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1.
3年级汉语阅读障碍儿童的诊断及其特征分析--"听力理解-阅读理解差异诊断模式"初探 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
本研究探索性地运用“听力理解—阅读理解差异模式”诊断汉语阅读障碍儿童,并在中文文字系统内对该模式的理论基础和实证效力进行了验证。研究结果表明,阅读成份理论适用于中文文字系统;“听力理解—阅读理解差异诊断模式”能够有效确定不同阅读障碍儿童的主要缺陷:解码、理解以及混合成分,这利于之后的教育矫治。 相似文献
2.
该研究以语言学、认知心理学为理论基础,利用认知诊断测量技术及数字化技术(网络多媒体技术),开发以英语阅读为切入的动态诊断评估与学习策略干预指导为一体的自主学习数字化在线应用系统。首先通过对阅读认知结构、潜在技能/属性以及认知诊断的分析,构建英语阅读认知诊断模型和策略指导库,然后在诊断模式基础上研发网络系统。学习者使用该系统后,能够迅速看到个人阅读学习过程中存在的语言知识结构和阅读技能使用的优劣特点的诊断评估结果,同时获得相应的策略指导建议和帮助。 相似文献
3.
该研究以语言学、认知心理学为理论基础,利用认知诊断测量技术及数字化技术（网络多媒体技术）,开发以英语阅读为切入的动态诊断评估与学习策略干预指导为一体的自主学习数字化在线应用系统。首先通过对阅读认知结构、潜在技能/属性以及认知诊断的分析,构建英语阅读认知诊断模型和策略指导库,然后在诊断模式基础上研发网络系统。学习者使用该系统后,能够迅速看到个人阅读学习过程中存在的语言知识结构和阅读技能使用的优劣特点的诊断评估结果,同时获得相应的策略指导建议和帮助。 相似文献
4.
语言认知缺陷是影响阅读困难儿童阅读能力发展的重要因素,以训练阅读困难儿童的语言认知技能为主要目标的干预研究也备受研究者们的关注,其中,语音意识缺陷干预、阅读流畅性缺陷干预和基于语音意识缺陷和快速命名缺陷的综合干预是当前具有代表性的干预研究.分析、梳理以上干预研究及成效,并展望其发展趋势对阅读困难儿童的干预研究具有非常重要的价值. 相似文献
5.
阅读困难儿童是学习困难中的一个特殊群体,他们在遗传、脑神经机制以及认知技能等多方面同普通儿童相比都存在差异,其中脑神经机制和认知技能的差异是研究者比较关注的两个方面.在脑神经机制方面,阅读困难儿童在脑结构和脑功能上存在异常;在认知技能方面,阅读困难儿童存在语言学范畴和非语言学范畴两个方面的缺陷.在对以上两个方面的差异与缺陷进行分析的基础上,对汉语阅读困难儿童未来的研究进行了展望. 相似文献
6.
我国学生英语阅读学习成效受到社会高度关注。汉语和英语存在巨大差异,系统地理解汉语母语背景和母语阅读能力对儿童英语阅读学习的影响,有助于教育者更精准地识别并解决我国学生在英语阅读学习中遇到的特殊挑战,从而提高学生英语阅读学习成效。笔者围绕我国英语学习者在进行英语阅读学习时遇到的独特认知挑战与干预训练开展了系列研究,从认知行为和脑电活动两个层面揭示出汉语母语背景对英语单词自动化解码存在深刻、持久的制约。在实验室和学校开展的随机干预研究结果表明,专项语言技能训练及非特异性的音乐学习有助于学习者突破母语制约。因此,我国英语阅读教学需要高度关注汉语母语背景的特殊影响,基于对英语阅读学习特定认知挑战的研究证据,有针对性地开展专项训练。同时,英语教学还需要被置于更广阔的学生发展和成长背景下,通过综合运用音乐活动,优化学校与班级氛围等多种手段,为提升我国学生英语阅读学习成效提供全方位支持。 相似文献
7.
高职学生广告策划实训体系的构建必须来源于职业能力体系.职业能力体系的生成,必须与行业岗位技能标准密切相关.学习领域课程模式为职业能力体系的生成奠定了现实的理论基础,工作过程知识进而为职业能力体系与行业岗位核心技能标准的衔接提供了现实依据.基于学习领域课程模式的广告策划职业能力体系生成思路可推动实现高职学生在读期间系统掌握岗位核心技能的目标. 相似文献
8.
采用Bicomb及SPSS软件对我国近三十年来有关数学学习困难研究的核心文献进行关键词词频分析、共词分析,结果表明:目前研究主要集中于亚型分析、认知加工机制、成因、诊断评估、教育干预五个热点问题。同时存在操作定义不一致,亚型、核心缺陷不明确,鉴别模式存争议,评估标准、方法不统一,成因探讨分歧大,干预研究较滞后,研究领域较狭窄等不足。因此,未来研究应科学界定数学学习困难、完善其评估体制,深入研究其成因及核心缺陷,拓宽研究领域,开展数困儿童综合干预研究。 相似文献
9.
