共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
干红梅 《暨南大学华文学院学报》2012,(2):30-38
通过读后访谈的方式,我们对20名中级汉语学习者阅读时猜测78个词语的过程进行了分析,从猜词步骤和猜词依据使用率两个方面,总结了汉语为二语时猜词过程的一般步骤。我们认为,汉语阅读者的猜词过程体现其阅读模式：既有自下而上的加工,也有自上而下的加工,少数水平较高的学习者还会利用多种语料“交互式”地加工。学习者的具体猜词过程没有固定顺序,存在一些个体差异。总的来说．先利用语素自下而上地猜词,再借助语境自上而下地猜词的比例较高,这说明中级学习者正处于汉语水平由低到高的发展过程中。最后本文将英、汉为二语的猜词过程进行了对比分析,探讨了两者的异同及其词汇特征方面的原因。 相似文献
2.
从图式理论的视角看阅读理解的心理过程 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
阅读理解是个复杂的心理活动过程，在这个过程中，读者往往借助“自下而上”和“自上而下”两种信息加工方式的交互作用来解读阅读内容。因此，图式理论将阅读过程解释为读者所具备的背景知识和阅读材料相互作用的过程。影响阅读理解的主要因素是内容图式和形式图式。对图式理论的研究，有助于揭示阅读理解的认知心理过程并对外语教学有所启示。 相似文献
3.
Marsha Bensoussan 《Journal of Research in Reading》1998,21(3):213-227
Schemata are known to play an important a role in reading comprehension. Comprehension is seen as the interaction between top-down processing from activated schemata and bottom-up processing from concepts expressed by the text. If readers activate an inappropriate schema, they may miss the meaning of the text. The present study examines the effects of faulty schemata on reading comprehension. At the end of an advanced English reading course at Haifa University, a test of reading comprehension was administered to 125 students. One section of the test contained an advanced level text about love and marriage, a text close to the personal experience of the examinees. Using dictionaries, students translated expressions and sentences and answered short-answer comprehension questions in English. Results indicated that 23% of the wrong answers to the comprehension questions were driven by schemata which differed substantially from the actual content of the text. 相似文献
4.
听力理解过程是信息解码过程和推理过程相结合的复杂的信息处理过程,也是“自上而下”和“自下而上”的交互作用过程。文章从认知的角度探讨关联理论在听力理解过程中的应用及对外语听力教学的启示。 相似文献
5.
20世纪60年代以来,随着认知心理学和心理语言学的发展,文本阅读过程模式先后经历了早期的自下而上、自上而下和相互作用模式.随着实时研究技术的发展,在对文本阅读中的动态的加工过程和静态的表征深入探索的基础上,先后在对建构主义模式、基于记忆的文本加工模式和建构整合模式的争议和探讨中逐渐形成了文本阅读的双加工模式和风景模型. 相似文献
6.
杨冬梅 《和田师范专科学校学报》2007,27(3):163-164
在目前外语阅读的研究中,互动的方式是研究的焦点。本文回顾了在外语和部分母语阅读领域的研究,并得出以下的结论:第一,动态的可视先行组织者(visual advance organizer)对全面理解文章非常有益;第二,同时采用视觉和言语的材料注释单词要优于只用言语信息注释单词;第三,词汇知识和阅读理解之间的确存在着一定的关系。这些结果启示我们在今后的教学中应将自上而下和自下而上的方式结合起来,使其在阅读中发挥更大的作用。 相似文献
7.
秦万祥 《外语教学理论与实践》2013,1(4):22-28
本文以不同英语水平的中国英语学习者为研究对象, 采用命名实验和关键句阅读实验的在线研究方法, 着重考察了语篇因果制约度和读者的二语水平对语篇理解中预期推理的激活和编码的影响。 研究结果表明：1)在二语语篇阅读过程中, 语篇的因果制约度影响预期推理的即时激活, 当语篇因果制约度高时, 读者易做出预期推理;2) 在二语语篇阅读过程中, 预期推理概念的激活受读者语言水平的影响, 高级英语水平 读者能够在较低水平上即时激活预期推理概念, 而中级语言水平读者预期推理概念不能即时激活;3) 对于高 级英语水平读者 ,预期推理能够在激活后保存于读者工作记忆并编码于语篇短时记忆表征, 但这种编码只是 一种部分编码 。 相似文献
8.
