学网络辅助模式 (即InternetAidLanguageLearning ,简称为IALL ) ,可较大程度上改变英语视听教学的落后状况 ,从而提高英语视听教学的前卫性、全面性及信息化程度。 相似文献
7.
Gary Beauchamp Andrew Joyce-Gibbons James Mc Naughton Nick Young Tom Crick 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2019,50(6):3214-3232
This study explores remote, non-collocated collaboration via multi-touch table (SynergyNet) and video conferencing software (Skype). Twenty-four participants (aged 10-11 years) in two locations—primary school classrooms located 300 miles apart in the UK—engaged in simultaneous collaborative activity to solve a History mystery task. Audio-video data recorded in the first minute of the activity were analysed to explore the emergence of collaborative working practices both within groups in the same location (resizing for shared reading) and between the groups communicating via video conferencing software and through the “flick” multi-touch gesture (sharing clues between groups). The results indicated that most groups focused first on the establishment of intra-group collaboration before reaching out to their remotely located partners. However, when the second data set was analysed, audio data from delayed interviews conducted after the original study, participants reported that the discussion between groups supported by the “flick” gesture was the most important and memorable feature of the activity. The study relates these findings to the existing literature on collaborative learning using multi-touch tables and considers how teachers are best able to help support the emergence of collaborative practices. 相似文献
8.
Abstract Audio teleconferencing is a distance learning delivery system that has often been overlooked by educational institutions and other organizations. However, the trend toward adoption of “high‐end” (and high cost) delivery systems is giving way to a new trend toward appropriate selection of a delivery system based on course content, course design, and intended audience. This article takes a close look at audio teleconferencing as a viable option for many distance learning situations, discusses the importance of the audio component in distance learning, and suggests management and delivery strategies for organizations considering this medium. 相似文献
9.
Bengt Sandin 《Interchange》2003,34(2-3):261-280
A modernization of the educational system was an important priority for the government. Sweden emerged as a dominant military power during the 17th century. The new schools were then established in the midst of a social, political, and cultural transformation with fundamental effects on the school system. The new schools had difficulties freeing themselves from old traditions, depended on an old economic structure, and filled a role as a system of population control. The latter was also related to the organization of the early modern educational system as well as systems of supporting the poor by conspicuous — personal — distribution of money and presents, which during the course of the 17th century was to be replaced by institutionalized care of the poor and new systems of surveillance. An important aspect of the article is a discussion of the role of early modern education for the material well being of poor families of Stockholm. 相似文献
10.
Evolution in secondary school biology textbooks of the PRC,the USA,and the latter stages of the USSR
The presentations of evolutionary theory in 13 prominent, secondary-school biology textbooks—3 Chinese, 8 American, and 2 Soviet—were examined using the methods of content analysis. For each book, the amount of text devoted to each of 80 evolutionary topics was assessed. Such word counts were enumerated not only for the main narrative, but also for eight supplemental components (illustrations, marginal information, appendixes, etc.). Pronounced differences in topic emphasis among the 13 textbooks and systematic trends between countries are discussed. The strong emphasis on evolution in the USSR textbooks is impressive, but these textbooks also neglect some major themes, and they devote considerable text to certain concepts of an erroneous or dubious nature. The PRC (People's Republic of China) textbooks fail to introduce a considerable number of topics that are prominent in the other two systems. The eight USA textbooks exhibit great diversity in terms of total evolutionary content, number of themes treated, and which topics are emphasized. Unlike the USSR and PRC textbooks, the USA books position a vast amount of evolutionary content (26.5%-55.8%) within components outside the main narrative. The evolutionary text of USA editions is dispersed throughout and is presented surprisingly early. Several individual themes that proved particularly revealing are examined, including human evolution, law of recapitulation, evolution and religion, evidences of evolution, punctuated equilibria, and artificial selection. 相似文献
11.
作为信息隐藏技术中的数字水印技术是信息时代的一个热门研究课题。语音水印技术由于受到人的听觉特性的限制,使得传统数字水印技术在实现上有一定难度。研究并实现了一种基于混沌置乱技术引入传统的DWT域语音水印算法,该算法可以实现向宿主语音信号嵌入具有特定意义的数字水印,且由于引入了混沌置乱技术极大地提高了水印的安全性和鲁棒性,并同时具有易于提取和高透明性的特点。 相似文献
12.
改革开放以来,我国基础教育质量监测与评价体系经历了以督导评估为依托的萌芽期(1978—2001)、开展教育质量监测的探索和试点期(2002—2014)和监测与评价体系的建设和完善期(2015至今)三个阶段。尽管在价值定位、监测内容、组织实施、结果应用、运行体系等方面取得了一些基本经验,但同时在监测与评价体系建设中也存在一些问题和挑战。基于对历史演进、基本经验和现存问题的分析,基础教育质量监测与评价体系的未来走向需要全面体现和贯彻党的教育方针、宏观调控教育督导定位以发挥监测职能、从监测机构设立走向各级监测体系的内涵建设,并推动信息技术与监测评价的深度融合。 相似文献
13.
Although college readiness is a centerpiece of major educational initiatives such as the Common Core State Standards, few systems have been implemented to track children's progress toward this goal. Instead, college‐readiness information is typically conveyed late in a student's high‐school career, and tends to focus solely on academic accomplishments—grades and admissions test scores. Late‐stage feedback can be problematic for students who need to correct course, so the purpose of this research is to develop a system for communicating more comprehensive college‐readiness diagnoses earlier in a child's K‐12 career. This article introduces college‐readiness indicators for middle‐school students, drawing on the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS), a nationally representative longitudinal survey of educational inputs, contexts, and outcomes. A diversity of middle‐school variables was synthesized into six factors: achievement, behavior, motivation, social engagement, family circumstances, and school characteristics. Middle‐school factors explain 69% of the variance in college readiness, and results suggest a variety of factors beyond academic achievement—most notably motivation and behavior—contribute substantially to preparedness for postsecondary study. The article concludes with limitations and future directions, including the development of college‐readiness categories to support straightforward communication of middle‐school indicators to parents, teachers, and students. 相似文献
14.