近年来,阅读流畅性研究在阅读及阅读障碍研究领域受到广泛关注.文章首先对阅读流畅性的内涵及结构成分进行了梳理,接着探讨了阅读流畅性与阅读理解关系的理论模型.并在此基础上,对阅读障碍领域的阅读流畅性研究进行了分析,探讨了阅读流畅性在阅读障碍的预测、评估及干预中的作用.最后提出汉语阅读障碍中阅读流畅性的研究将有 助于相关研究的深入. 相似文献
10.
PASS理论在数学学习困难研究领域中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
注重内部认知过程分析的PASS理论及其认知评估系统DN:CAS,为动态评估学习困难儿童的认知过程提供了系统的理论依据和有效的操作工具。国外近年来展开的基于PASS理论的数学学习困难研究主要集中在:PASS认知过程与数学成就的关系、不同类型数学学习困难儿童的认知特征与缺陷模式、及针对计划的干预研究。这些研究虽还不够深入,但却为数学学习困难领域的进一步系统化研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
11.
This replication study examined whether 158 college students classified as learning disabled (LD) who were granted course substitutions for the foreign language (FL) requirement would display significant cognitive and academic achievement differences when grouped by levels of IQ-achievement and achievement-achievement discrepancy and by level of performance on an FL aptitude test (Modern Language Aptitude Test; MLAT), phonological/orthographic processing measures, and in FL courses. The results showed that there were few differences among groups with differing levels of IQ-achievement or achievement-achievement discrepancy (i.e., < 1.0 SD, 1.0-1.49 SD, and > 1.50 SD) on MLAT and American College Testing (ACT) scores, graduating grade point average (GPA), or college FL GPA. The results also showed that between groups who scored at or above versus below the 15th percentile (i.e., < 1.0 SD) on the MLAT, there were no differences on measures of graduating GPA, college FL GPA, native language skill, ACT score, and Verbal IQ. Demographic findings showed that 44% of these petition students met a minimum IQ-achievement discrepancy criterion (> or = 1.0 SD) for classification as LD. These findings suggest that many traditional assumptions about LD and FL learning are likely to be false. 相似文献
12.
Compton DL Gilbert JK Jenkins JR Fuchs D Fuchs LS Cho E Barquero LA Bouton B 《Journal of learning disabilities》2012,45(3):204-216
Response-to-intervention (RTI) approaches to disability identification are meant to put an end to the so-called wait-to-fail requirement associated with IQ discrepancy. However, in an unfortunate irony, there is a group of children who wait to fail in RTI frameworks. That is, they must fail both general classroom instruction (Tier 1) and small-group intervention (Tier 2) before becoming eligible for the most intensive intervention (Tier 3). The purpose of this article was to determine how to predict accurately which at-risk children will be unresponsive to Tiers 1 and 2, thereby allowing unresponsive children to move directly from Tier 1 to Tier 3. As part of an efficacy study of a multitier RTI approach to prevention and identification of reading disabilities (RD), 129 first-grade children who were unresponsive to classroom reading instruction were randomly assigned to 14 weeks of small-group, Tier 2 intervention. Nonresponders to this instruction (n = 33) were identified using local norms on first-grade word identification fluency growth linked to a distal outcome of RD at the end of second grade. Logistic regression models were used to predict membership in responder and nonresponder groups. Predictors were entered as blocks of data from least to most difficult to obtain: universal screening data, Tier 1 response data, norm referenced tests, and Tier 2 response data. Tier 2 response data were not necessary to classify students as responders and nonresponders to Tier 2 instruction, suggesting that some children can be accurately identified as eligible for Tier 3 intervention using only Tier 1 data, thereby avoiding prolonged periods of failure to instruction. 相似文献
13.
This study surveyed a national sample of school psychologists with respect to the identification of reading disabilities (RD). It covers school psychologists' opinions regarding perceived benefits of the use of cognitive assessment in RD identification, both within and outside of an IQ–achievement discrepancy model. The survey also solicited opinions about the nature of RD, particularly conceptions of general slow learners (and readers) versus those evidencing a discrepancy. Results related to school psychologists' concerns about job security, should IQ testing be reduced, are presented. Furthermore, the perceived benefits of a Response to Intervention (RTI) model, how school psychologists see themselves contributing to an RTI effort, as well as possible hurdles to RTI implementation are covered. Measurement of these perceptions may be beneficial in informing current and future service delivery models for RD identification as well as possible training needs of currently practicing school psychologists. Finally, the current work represents an effort to measure assessment acceptability for RD identification techniques. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
14.
The final session of the National Research Center on Learning Disabilities (NRCLD) Responsiveness-to-Intervention (RTI) Symposium, "What are alternative models to LD identification other than RTI?" included four papers that discussed concerns over the exclusive reliance on an RTI approach to learning disability identification, considerations for analyzing proposed LD identification models, and various alternatives to LD identification. The work of the participating panelists is summarized in this discussant paper, and next steps for the NRCLD in light of these presentations are suggested. 相似文献
15.
