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1.
根据统一潮流控制器（ＵＰＦＣ）基本原理和运行状态的分析提出了含有统一潮流控制器的柔性交流输电系统（ＦＡＣＴＳ）潮流计算的综合数学模型．此模型可以采用快速Ｐ－Ｑ分解法求解．算例系统计算结果表明该模型和算法有很好的收敛性．该潮流计算程序为柔性交流输电系统的潮流分析和动态过程的初值计算提供一种有效的手段． 相似文献
2.
Laser Doppler Anemometer has been used to measure the flow field characteristics near the interface around a moving bubble in the presence of ultrafine particles. In order to model a moving bubble, the bubble was fixed into the counter-flow liquid by a metal mesh. Experimental materials are air and water, and the particles are complex oxidate powder. Experiments were carried out under the operating conditions: the liquid flow velocity u0 is 12.6 cm/s, the equivalent diameter de is 0.6 cm, the mass concentration of particle is 0.2%,the average particle diameter is about 10 nm and the density is 2 g/cm3. The velocity profiles of both frontal and tail-vortex areas were measured respectively. The experimental results show that the velocity fields are obviously changed in the existence of particles. In the frontal area of the bubble, both tangential and normal velocities decrease due to the presence of particles, but in tail vortex area, the tangential velocities increase remarkably, and normal velocities rise gradually from the center towards the fringe in the opposite tendency to that of no particles. The influences of flow field change in the presence of particles on gas-liquid mass transfer are analyzed and discussed. 相似文献
3.
提出过冷流动沸腾热传递的分形模型,根据加热表面活化点的分形分布得到了过冷流动沸腾热流密度的表达式。从该模型中发现过冷流动沸腾热流密度是壁面过热度、流体的过冷度、流体的主流速度与流体的接触角、流体物理特性的函数关系,并且没有增加新的经验常数。模型预测的结果与实验数据进行了比较,两者是极好的吻合。 相似文献
4.
研究目的：从实验及理论角度闸述边坡高扬程虹吸排水容易断流造成虹吸中断的原凶,并提供解决方案,实观虹吸排水的长期有效。创新要点研究方法重要结论：利用物理模型实验,结合理论解析推导,得到了高扬程虹吸排水管顶部流态特抓及其与管径的关系,解决了高扬程虹吸排水容易断流造成虹吸中断问题,保证了虹吸排水技术住边坡治理工程中的长期有效性。通过物理模型试验,揭示虹吸水流经过管顶区段的兰利,流型特征（见图4）;利用热力学理论推导,得到了虹吸水流绛过管顶区段由贴壁流向弹状流转变的临界管住,址公式（23）。管中形成气液共吲移动的完整掸状流是灾脱虹吸排水长期稳定的关键,虹吸水流绛过管硕区段由贴壁流向弹状流转变时存扯临界管仵。保讹边坡工群中虹吸排水长期稳定的管径以3．6mm为宜。 相似文献
5.
Based on the momentum conservation approach, a theoretical model was developed to predict the superficial liquid velocity, and a correlation equation was established to calculate the gas holdup of an annular external- loop airlift reactor(AELAR)in the bubble flow and developing slug flow pattern. Experiments were performed by using tap-water and silicone oil with the viscosity of 2.0 mm2/s(2cs-SiO)and 5.0 mm2/s(5cs-SiO)as liquid phases. The effects of liquid viscosity and flow pattern on the AELAR performance were investigated. The predictions of the proposed model were in good agreement with the experimental results of the AELAR. In addition, the comparison of the experimental results shows that the proposed model has good accuracy and could be used to predict the gas holdup and liquid velocity of an AELAR operating in bubble and developing flow pattern. 相似文献
6.
岩土体流动(滑坡、泥石流及液化土体等)往往会造成工程结构物的严重破坏,而流动过程中的构型、速度场分布等运动参数是设防的重要依据。目前常规的实验手段难以捕捉岩土体流程过程中运动特征,基于粒子成像测速(PIV)测试技术开发了一套综合评定土体流态运动的模型系统,并通过砂土流动试验验证了模型系统的有效性。该模型系统能实时捕捉土体流动过程流动构型,并可以结合PIV计算准确得到土体流动过程中的速度场分布。基于该模型系统的岩土体流动试验为揭示土体大变形的流动规律提供了参考,同时试验结果也为由于土体流动造成的破坏的设防提供了依据。 相似文献
7.
风机过滤器机组中的高效和超高效过滤器的面风速有很大的不均匀度和紊流强度 ,对单向流洁净区和洁净室中的气流单向性有很大影响 .这种情况下 ,很难控制单向流区域内的交叉污染 .找出优化的方法来保持风机过滤器机组的面风速均匀性及减少面风速的湍流度 ,对于保持风机过滤器机组下方区域的洁净度有重要意义 .采用常用且简便的方法 ,在过滤器下加装均流装置 ,对不同的均流装置进行了测试 .给出风机过滤器机组下的面风速均匀性及湍流度的数据 ,同时研究了面风速均匀性及湍流度对单向流污染边界的影响 相似文献
8.
