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美国的教育部不制定全国统一的科学课程标准,而是各州根据自己的实际情况制定自己的学科课程标准,并且无论是教学、评价还是教材的编写都要以州的课程标准为依据,这与我国的情况有很大的区别。因而,我们要想了解美国的科学课程标准,就必须选择一个州来进行深入的研究。
本文将介绍美国南达科他州的科学学业标准。 相似文献
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美国基础教育的各门课程都由各州制定课程标准,唯有科学这门课的课程标准是国家统一的;美国的小学科学教材是由美国的科学家、教育家共同编写的,具有高度前瞻性和启蒙性.美国的《物质科学》系列小学科学教材中的科学写作任务体现出体裁多元化、兼顾不同年龄层次儿童、注重提示语的设计和引导、渗透科学技能的培养和促进沟通等特点,为国内开展研究提供了范例.研究、分析国外科学教材的最终目标是为了促进国内科学教育改革,我国科学教材写作主题的设计需要充分考虑学生实际;科学写作需要依托于一定的科学阅读基础之上;科学教师的培养要从职前教育着眼;科学写作不应成为小学生应试的负担,而是科学学习的兴趣关注点. 相似文献
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蔚蓝 《中国教育技术装备》2012,(8):129-131
本报告分析了美国50个州及华盛顿哥伦比亚特区整个K-12学年的科学课程标准,目的是使评价内容清晰、完整和科学准确。分析报告不涉及各州考试评价是否恰当、各校执行情况以及对学生成绩的改进意见等方面。建立清楚、全面和严谨的标准是进 相似文献
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美国各州有自己的学科课程标准,并且无论是教学、评价还是教材的编写,都以州的课程标准为依据。因而,本文将以美国加利福尼亚州（以下简称“加州”）为例,看美国实际实施中的科学课程标准。 相似文献
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通过对美国德克萨市州的科学课程标准《德克萨斯州高中科学基本知识与能力》中的化学课程的科学探究部分进行分析研究,学习、吸收科教发达国家科学探究活动实施的成功经验. 相似文献
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梁玮 《教学研究(河北)》2015,38(1)
尝试以中美两国的课程标准作为研究对象,以高中生物为例,通过文献综述、比较研究的方法对科学本质观教育这一方面进行比较研究.研究发现两国课程标准中有关科学本质的表述在综合与分科、显性与隐性、表述风格和描述精度、广度和深度方面存在不同程度的差异.建议从加强学科之间的整合,促进学科间的联系、适当显性化科学本质教育、修正对科学本质观教育的不恰当认识等方面对我国高中生物课程标准进行改进. 相似文献
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在美国科学教育新框架中,首位关键词由"科学探究"变为"科学实践",这一变更折射出近20年来美国科学教育研究者扭转课堂探究模式化倾向的努力。探究模式化的根源,可追溯到"科学(实验)方法"和"科学(思维)方法"在美国科学教育史上的主导地位。框架使用"科学实践"一词,凸显了融合社会、认知、行为三个维度的实践观。其实施要求理论性探究在课堂探究活动中占主导地位,并要求科学作为社会性活动的特质在课堂上得到充分施展。 相似文献
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本文以物理学研究中"科学批判与实证"的思想方法为教学设计的逻辑主线,借鉴美国教育学家E. 艾斯纳(Eliot Eisner)所提出的教学模式,提出了在中学物理教学中进行科学探究的"科学批判与实证"教学模式,以期为广大中学物理教师在进行科学探究的教学设计时提供设计思路. 相似文献
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理解科学本质是科学素养的内涵之一,是实现提高科学素养的科学教育目标的关键因素。现代科学本质观对科学知识、科学探究和科学事业进行了新的诠释。根据现代科学本质观,发展科学本质观下的科学教学理念,构建科学教育的三维目标,形成融入科学本质的科学教学策略,提升学生的科学本质观。 相似文献
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Two fundamental questions about science are relevant for science educators: (a) What is the nature of science? and (b) what aspects of nature of science should be taught and learned? They are fundamental because they pertain to how science gets to be framed as a school subject and determines what aspects of it are worthy of inclusion in school science. This conceptual article re-examines extant notions of nature of science and proposes an expanded version of the Family Resemblance Approach (FRA), originally developed by Irzik and Nola (International handbook of research in history, philosophy and science teaching. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 999–1021, 2014) in which they view science as a cognitive-epistemic and as an institutional-social system. The conceptual basis of the expanded FRA is described and justified in this article based on a detailed account published elsewhere (Erduran and Dagher in Reconceptualizing the nature of science for science education: scientific knowledge, practices and other family categories. Springer, Dordrecht, 2014a). The expanded FRA provides a useful framework for organizing science curriculum and instruction and gives rise to generative visual tools that support the implementation of a richer understanding of and about science. The practical implications for this approach have been incorporated into analysis of curriculum policy documents, curriculum implementation resources, textbook analysis and teacher education settings. 相似文献
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李新强 《伊犁教育学院学报》2003,16(4):108-111
科学是系统化的理论体系。随着历史的发展,人类对科学的认识不断在深化。但是,不同职业、不同领域对科学的认识也不尽一致,对科学的正确定义造成了一定困难。因此,利用科学的基本特征以及科学的研究方法,阐释科学这一概念的内涵和外延,对人们正确理解运用科学理论和科学方法,正确掌握和运用科学理论和方法不无裨益。 相似文献
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邹承鲁 《学位与研究生教育》2004,(4):1-4