In this article we discuss research bearing on the traditional use of the IQ-achievement discrepancy to define specific reading disability. We initially review the evidence presented by Rutter and Yule (1975) in support of this practice, and then discuss results from subsequent studies that have questioned the reliability of their findings. We also discuss results from more recent studies demonstrating that the IQ-achievement discrepancy does not reliably distinguish poor from normal readers, whereas language-based measures do reliably distinguish these groups. We highlight results from a study we recently completed, in which it was found that IQ scores did not differentiate between poor readers who were found to be readily remediated and poor readers who were difficult to remediate. In view of the convergent evidence against the use of IQ scores to define specific reading disability, we suggest that the IQ-achievement discrepancy definition of this disorder be discarded. 相似文献
16.
Patterns of performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) have been proposed as useful tools for the identification of children with learning disabilities (LD). However, most of the studies of WISC-R patterns in children with LD have been plagued by the lack of a typically achieving comparison group, by failure to measure individual patterns, and by the lack of a precise definition of LD. In an attempt to address these flaws and to assess the presence of patterns of performance on the WISC-R, we examined data from 121 children with typical achievement (TA), 143 children with reading disabilities (RD), and 100 children with a specific arithmetic disability (AD), ages 6 to 16 years. The results indicated that the RD and AD groups had significantly lower scores than the TA group on all the Verbal IQ subtests. Many of the children with AD and RD showed a significant difference between Verbal and Performance IQ scores, but so did many of the typically achieving children. Although there were some children with LD who showed the predicted patterns, typically, 65% or more of the children with LD did not. Furthermore, a proportion of the TA group-generally not significantly smaller than that of the RD and AD groups-showed discrepancy patterns as well. Our results indicate that the patterns of performance on intelligence tests are not reliable enough for the diagnosis of LD in individual children. Therefore, it might be more profitable to base the detection of an individual's LD on patterns of achievement test scores. 相似文献
17.
Kavale KA 《Journal of learning disabilities》2005,38(6):553-562
Responsiveness to intervention (RTI) is being proposed as an alternative model for making decisions about the presence or absence of specific learning disability. I argue that there are many questions about RTI that remain unanswered, and radical changes in proposed regulations are not warranted at this time. Many fundamental issues related to RTI are unresolved, and a better strategy may be to more rigorously implement existing identification criteria (e.g., discrepancy and psychological processing deficits) in a structured psychometric framework. Suggestions on how to modify present procedures are provided. 相似文献
18.
Douglas Fuchs Devery Mock Paul L. Morgan Caresa L. Young 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2003,18(3):157-171
Longstanding concern about how learning disabilities (LD) are defined and identified, coupled with recent efforts in Washington, DC to eliminate IQ‐achievement discrepancy as an LD marker, have led to serious public discussion about alternative identification methods. The most popular of the alternatives is responsiveness‐to‐intervention (RTI), of which there are two basic versions: the “problem‐solving” model and the “standard‐protocol” approach. The authors describe both types, review empirical evidence bearing on their effectiveness and feasibility, and conclude that more needs to be understood before RTI may be viewed as a valid means of identifying students with LD. 相似文献
19.
This study assessed rates of learning disabilities (LD) by several psychometric definitions in children with epilepsy and identified risk factors. Participants (N = 173, ages 8-15 years) completed IQ screening, academic achievement testing, and structured interviews. Children with significant head injury, chronic physical conditions, or mental retardation were excluded. Using an IQ-achievement discrepancy definition, 48% exceeded the cutoff for LD in at least one academic area; using low-achievement definitions, 41% to 62% exceeded cutoffs in at least one academic area. Younger children with generalized nonabsence seizures were at increased risk for math LD using the IQ-achievement discrepancy definition; age of seizure onset and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were risk factors for reading and math LD using low-achievement definitions. Writing was the most common domain affected, but neither ADHD nor seizure variables reliably identified children at risk for writing LD. Although children with earlier seizure onset, generalized nonabsence seizures, and comorbid ADHD appear to be at increased risk for some types of LD by some definitions, these findings largely suggest that all children with epilepsy should be considered vulnerable to LD. A diagnosis of epilepsy (even with controlled seizures and less severe seizure types) should provide sufficient cause to screen school-age children for LD and comorbid ADHD. 相似文献
20.
School psychologists' perceptions of how reading disabilities (RD) should be operationalized were examined and compared to those of journal editorial board members in the learning disabilities field ( Speece & Shekitka, 2002 ). Participants were practicing school psychologists drawn from the membership directory of the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP). The sample consisted of 549 participants and was generally representative of the demographic characteristics of NASP membership at large. Results indicated that over 75% of participants endorsed using treatment validity/response to intervention (RTI), cognitive processing, and phonemic awareness as components of RD operationalization. A large percentage (61.9%) also endorsed use of an IQ‐achievement discrepancy criterion. Statistically significant differences were found between the endorsements of this study's participants and those in the Speece and Shekitka (2002) study, with our participants reporting higher endorsement of RTI, cognitive processing, and IQ‐achievement discrepancy criteria. 相似文献