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1.
We present Newton's main ideas for the formulation of classical mechanics as given in the Principia. Then we discuss Ernst Mach's criticisms of Newtonian mechanics as contained in his book The Science of Mechanics. We analyze the influence of Mach's ideas in the teaching of classical mechanics considering five representative textbooks: those of Kittel, Knight and Ruderman; Marion and Thornton; Symon; Feynman, Leighton and Sands; and Goldstein. We conclude that the influence of Mach's ideas has been very great, being incorporated in the textbooks, although not always with the deserved acknowledgment. 相似文献
2.
Athanasios Velentzas Krystallia Halkia Constantine Skordoulis 《Science & Education》2007,16(3-5):353-370
This work investigates the presence of Thought Experiments (TEs) which refer to the theory of relativity and to quantum mechanics
in physics textbooks and in books popularizing physics theories. A further point of investigation is whether TEs – as presented
in popular physics books – can be used as an introduction to familiarize secondary school students with physics theories of
the 20th century. The study of textbooks and popular physics books showed that authors of both types of books consider TEs
as an important tool when presenting the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. Furthermore, a qualitative research conducted
in secondary education revealed that the historical TEs which were transformed into forms accessible to the public could trigger
students’ interest and act as educational material to familiarize them with concepts and principles of the 20th century physics. 相似文献
3.
本科量子力学双语教学改革实践 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
梁林梅 《高等教育研究学报》2010,33(1):111-113
结合两年本科量子力学双语教学实践,针对双语教材选用和量子力学授课方法进行了讨论,得出量子力学双语教学的实施对象须为英语基础好、理解力较强并且刻苦勤奋的学员,同时双语教学实施一般在小班开展效果较好,对于大班级开展容易出现考试成绩呈现两个极端的现象。 相似文献
4.
陈克艰 《华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2003,35(6):12-20
哈耶克和波普尔两位自由主义者对科学理性及其与自由的关系有截然不同的看法,而量子物理的互补诠释则能表明科学内在精神与自由主义的一致性。N·玻尔以互补观点对量子力学带来的新的认识论局势作了精确而全面的说明。互补观点向广泛的认识领域的推扩,完全不同于以牛顿力学为根据引申出来的因果决定论。 相似文献
5.
Molecular modeling has become a valuable and essential tool to medicinal chemists in the drug design process. Molecular modeling
describes the generation, manipulation or representation of three-dimensional structures of molecules and associated physico-chemical
properties. It involves a range of computerized techniques based on theoretical chemistry methods and experimental data to
predict molecular and biological properties. Depending on the context and the rigor, the subject is often referred to as ‘molecular
graphics’, ‘molecular visualizations’, ‘computational chemistry’, or ‘computational quantum chemistry’. The molecular modeling
techniques are derived from the concepts of molecular orbitals of Hückel, Mullikan and ‘classical mechanical programs’ of
Westheimer, Wiberg and Boyd. 相似文献
6.
连劭名 《北京教育学院学报》2009,23(2):14-15,22
初中语文教材中选用了一些我国古代的著名文学作品,对学生学习古代汉语与传统文化十分有益。教材中的注释有些不够准确,容易造成误解,现在做些辩证工作,供教师参考。 相似文献
7.
In Part 1 of this two-part article we have spelt out, in some detail, the link between symmetries and conservation principles
in the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations of classical mechanics (CM). In this second part, we turn our attention to
the corresponding question in quantum mechanics (QM). The generalization we embark upon will proceed in two directions: from
the classical formulation to the quantum mechanical one, and from a single (infinitesimal) symmetry to a multi-dimensional
Lie group of symmetries. Of course, we always have some definite physical system in mind. We also assume that the reader is
familiar with the elements of quantum mechanics at the level of a standard first course on the subject. Operators will be
denoted with an overhead caret, e.g., $
\hat A,\hat G,\hat U
$
\hat A,\hat G,\hat U
, etc., while $
[\hat A,\hat B] = \hat A\hat B - \hat B\hat A
$
[\hat A,\hat B] = \hat A\hat B - \hat B\hat A
is the commutator of $
\hat A
$
\hat A
and $
\hat B
$
\hat B
. 相似文献
8.
Thomas W. Shiland 《科学教学研究杂志》1997,34(5):535-545
The presentation of sophisticated atomic theory (quantum mechanics) in secondary chemistry texts is not accompanied by sufficient evidence or applications to promote its rational acceptance as determined by a model of conceptual change. Eight secondary chemistry texts were analyzed for four elements associated with a conceptual change model: dissatisfaction, intelligibility, plausibility, and fruitfulness. These elements were not present in sufficient quantities to promote conceptual change, i.e., to have quantum mechanics rationally accepted over simple atomic models such as the Bohr theory. Recommendations include modifying future textbooks to include conceptual change elements; having secondary chemistry teachers emphasize these elements beyond the presentation in their textbooks; and using the conceptual change model to analyze other instructional materials, especially those presenting scientific theories. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 34: 535–545, 1997. 相似文献
9.
研究正则系综中的配分函数与密度矩阵的关系,分别采用热力学统计物理中的配分函数和量子力学中的密度矩阵与平均值原理,计算电子在磁场中的能量。当电子在磁场中的自旋角动量的表示为二维和三维时,应用密度矩阵原理求解其能量更为简便。 相似文献
10.