电动截止阀是流体输送的重要元件.阀的传统设计方法很少从流体角度对其流道进行设计,其流阻系数比较大,容易造成局部压力损失.流体介质通过阀口时,流动方向发生变化,可能产生诸如局部涡流、空化、水锤和死水区等水流现象及湍流脉动噪声,对阀体有很强的破坏性,降低阀的使用寿命.基于RAN-S方程组和RNG k-ε湍流模型,利用CFD技术对全开启状态下的电动截止阀的内流道进行三维的湍流数值模拟,获得其总压图、速度矢量图、湍动能强度图.通过数值模拟,可以直观地显示阀的内流道中流体的流动过程.改变进出口段流道的长度、曲率以及阀杆在流道中的布局等,进出口的压力差相对于未改进前减少30%左右,速度突变区域明显缩小,局部涡流现象消失,湍动能强度也降低了15%左右. 相似文献
9.
A mathematic model of two-phase flow and a physical model of two-dimensional (2D) vertical section for the plate-type structured packing Mellapak 250.Y were set up and verified. The models were used to study the influence of packing’s surface microstructure on the continuity of liquid film and the amount of liquid holdup. Simulation results show that the round corner shape and micro wavy structure are favorable in remaining the continuity of liquid film and increasing the amount of liquid holdup. The appropriate liquid flow rate was determined by investigating different liquid loadings to obtain an unbroken liquid film on the packing surface. The pressure difference between inlet and outlet for gas phase allowed gas and liquid to flow countercurrently in a 2D computational domain. The direction change of gas flow occurred near the phase interface area. 相似文献
10.
气升式内环流反应器的液相流动混合模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1Introduction Internalairliftloopreactor(AL)[1],originatedfrom bubblecolumn(BC)[2],isanefficientreactor.Itsspe cialsuperiorties,suchasthesimplicityofitsdesign andbettertransportrates,makeitveryattractivein fermentationengineering,wastewatertreatmentand cellsculture.Asisknown,themixinglevelofthe fluidisdirectlyaffectedbytheflowcharacteristicsof liquid.Thetwo phaseflowinreactorisverycomplex andincompletemixingbecauseofbackmixing,dead zone,bypassandtime lapse.Generally,theresearch isbasedontwoi… 相似文献
11.
Modeling of D-STATCOM in distribution systems load flow 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
HOSSEINI Mehdi SHAYANFAR Heidar Ali FOTUHI-FIRUZABAD Mahmud 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(10):1532-1542
This paper presents modeling of Distribution STATCOM (D-STATCOM) in load flow calculations for the steady- state voltage compensation. An accurate model for D-STATCOM is derived to use in load flow calculations. The rating of this device as well as the direction of required reactive power injection for voltage compensation in the desired value (1 p.u.) is de- rived and discussed analytically and mathematically by the phasor diagram method. Furthermore, an efficient method for node and line identification used in load flow calculations is presented. The validity of the proposed model is examined by using two standard distribution systems consisting of 33 and 69 nodes, respectively. The best location of D-STATCOM for under voltage problem mitigation approach in the distribution networks is determined. The results validate the proposed model for D- STATCOM in large distribution systems. 相似文献
12.
本文用DLR（近壁低雷诺数）型k-ε紊流模型·BFC（边界拟合曲线坐标变换）法对锥形扩散器内的紊流进行了数值仿真与分析。通过对数值仿真结果和实验结果的比较,分析不同模型常数组、模型函数组和时间步长对时均速度和紊流动能的影响。 相似文献
13.