Implications of second language reading learning are often aroused by the insights of reading experience in first language.Chi nese learners’ performance concerning English reading comprehension may influenced by Chinese language or English language.This pa per attempts to explore the influence of first language(Chinese) knowledge on second language(English) reading comprehension for Chi nese students in middle school.This investigation concerns over three aspects of L1 knowledge:genre knowledge,reading skills,and cultur al knowledge.It firstly demonstrates the research question.Then,based on schema theory,it introduces the research method and partici pants in this study.Furthermore,this paper presents the data of the investigation along with the data analysis.It finally concludes that the positive effects of L1 knowledge on L2 reading comprehension overweigh its negative effects. 相似文献
9.
宋占春 《黑龙江教育学院学报》2008,27(1):183-184
阅读在我国英语教学中占有十分重要的位置。阅读理解是一种自下而上和自上而下相互作用的过程,其中图式理论起着重要的作用。图式理论有助于我们正确把握语言知识、背景知识与英语阅读的关系,加强图式理论知识的建构将大大促进学生对文本意义的理解。 相似文献
10.
任虎林 《外语教学理论与实践》2013,1(4):29-34
了解和把握句法结构培养程度对中国学习者处理英语复句能力的影响是英语教学质量保障的关键。 本研究采用问卷调查和阅读行为测试两种方法, 选取60名所受不同句法结构培养的中国英语学习者和20 名英国本族语者为样本, 对其在四种罕见英语复句形态结构复杂性、 语义通达性的判断及复句理解准确度方面的处理能力进行研究。 我们发现, 随着句法结构培养水平的提高, 中国学习者在英语复句理解准确度及语义通达性判断方面表现为超过或接近英语本族语者的趋势 ; 而在复句形态结构复杂性判断方面却没有表现出随句法结构培养水平的提高而呈上升的趋势。 此外, 由于句法结构培养水平的不同, 中国学习者在英语复句的处理方法上受句法结构和语义因素的影响也有差异 。 相似文献
11.
佟晓梅 《牡丹江教育学院学报》2006,(2):78-79
本文主要论述如何将广泛运用于阅读理解研究的“图式理论”用来指导翻译研究。教师在教学中要引导学生根据篇章信息度的高低有效调整解读技巧,同时运用自下而上和自上而下的策略进行篇章解码,并引导学生根据自己构思图式中的背景知识,学会分解难度,激活学生的已有图式,达到较为理想的教学效果。 相似文献
12.
申亚琳 《合肥师范学院学报》2014,(4):87-92
基于阅读组合模式的理论框架、Nation提出的词汇广度测试构念和结构语言学家对于句法知识的界定,考察词汇广度和句法知识对二语阅读理解测试成绩的预测,以了解此预测是否受二语水平的调节作用。实验结果表明：受试的词汇广度和句法知识都与其阅读理解测试成绩存在线性相关关系;无论对于高水平受试还是低水平受试,句法知识对阅读理解测试成绩的预测能力都大于词汇广度对其的预测。 相似文献
13.
马骁骏 《扬州大学学报(高教研究版)》2007,11(5):94-96
阅读过程本质上是信息处理的过程,不同的信息处理方法对阅读的深度和阅读的质量都会产生影响。基于这个假设,可用"列举例证"和"概括要点"分别表示深层和表层信息处理方法,检验英语基础阶段学习者在这两种不同条件下的阅读理解表现。研究结果表明,不同水平学习者在不同信息处理方法上存在差异,深层信息处理方法更有助于提高较低水平学习者的阅读能力。 相似文献
14.
李尚梅 《襄樊职业技术学院学报》2007,6(1):60-62
本文以图式理论为依据，认为英语听力理解过程中信息的处理模式有两种：即“自上而下”和“自下而上”；听者的背景知识即图式知识在听力理解过程中起着重要作用。本文重点探讨了图式理论在听力教学中的运用。 相似文献
15.
王丰元 《齐齐哈尔师范高等专科学校学报》2012,(1):155-156
高职学生英语阅读能力的培养是高职英语教学过程中的重要环节,通过阅读理解的自下而上、自上而下、交叉认知模式的研究,对影响阅读理解的因素及阅读能力的进行了分析,提出了提高学生阅读能力的时策。 相似文献
16.
