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1.
构建策略型学习者问题解决能力培养模式 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
有关问题解决和学习策略的研究是当今教学心理学中的重要的研究领域,随着社会的发展和科技进步,面对知识经济的挑战,社会对具有创新精神与实践能力的人才需要的不断增长,学会学习已成为全社会关注的焦点。帮助受教育者学会学习,掌握有效的学习策略,使之成为策略型学习者,增强其问题解决能力,已成为每个教育工作者亟待解决的一个重要课题。 相似文献
2.
Joakim Samuelsson 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2008,24(3):237-250
The present study examines the effect of three different structured methods, traditional, independent and problem‐solving, of teaching children arithmetic in the beginning of 7th grade in Sweden, age 13 years. The progress made by these students is presented by measures of their arithmetic ability, calculation and quantitative concept, as well as their self‐regulated learning skills in mathematics, characterised as internal and instrumental motivation, self‐concept and anxiety. The results will be discussed with reference to a socio‐cultural perspective. This study has a split‐plot factorial design with time as within‐subject and type of intervention as a between‐subject factor. The results show that there are no significant differences between teaching methods when assessing arithmetic in total and calculation. Students’ progress in quantitative concepts is significantly better if teachers teach traditionally or with a problem‐based curriculum. In order to develop aspects of self‐regulating learning skills, the results show that pupils would benefit in a traditional or problem‐solving curriculum. Problem‐solving seems to be more effective than traditional and independent work for students’ internal motivation. Traditional work and problem‐solving are more effective than independent work for students’ self‐concept. 相似文献
3.
许定洁 《重庆职业技术学院学报》2011,20(2):144-146
ESP英语教学中引入语言探究式学习,可在开展有效授受式学习的同时,将学生置于主动探究,注重问题解决及语言交流的学习情境中,学生通过亲身体验,自主获取知识来源,了解自身特殊用途英语语言技能的发展过程和学习策略的养成过程。通过ESP语言探究式学习研究,可归纳出一套ESP语言教学行之有效的策略。 相似文献
4.
In this study, five elementary teachers and a university researcher developed and implemented problem‐based learning (PBL) experiences in the context of science teaching and learning. Collaborative inquiry was adopted as a methodology, while a variety of qualitative methods were used to examine the engagement and development of teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). A PCK model is used as a framework to examine teachers’ professional knowledge growth in areas such as orientations to teaching science, knowledge of science curriculum, knowledge of students’ understanding of science, knowledge of assessment, and knowledge of instructional strategies. Implications for how teachers may be supported when adopting instructional innovations are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Dr Kam-Wah Lee 《Research in Science Education》1993,23(1):136-145
A unit on the teaching of problem-solving skills, part of a chemistry inservice course for 25 experienced secondary school
teachers in Singapore, presented two strategies: think-aloud and general problem-solving strategies. The evaluation of the
unit was based on teachers' personal evaluations and their answers to a questionnaire which focussed on their responses and
attitudes towards the teaching and learning of problem solving while using the two strategies.
Specializations: problem solving and teaching and learning of science. 相似文献
6.
卓旭晖 《宁波教育学院学报》2010,12(5):127-129
科学教学中在教师的有效导学基础上,提出了培养学生自主学习能力的四个策略:教师引导,明确目标;分块阅读,提出问题;合作学习,解答疑问;交流讨论,教师点评。这样,不仅可提高科学教学的有效性,而且有利于提高学生的终身学习能力。 相似文献
7.
小学阶段的数学学习仍然处于启蒙阶段,这一时期要培养起学生对数学学习的兴趣,尤其是与我们日常生活联系密切的应用题教学。教师要善于利用有效的教学策略来培养学生对应用题知识的学习兴趣,引导学生发觉解答应用题的乐趣,让学生充分发挥自身主观能动性,对应用题展开深入的思考和探索,在积极探索的过程中,发展学生的数学思维能力和自主学习能力,为学生未来深度学习数学知识打下坚实的基础。 相似文献
8.