RH和RH-KTB精炼过程中钢液流动和混合特性的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The flow and mixing characteristics of molten steel during the vacuum circulation refining,including RH(Ruhrstahl-Heraeus) and RH-KTB(Ruhrastahl-Heraeus-Kawasaki top blowing) processes,were investigated on a 1/5 linear scale water model of a 90t multifunction RH degasser,The circulation rate was directly and more accurately determined,using a new method by which the more reliable results can be obtained.The fluid flow pattern and flow field in the ladle were demonstrated,observed and analyzed.The mixing time of liquid in the ladle was measured using electrical conductivity method.The residence time distribution in the RH model was obtained by tracer response technique.The influence of the main technological and geometric factors,including the gas top blowing*(KTB) operation,was examined.The results indicated that the circulation rate of molten steel in the RH degasser can be fairly precisely calculated by the formula:Q1p=0.0333Qg^0.26Du^0.69Dd^0.80(t/min),where Qg-the lifting gas flow rate(NL/min);Du and Dd-the inner diameters of the up and down-snorkels(cm),respectively.The maximum value of circulation rate of molten steel in the case of the 30cm diameters either of the up-and down-snorkels for the RH degasser(the “Saturated” rate) is approximately 31 t/min.the corresponding gas flow rate is 900NL/min.Blowing gas into the vacuum chamber through the top lance like KTB operation does not markedly influence the circulatory flow and mixing charateristics of the RH process under the conditions of the present work.There exist a major loop and a large number of small vortices and eddies in the ladle during the RH refining process.A liquidliquid two-phase flow is formed between the descnding stream from the down-snorkel and the liquid around the stream.All of these flow situation and pattern will strongly influence and determine the mixing and mass transfer in the ladle during the refining.The correlation between the mixing time and the stirring energy density is τmε^0.50 for the RH degasser.The mixing time rapidly shortens with an increase in the lifting gas flowrate.At a same gas flow rate,the mixing times with the up-and down-snorkel diameters either of 6 and 7cm are essentially same.The 30cm diameters either of the up-and down-snorkels for the RH degasser would be reasonalble.The concentration-time curve showed that three circulation cycles are at least needed for complete mixing of the liquid steel in the RH degasser. 相似文献
14.
冯苏苇 《上海大学学报(英文版)》2005,9(1):1-5
Based on two main hypotheses of traffic economical equilibrium and the relationship between traffic density and the demand, an evolution equation of traffic cost was proposed to describe the change of cost under decreasing toll. Economical explanation of the model and a numerical case were given to demonstrate the constraint between the marginal traffic demand and the flow velocity. 相似文献
15.
A homogeneous theoretical model is developed to predict the performance of R22 and R290 in adiabatic capillary tubes. The model is based on conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy. Metastable both liquid and two-phase flow regions are considered in the model. In metastable two-phase region, superheated liquid is introduced into the metastable mixture viscosity and two methods are presented to evaluate it. The model is validated by comparing the predicted pressure and temperature profile and mass flow rate with several investigators′ experimental data of R22 and one of its alternatives R290 reported in literature. All of the predicted mass flow rates are within ±8% of measured values. Comparisons are also made between the present model and other investigators′ models or sizing correlation. The model can be used for design or simulation calculation of adiabatic capillary tubes. 相似文献
16.
对下喷自吸环流反应器内气－液两相流和气－液－团三相流体系的液相局部流动特性进行了实验研究．用改进皮托管对液相瞬时速度进行了测量，并借助湍流统计理论对渡相平均速度、液相湍动速度和湍动微尺度等液相局部流动参数进行了统计分析和处理，着重讨论了喷射液体流量和固体粒子加入量分别对喷射有效区和导流筒内管流区液相局部流动参数的影响． 相似文献
17.
应用改进的格子气模型(即将行人的最大速度扩展到大于1)研究行人的最大速度对过道中单向和双向行人流的影响。模拟结果显示:最大速度为5时所对应基本图的临界密度跟实验值比较符合,说明该扩展是必要的;在一定范围内随着行人最大速度的增大道路的整体通行能力增强同时临界密度减小;双向行人流的时空斑图显示行人最大速度的增大加快了拥堵的形成过程(即缩短了行人从局部拥堵演化为完全拥堵的时间)。 相似文献
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19.
Dependent on automatically generated unstructured grids, a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics(CFD)numerical simulation is performed to analyze the influence of nozzle geometry on the internal flow characteristics of a multi-hole diesel injector with the multi-phase flow model based on Eulerian multi-fluid method.The diesel components in nozzle are considered as two continuous phases, diesel liquid and diesel vapor respectively.Considering that both of them are fully coupled and interpenetrated, sepa... 相似文献
20.
Short path distillation (SPD) is a kind of high vacuum distillation method, which is suitable for the separation of high boiling, heat sensitivity and viscidity products.In this paper,through measuring the phase-averaged velocity distributions with a conditional sampling method of the particle imaging velocimetry (PIV), the liquid flow field that affects the heat and mass transfer of evaporating thin-film in an SPD evaporator is investigated.Measured results show that the flow velocities decrease rapidly apart from the wiper at different wiper velocities, the maximum velocity appears before wipers, and the quicker the wiping, the larger the flow velocity. Meanwhile, the evaluation of numerical calculations is carried out.The measured velocity distributions indicate clearly the effect of the wiper both on the flow field along its moving direction and on the vortices behind the wiper.Simulation data show that the performance of liquid flow field on the heating surface not only agrees with the experimental results well,but also can give further more information, such as the distribution of turbulent kinetic energy.In this study,turbulent kinetic energy mainly distributes before wipers and laminar flow appears far away from the wipers. 相似文献