桂起权 《武汉工程职业技术学院学报》2007,19(1):34-38
充分肯定了新创的量子力学曲率解释的优点，赞扬改进后的“相互作用实在论”，解决了不可知论的疑难。重点强调直觉图像思维模式对于理解量子物理学和对于科学创造的启发性功能。并用多元主义方法论的观点分析几种典型的量子力学解释，表明它们各有独特的一面。 相似文献
11.
从哈密顿-雅可毕方程和玻姆量子势角度,说明量子力学的经典极限是经典统计力学,用玻姆量子势和Ehrenfest定理对自由粒子高斯波包态等进行了比较分析,指出从H-J方程看量子力学的经典极限能更细致地反映其物理实质. 相似文献
12.
正统的哥本哈根解释因其语义的不一致性受到置疑,非正统解释中最节省的系综解释、本体论解释、多世界解释、模态解释、退相干解释重构了量子力学解释.它们在语义中的解释力与附加性要求都不相同.从解释力强弱与附加性要求两个视角比较这些解释,加深对各种量子力学解释的认识,既是整体科学知识的需要,也是理论语义上一致性的需要. 相似文献
13.
Pandora Hadzidaki 《Science & Education》2008,17(6):613-639
In this paper, we present a multi-dimensional study concerning Heisenberg’s ‚gamma ray microscope’, a thought experiment,
which is intimately connected with the historical development of quantum mechanics (QM), and also with the most disputed interpretations
of quantum theory. In this study: (a) we investigate how philosophers of science read and explicate the function of thought
experimentation in physical science; (b) in the light of relevant philosophical theories, we examine the complicated epistemological
questions raised by the ‚gamma-ray microscope’ during the birth-process of QM and the contribution of this thought experiment
to the clarification of the physical meaning of Heisenberg’s indeterminacy relations; (c) on the basis of the preceding analysis,
we propose an instructional intervention, which aims at leading learners not only to an essential understanding of QM worldview,
but to a deep insight into the Nature of Science as well. 相似文献
14.
When it was first enunciated, Ehrenfest’s Theorem provided a necessary and important link between classical mechanics and
quantum mechanics. Today, the content of the theorem is understood to be a natural and immediate consequence of the equation
of motion for operators when quantum mechanics is formulated in the Heisenberg picture. Nevertheless, the theorem leads to
useful approximations when systems with Hamiltonians of higher than quadratic order in the dynamical variables are considered.
In this two-part article, we use it to provide a convenient illustration of the differences between so-called classical and
nonclassical states of radiation. 相似文献
15.
针对西部普通高校的实际教学条件,通过精心选用双语教材,采用多种教学措施,并辅之成绩评定策略调整,建立起了一个量子力学双语教学的雏形。 相似文献
16.
陈国庆 《韩山师范学院学报》2008,29(2)
量子力学的形式体系建立超前于物理诠释,这为量子力学解释群的形成提供了现实的可能性前提。但量子力学和经典物理学语言体系分别蕴涵着不同的本体预设,描述宏观世界的经典力学与描述微观世界的量子力学在作用机制、质点抽象、概率的应用均有本质的区别。因而,借助经典物理学的概念描述微观物理实在图景会在本质上存在不适应性。在此语境下,我们认为,尽管哥本哈根学派之解释有不足之处,但目前在整体上还没有哪种解释比它更优越。 相似文献
17.
K. Krijtenburg-Lewerissa H. J. Pol A. Brinkman W. R. van Joolingen 《International Journal of Science Education》2019,41(3):349-366
This article describes a Delphi study aiming to investigate which quantum mechanics topics experts consider to be important to teach at the secondary level, and what arguments these experts give. A series of three questionnaires was administered to experts in the fields of quantum physics, mathematics, chemistry and biophysics (n?=?17, 12, 11 for the first, second, and third questionnaires, respectively; the number of participants changed due to attrition). Several experts from this group (n?=?9) were also interviewed. Results show that there is consensus on the topics considered to be important, i.e. duality, wave functions and atoms. Experts mainly based their topic ranking on relations between concepts, and on what quantum mechanics topics they consider to be fundamental. The topics that were considered less important were often described as too difficult or too complex. 相似文献
18.
Quantum theory’s unusual predictions stem from its basic formalism which involves concepts like the wavefunction or probabilityamplitudes instead of probabilities. Many serious doubts have been raised about quantum theory’s connection with perceived classical dynamics. How does quantum mechanics, with all its strange ideas, unfold to give us the ‘reality’ of the familiar physical world? What is the connection between theclassical and thequantum! If quantum mechanics is, indeed, the fundamental theory of nature, as is widely accepted, then how does it explainclassicality! In the following, some of the fascinating conceptual problems of quantum mechanics are highlighted. The ‘environment-induceddecoherence’ approach is then discussed as one practical attempt at explaining the emergence of a classical world from an underlying quantum substrate 相似文献
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20.
连劭名 《北京教育学院学报》2009,23(4):35-37,43
《左传》是我国先秦时代的一部文学名著。中学语文教材中选录了一些《左传》中的篇章,对学生学习古代汉语与传统文化十分有益。教材中的注释有些不够准确,容易造成误解,现在作些辩证工作,供教师参考。 相似文献