Adapted primary literature (APL) refers to an educational genre specifically designed to enable the use of research articles for learning biology in high school. The present investigation focuses on the paedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of four high‐school biology teachers who enacted an APL‐based curriculum in biotechnology. Using a constructivist qualitative research approach, we analysed those teachers' aims and beliefs, the instructional strategies they used during the enactment of the curriculum, as well as the outcomes of the enactment as perceived by the teachers and their students, and as reflected in the class observations. Some of the teachers' strategies applied during the enactment, such as the conversational model, were specifically designed for teaching APL‐based curricula. We found that the instructional strategies applied for the adapted articles were associated with cognitive and affective engagement, active learning, inquiry thinking, and understanding of the nature of science. Suitable teacher PCK promoted learning by inquiry in addition to learning on inquiry. Students' challenges were mainly linked to the comprehension of complex, multi‐stage, biotechnological processes and methods that are abundant throughout the curriculum and required the use of previous knowledge in new contexts. A complex interaction of factors, namely teachers' PCK, the APL genre, and the biotechnology content of the curriculum, shaped the instructional strategies of the new curriculum and the outcomes of its enactment 相似文献
9.
This study investigated how professional development featuring evidence‐based customization of technology‐enhanced curriculum projects can improve inquiry science teaching and student knowledge integration in earth science. Participants included three middle school sixth‐grade teachers and their classes of students (N = 787) for three consecutive years. Teachers used evidence from their student work to revise the curriculum projects and rethink their teaching strategies. Data were collected through teacher interviews, written reflections, classroom observations, curriculum artifacts, and student assessments. Results suggest that the detailed information about the learning activities of students provided by the assessments embedded in the online curriculum motivated curricular and pedagogical customizations that resulted in both teacher and student learning. Customizations initiated by teachers included revisions of embedded questions, additions of hands‐on investigations, and modifications of teaching strategies. Student performance improved across the three cohorts of students with each year of instructional customization. Coupling evidence from student work with revisions of curriculum and instruction has promise for strengthening professional development and improving science learning. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 1037–1063, 2010 相似文献
10.
Camilla Schreiner Ellen K. Henriksen Pål J. Kirkeby Hansen 《Studies in Science Education》2013,49(1):3-49
This paper provides an introduction to the concept of pedagogical link‐making in the context of teaching and learning scientific conceptual knowledge. Pedagogical link‐making is concerned with the ways in which teachers and students make connections between ideas in the ongoing meaning‐making interactions of classroom teaching and learning. First of all we draw upon socio‐cultural perspectives to outline why we think that ‘link‐making’ is fundamental to science learning and consequently to science teaching and then we identify three main forms of pedagogical link‐making. The related research literature is then used to specify pedagogical link‐making approaches associated with each of the three main forms. Finally, the resultant framework of link‐making forms and approaches is applied in analysing a teaching sequence taken from a UK secondary school science classroom. Part of this analysis involves identifying specific pedagogical tools/strategies that might be employed in the classroom to support link‐making. 相似文献
11.
The Role of the Learning Community in the Development of Discipline Knowledge and Generic Graduate Outcomes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In this paper we describe a study of learning outcomes at a research-intensive Australian university. Three graduate outcome
variables (discipline knowledge and skills, communication and problem solving, and ethical and social sensitivity) are analysed
separately using OLS regression and comparisons are made of the patterns of unique contributions from four independent variables
(the CEQ Good Teaching and Learning Communities Scales, and two new, independent, scales for measuring Teaching and Program
Quality). Further comparisons of these patterns are made across the Schools of the university. Results support the view that
teaching and program quality are not the only important determinants of students’ learning outcomes. It is concluded that,
whilst it continues to be appropriate for universities to be concerned with the quality of their teaching and programs, the
interactive, social and collaborative aspects of students’ learning experiences, captured in the notion of the Learning Community,
are also very important determinants of graduate outcomes, and so should be included in the focus of attempts at enhancing
the quality of student learning. 相似文献
12.
Active‐learning labs for two topics in high school biology were developed through the collaboration of high school teachers and university faculty and staff and were administered to 408 high school students in six classrooms. The content of instruction and testing was guided by State of Texas science objectives. Detailed teacher records describing daily classroom activities were used to operationalize two types of instruction: active learning, which used the labs; and traditional, which used the teaching resources ordinarily available to the teacher. Teacher records indicated that they used less independent work and fewer worksheets, and more collaborative and lab‐based activities, with active‐learning labs compared to traditional instruction. In‐class test data show that students gained significantly more content knowledge and knowledge of process skills using the labs compared to traditional instruction. Questionnaire data revealed that students perceived greater learning gains after completing the labs compared to covering the same content through traditional methods. An independent questionnaire administered to a larger sample of teachers who used the lab‐based curriculum indicated that they perceived changing their behaviors as intended by the student‐centered principles of the labs. The major implication of this study is that active‐learning–based laboratory units designed and developed collaboratively by high school teachers and university faculty, and then used by high school teachers in their classrooms, can lead to increased use of student‐centered instructional practices as well as enhanced content knowledge and process learning for students. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 960–979, 2007 相似文献
13.