长期以来,在研究生教育战线上一直忙碌着一大批国内外享有盛誉的中国科学院和中国工程院院士,他们不仅术有专攻,而且心系研究生教育事业,他们的言传身教曾激励过一代又一代莘莘学子发愤图强、健康成材。从本期开始,学位与研究生教育编辑部与中国科学院研究生院共同在《学位与研究生教育》上推出“院士大讲堂”专栏,邀请部分院士从不同的视角对研究生教育的理念和治学方法发表见解,对高层次人才培养进行诠释。相信从他们的言语中,您会感悟到献身科学的精神力量、充满睿智的理性思考、襟怀坦荡的人格魅力。同时,我们也真诚地期待着更多的院士做客我们的“大讲堂”,关心中国的学位与研究生教育事业,我们期盼着您的积极参与和热情支持。 相似文献
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Stephen L. Chew 《Journal of Food Science Education》2014,13(4):65-67
In this essay, I argue that the traditional view of teaching, that the teacher's responsibility is to present information that students are solely responsible for learning, has been rendered untenable by cognitive science research in learning. The teacher can have a powerful effect on student learning by teaching not only content, but how to study and think about information. Student learning is a shared responsibility between teacher and students, and effective teaching is much more challenging than traditionally believed. 相似文献
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Science &; Education - 相似文献
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M. K. Summers 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(1):19-27
Summaries English The purpose of this article is to promote awareness of a growing body of literature concerned with the relationship between the epistemology of science and school science education, and to stimulate debate concerning the role such epistemological considerations should play in the professional training of science teachers. First of all, a rationale is provided for the inclusion of the epistemology of science and its relationship to school science education as an essential component on the professional training of all science teachers. This is followed by a review of existing resources for use in science teacher education curricula, and suggestions for new resource material. Finally, a possible curriculum for inclusion in science teacher education programmes is presented. 相似文献
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This interpretive study of the teaching and learning of chemistry in an Australian high school examines the beliefs about the nature of science of a teacher and his class in relation to the enacted curriculum. Although the teacher and students tended to see science as an evolving discipline that was uncertain and changed over time, the manner in which the curriculum was implemented was a direct contrast. In the enacted curriculum science was represented as a catalogue of facts to be memorised and as algorithmic solutions to problems. The beliefs that had greatest impact on shaping the curriculum were the teachers beliefs about the nature of student learning, his beliefs about the distribution of power between himself and the students, and the extent to which restraints were accepted by the teacher as reasons for maintaining a traditional approach to teaching and learning chemistry. 相似文献
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Vicente Mellado Constantino Ruiz María Luisa Bermejo Roque Jiménez 《Science & Education》2006,15(5):419-445
One of the most important topics on the international agenda in educational research is to gain an understanding of the processes
of educational change in teachers and of the factors that favour or hinder it. Such understanding is, for instance, an essential
element in planning and putting into practice initial and ongoing teacher education programs. This article reviews the research
on science teachers’ educational change. To organize the information, an analogy is made with the process of scientific change,
analyzing and evaluating the contributions of the different models taken from the philosophy of science – positivism, Popper’s
principle of falsifiability, Lakatos’ scientific research programs, Laudan’s research traditions, Toulmin’s evolutionism,
and Kuhn’s relativism. We conclude the article with the implications for science teacher education. 相似文献