Carl E. Thoresen 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1969,9(1):3-17
Radical changes in contemporary society are altering the lives of individuals in pervasive ways. Counselors are typically oblivious to these revolutionary changes due, in part, to inadequate and outdated professional education. Counseling viewed as a complex of social-psychological processes — as an applied behavioral science — needs the powerful framework provided by a “systems approach.” A system is viewed as a structure which functions as a whole due to the interdependence of its parts. A systems approach in counselor education emphasizes how specific training components can be combined most effectively and efficiently to produce outcomes stated in terms of trainee behaviors (performance). Basic characteristics of a systems approach include: (a) behaviorally stated performance objectives; (b) careful attention to relation of components; (c) information flow and feedback mechanisms; and (d) man-machine combinations. Models such as flow charts and simulation techniques are also typically involved. A systems approach, it is argued, will encourage the asking of more relevant and answerable questions. Although it may be viewed by some as too scientific, mechanistic, or complicated, a systems perspective holds the promise of more effectively preparing counselors for contemporary clients. 相似文献
15.
Barbara Fenesi Jennifer J. Heisz Philip I. Savage David I. Shore Joseph A. Kim 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(2):253-263
This experiment combined controlled experimental design with a best-practice approach (i.e., real course content, subjective evaluations) to clarify the role of verbal redundancy, confirm the multimodal impact of images and narration, and highlight discrepancies between actual and perceived understanding. The authors presented 1 of 3 computer-based lecture conditions: audio, redundant (audio with redundant text), or complementary (audio with nonredundant text and images). Audio and redundant conditions produced similar actual understanding, whereas the complementary condition produced greatest actual understanding. Redundant condition learners perceived their understanding as greater than their actual understanding. Findings encourage multimedia research to balance controlled experiments with a best-practice approach to better understand effective multimedia design. 相似文献
16.
Sophie Biesenbender 《Higher Education Quarterly》2019,73(1):116-127
This paper takes a policy‐analytical perspective on the evolution of standards of research information (RI) and provides a framework for analysing processes of RI standardisation in different research systems. It focuses on the choice of policy instruments on the macro level (government) and their effects with regard to policy reactions, decisions and practices on the meso level (Higher Education institutions). Next to providing a conceptual frame for analysing and comparing—direct and indirect—RI standardisation processes, the paper presents exploratory evidence with regard to the German and Italian science systems. The empirical analysis shows that policies (indirectly) regulating the institutional processing of RI (e.g., evaluation policies) might indeed lead to the standardisation of RI in a science system. Policy reactions on the meso or organisational level, which largely shape the standardisation dynamics, depend on the strategic relevance of the policy and on available implementation support. 相似文献
17.
《Chinese Education & Society》2013,46(2-3):3-7
The study of education in China has an importance which is not limited to a specific field. Education cannot be studied in isolation. In a Chinese context, the relationship of the education system with the political and economic systems, the aims and objectives of education, the philosophy of the important educationists all help us to understand modern Chinese society better. In a wider educational context, the more information available about Chinese education, the greater is the material available both to those interested in comparative (socialist) education systems and to those examining the role played by education in the "Developing" and "Third World" countries. That is why I am delighted to have the opportunity — through the pages of Chinese Education — to provide new information and translation for all those interested in this widely applicable and relevant subject. 相似文献
18.
An experiment was conducted to compare training effectiveness and user acceptance of live instruction andsix different alternative Instructional TV (ITV) technologies: multi‐channel 2‐way video with 2‐way audio, single‐channel 2‐way video with 2‐way audio, 1‐way video with 2‐way audio, 1‐way video with 1‐way audio, 1‐way video with intermittent 2‐way audio, and audiographics. Findings were that, in comparison with live instruction, ITV in several different forms was effective both in terms of student performance and acceptance. The most successful ITV technologies were those allowing continuous 2‐way audio communication between classrooms with either 2‐way or 1‐way video. Student test performance was poorer with ITV systems that restricted remote students' ability to converse with or see the instructor and the performance decrement was evident in both local and remote classrooms.
The research described was performed under the sponsorship of the Office of Naval Technology. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors, are not official, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Navy department. 相似文献
19.
Ray McAleese 《Interactive Learning Environments》2013,21(1):23-49
This paper identifies two important themes in a consideration of skill acquisition in information studies. First, the means by which students, in general, acquire competency in transferable skills such as information retrieval and information searching. Second, how information searching is a special ability that is facilitated by new technologies, such as hypermedia/server/client information systems along with knowledge elicitation and representation techniques. Following a discussion of a generalizable framework for skill acquisition, the paper considers information need—from a transferable skills perspective. The use of knowledge elicitation techniques such as graphical browsers is emphasized. The paper highlights the distinction between discovering and revealing tacit knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of recent work on using Multi-dimensional Scaling and other scaling techniques such as Pathfinder (PFNet) algorithms to uncover tacit knowledge in pre paration for information searching. The paper includes a number of recommendations on the way information need—as a transferable skill—can be facilitated in information studies courses. 相似文献
20.
非线性编辑系统的组成及性能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
非线性编辑系统在多媒体开发平台中已得到广泛应用。本介绍了非线性编辑系统的概念及组成，对其性能进行了初步分析，并结合音像教材建设和多媒体课件开发中的应用提出了较合理的建议配置。 相似文献