To alleviate teachers’ reluctance toward practical work, there has been much discussion on teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge, teaching materials, and failsafe strategies for practical work. Despite these efforts, practical work is still regarded as a challenging task for many elementary science teachers. To understand the complexity of teachers’ conflicts in practical work, this study examines teachers’ ideas about teaching and learning that influence teachers’ decision‐making and action on teaching practical work. More important than knowing technical–rational aspects of practical work is to understand the internal contradictions that teachers have to resolve within themselves regarding their capabilities and beliefs about science teaching and practical work. Using stories and experiences of 38 third‐year university students in a science method course in Korea, we seek to understand the conflicts and negotiations that they experience as they make decisions regarding practical work throughout their course. Reflective writings and group discussions on their lived experiences and concerns were used to probe participants’ ideas on teaching using practical work. From written and verbal data, themes were saturated in terms of the aspects which could (dis)encourage their practice. Results suggest that there are multifactorial challenges in pre‐service teachers’ understandings and concerns in practical work. Besides time, materials, and curriculum, pedagogical assumptions and values also compositely challenge the minds of teachers. As the pre‐service elementary teachers negotiated within themselves the importance of science in classroom and social levels, the question is raised about their identities as pre‐service elementary teachers to appreciate the balance between science teaching and practical work. 相似文献
14.
In this study, we report on what types of mathematical knowledge for teaching teachers (MKTT) mathematics teacher educators (MTEs) use and develop when they work together and reflect on their teaching in a Community of Practice while helping prospective primary teachers (PTs) generate their own mathematical knowledge for teaching in learning mathematics via problem solving. Two novice MTEs worked with an experienced MTE and reflected on the process of learning to teach via problem solving and supporting PTs in developing deep understandings of foundational mathematical ideas. Taking a position of inquiry as stance, we examined our experiences teaching mathematics content courses for PTs via problem solving. We found that all of the MTEs used and developed some MKTT through (a) understanding and deciding on the mathematical goals of both the individual lessons and the two-course sequence as a whole, (b) choosing and facilitating tasks, and (c) using questions to scaffold PTs learning and engage them in mathematical processes such as making conjectures, justifying their reasoning, and proving or disproving conjectures. 相似文献
15.
Randy K. Yerrick Elizabeth Doster Jeffrey S. Nugent Helen M. Parke Frank E. Crawley 《科学教学研究杂志》2003,40(5):443-463
Analogies have been argued to be central in the process of establishing conceptual growth, making overt connections and carryover into an intended cognitive domain, and providing a generative venue for developing conceptual understanding inherent in constructivist learning. However, students' specific uses of analogies for constructing arguments are not well understood. Specifically, the results of preservice teachers' knowledge gains are not widely studied. Although we would hope that engaging preservice science teachers in exemplary lessons would assist them in using and generating analogies more expertly, it is not clear whether or how such curricula would affect their learning or teaching. This study presents an existence proof of how preservice science teachers used analogies embedded in their course materials Physics by Inquiry. This fine‐grained analysis of small group discourse revealed three distinct roles of analogies including the development of: (a) cognitive process skills, (b) scientific conceptual understanding, and (c) social contexts for problem solving. Results suggest that preservice teachers tend to overgeneralize the analogies inserted by curriculum materials, map irrelevant features of analogies into collaborative problem solving, and generate personal analogies, which counter scientific concept development. Although the authors agree with the importance of collaborative problem solving and the insertion of analogies for preservice teachers' conceptual development, we believe much more needs to be understood before teachers can be expected to construct and sustain effective learning environments that rely on using analogies expertly. Implications for teacher preparation are also discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 40: 443–463, 2003 相似文献
16.