Reading comprehension is a multi-dimensional process that includes the reader, the text, and factors associated with the activity of reading. Most research and theories of comprehension are based primarily on research conducted with monolingual English speakers (L1). The present study was designed to investigate the cognitive and linguistic factors that have an influence on reading comprehension in English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) speakers. The cognitive aspects of reading comprehension among L1 speakers and ESL speakers in the seventh grade were investigated. The performance of both groups was compared and the role of some relevant processes, including word reading, word reading fluency, phonological awareness, working memory, and morphological and syntactic awareness were assessed. Within this sample, three groups were examined: (1) children with poor comprehension (PC) in the absence of word reading difficulties (2) children with poor word reading and poor comprehension (poor readers, PR) (3) and children with both good word reading and comprehension abilities (good comprehenders, GC). The results demonstrated that a variety of cognitive processes, such as working memory and phonological, syntactic, and morphological awareness are important for reading comprehension and compromised in poor comprehenders. The GC group performed better than the PC group on all of the cognitive measures, indicating that comprehension depends on a variety of phonological, memory and linguistic processes and that adequate word recognition skill are important for reading comprehension. The prevalence of the ESL and L1 students was similar across the three reading groups. The ESL and L1 students demonstrated similar performance, indicating that the skills underlying reading comprehension are similar in the ESL and L1 students. This study demonstrated that ESL students are capable of developing word reading and reading comprehension skills that are as strong as those of their L1 peers. 相似文献
17.
陈喜贝 《湖南第一师范学报》2009,9(1):54-55,108
现代图式阅读理论强调在阅读过程中将“自下而上”和“自上而下”两种传统线性阅读模式相结合的交互式阅读模式。在将图式理论运用到高专英语阅读教学的过程中,教师可从三个方面着手：培养“图式”阅读习惯,最大限度地激活已有图式和建立新的图式。 相似文献
18.
The present study employed a think-aloud method to explore the origin of a centrality deficit (i.e., poor recall of central ideas) found in poor comprehenders (PC). Moreover, utilizing the diverse think-aloud responses, we examined the overall quality of text processing employed by PC during reading, in order to shed more light on the cognitive underpinnings underlying their poor comprehension and memory after reading. To address these goals, adolescents with good and poor comprehension, matched on reading (decoding) skills, were asked to state aloud whatever comes to their mind during the reading of two expository texts. After reading, the participants freely recalled text ideas and answered multiple-choice questions on the texts. Results indicated that PC exhibited lower performance than good comprehenders (GC) on the recall and comprehension tasks. The think-aloud protocols indicated that PC generated fewer responses than GC that reflect high-level, deep text processing, and more responses that reflect low-level, surface text processing. Furthermore, compared to GC, PC reinstated fewer prior text ideas, with this reduction being significantly greater for central than for peripheral ideas. Finally, the proportions of deep processing responses in general were positively associated with participants’ performance on recall and comprehension tasks. These findings suggest that PC exhibit poor text comprehension and memory, particularly of central ideas, because they construct a low-quality, poorly-connected text representation during reading, and produce fewer, less-elaborated retrieval cues for subsequent text comprehension and memory. This explanation is further illuminated in the context of previous findings and theoretical accounts.
相似文献19.
阅读理解模式与大学英语阅读教学 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
陈虹 《青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2004,(2):138-140
阅读是辨认和理解书面语言并领会其内容的心理言语活动过程,它是人脑中各种知识共同作用的结果,阅读理解模式可归纳为:"自上而下"、"自下而上"与"相互作用"(interactive)模式。在阅读教学过程中,应激发学生的学习兴趣,激励其学习主动性,培养其良好的阅读习惯,将不同的阅读理解过程有机地结合起来,以有效地提高学生的阅读能力。 相似文献
20.
This study examined factors related to reading comprehension in adolescents who spoke English as a first language (L1) and English as a second language (L2). Measures of decoding, vocabulary knowledge, and reading comprehension were administered to 31 L1 and 44 L2 speakers. English L2 adolescents scored significantly lower than their L1 peers on all measures. Factor analyses produced different configurations of variables for each group. For L1 learners, measures of decoding and vocabulary were separate factors but were one factor for English L2 learners. For the L1 learners, it was only the measure of vocabulary that was a significant predictor of reading comprehension. For L2 learners, decoding, vocabulary, and the interaction of decoding and vocabulary were all significant predictors of reading comprehension. Relations among these variables in adolescents who are beginning to learn English as an L2 are explored. 相似文献