Self-assessment is essential to scientific literacy as stated by the National Research Council Committee on Conceptual Framework for the New K-12 Science Education Standards and has since been incorporated into the Next Generation Science Standards. However, little empirical evidence documents which instructional tools are beneficial in improving students’ self-assessment in science learning. As such, we conducted a classroom-based quasi-experiment to test whether contrasting case-based instructional supports improved 390 introductory high school physics students’ accuracy in self-assessment and academic performance when solving physics problems. We compared the effects of providing students with content knowledge and contrasting cases (contrasting good and poor solution) on students’ physics problem solving and their ability to self-assess, with the effects of either presenting them with content knowledge and good solutions or teaching only content knowledge. We found contrasting examples improved the accuracy of students’ self-assessments, promoted content learning, and enhanced the development of self-assessment strategies. 相似文献
17.
“问题解决”是一个被多学科领域所重视和研究的课题。教学中发现，学生在解遗传题时，习惯于运用数理逻辑推理，却容易忽视减数分裂与遗传规律的联系。根据奥苏伯尔的观点，这有悖于有意义学习的目的。为此，本研究着重探讨：通过问题解决教学策略的实施，能否促进学生对于减数分裂与遗传规律关系的理解，从而实现有意义的学习。研究结果表明，问题解决教学策略可以促进学生的有意义学习，其基本过程可以概括为：创设问题情境→拓宽问题空间→进行合作学习→完成知识迁移。 相似文献
18.
Dennis Fung Venus Hung Wai-mei Lui 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2018,16(7):1291-1314
This study compares the learning results of three groups of secondary two (grade eight) students of a similar academic standard who participated in a teaching intervention involving different pedagogies. One hundred and forty-nine Hong Kong secondary students were chosen and divided into three groups, “whole-class teaching approach”, “group work with no specific strategies” and “group work with effective strategies”, to study the “space travel” unit in their science curriculum. The first group was exposed to traditional whole-class instruction, and the latter two practised collaborative group work, with the third adopting four effective strategies derived from a UK-based quasi-experimental project. Analyses of the pre- and post-diagnostic assessments and audiotaped discussions revealed that group work comprising effective strategies not only raised students’ test scores, but also enhanced their joint construction of conceptual knowledge in science. The findings suggest that the effective strategies adopted in this study are contributory factors to superior student accomplishments and a stronger desire to seek clarification accruing from shared cognitive activities. 相似文献
19.
Many within the science education community and beyond see practical work carried out by students as an essential feature of science education. Questions have, however, been raised by some science educators about its effectiveness as a teaching and learning strategy. This study explored the effectiveness of practical work by analysing a sample of 25 ‘typical’ science lessons involving practical work in English secondary schools. Data took the form of observational field notes and tape‐recorded interviews with teachers and students. The analysis used a model of effectiveness based on the work of Millar et al. and Tiberghien. The teachers’ focus in these lessons was predominantly on developing students’ substantive scientific knowledge, rather than on developing understanding of scientific enquiry procedures. Practical work was generally effective in getting students to do what is intended with physical objects, but much less effective in getting them to use the intended scientific ideas to guide their actions and reflect upon the data they collect. There was little evidence that the cognitive challenge of linking observables to ideas is recognized by those who design practical activities for science lessons. Tasks rarely incorporated explicit strategies to help students to make such links, or were presented in class in ways that reflected the size of the learning demand. The analytical framework used in this study offers a means of assessing the learning demand of practical tasks, and identifying those that require specific support for students’ thinking and learning in order to be effective. 相似文献
20.
Kathleen J. Roth Helen E. Garnier Catherine Chen Meike Lemmens Kathleen Schwille Nicole I.Z. Wickler 《科学教学研究杂志》2011,48(2):117-148
The Science Teachers Learning from Lesson Analysis (STeLLA) project is a videobased analysis‐of‐practice PD program aimed at improving teacher and student learning at the upper elementary level. The PD program developed and utilized two “lenses,” a Science Content Storyline Lens and a Student Thinking Lens, to help teachers analyze science teaching and learning and to improve teaching practices in this year‐long program. Participants included 48 teachers (n = 32 experimental, n = 16 control) and 1,490 students. The STeLLA program significantly improved teachers' science content knowledge and their ability to analyze science teaching. Notably, the STeLLA teachers further increased their classroom use of science teaching strategies associated with both lenses while their students increased their science content knowledge. Multi‐level HLM analyses linked higher average gains in student learning with teachers' science content knowledge, teachers' pedagogical content knowledge about student thinking, and teaching practices aimed at improving the coherence of the science content storyline. This paper highlights the importance of the science content storyline in the STeLLA program and discusses its potential significance in science teaching and professional development more broadly. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., J Res Sci Teach 48: 117–148, 2011 相似文献