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1.
Contemporary educational policy discourse in South Africa that seeks to serve the poor and address equity issues needs to engage with the roots of twentieth‐century social reform debates if it is meet its goals. One of the weaknesses of the templates for reform at the present time is that they often fail to engage with progressive traditions which have a long history. Present‐day reforms look to agency recommendations or comparative examples of “successful” emergent economies, but often fail to recognize the value and significance of previous initiatives which sought to address these issues. The long debate over the need for social welfare and educational reform in British colonial Africa has some significance in this regard. The period between 1930 and 1950 marked a key turning point in such policy in colonial Africa, and significant reform initiatives in South Africa from the early years of the Second World War provide the benchmarks for such investigations. The social welfare policies and the educational policy initiatives of the United Party government during the 1940s provide important signposts for such policies. This article attempts to investigate that legacy. 相似文献
2.
J. Manuel Galvin Arribas 《European Journal of Education》2016,51(4):495-512
This article analyses moves towards good multilevel governance approaches in Vocational Education and Training (VET) as an effective way to improve VET policy making in transition and developing countries, focusing on the Southern Neighbourhood of the EU (ENPI South). The centralised approaches in public administration and to VET governance still prevail in this region. The new modes of governance applied by the EU in the policy area of education and training are based on the Open Method of Coordination (OMC). They are a source of inspiration to improve VET governance, taking into account the complexity of VET policies and systems. According to current European and international experiences, the most effective, relevant and attractive VET models and systems are demand‐driven. They rely on the effective and accountable participation of both state (national/local public actors) and non‐state VET stakeholders (e.g. employers, sectoral actors, unions) in decision‐making and policy implementation processes. This could also pave the way towards self‐governed and performance‐based VET provider institutions which would give quicker responses to rapidly changing labour market skills, competences and qualification needs. Thus, this means putting in practice more and better inclusion and effective cooperation and coordination of regional and local voices of VET actors and developing stronger social partnerships to engage employers, unions and civil society in shaping and investing in skills development. Furthermore, the role of methodological tools for VET governance is not only to provide an analytical ground to capture data and structure further policy advice. These tools can also be used as ice‐breakers to improve collaboration, inclusiveness, multi‐participation and trust‐building among policy makers as they work together on very sensitive issues such as reviewing country VET governance models, modes and institutional arrangements, and/or planning policy thinking and/or learning for implementing coordination mechanisms for VET policy making. The European Training Foundation (ETF) has implemented a methodology to map, analyse and self‐assess good multilevel governance in VET, inspired by how EU governance soft tools in education and training are being used. This methodology has been applied to the Governance for Employability in the Mediterranean (GEMM) project in the ENPI South region, which is a regional project implemented by the ETF and financed by the European Commission's Directorate General for Neighbourhood and Enlargements Negotiations (NEAR). 相似文献
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The current decade has seen a significant return of interest in vocational education and training (VET) amongst the international policy community. This rise in policy and programmatic interest in VET's role in development, however, stands in contrast to the state of the academic debate. Whilst there have continued to be both policy and academic developments in VET in OECD countries; in the South there has been a paucity of VET research and little in the way of theoretical exploration. Rather, the academic orthodoxy in the international education and development field is dismissive of VET's possible contribution. Given the return of the policy interest in VET for development, and the possibilities of a broader vision of education–development relations beyond 2015, when the MDGs end, it is time to revisit the role of VET in development from an explicitly theoretical stance. In this article, I argue that the current approach to VET is grounded in an outmoded model of development, whilst the academic critique of VET in developing countries is clearly long outdated. In contrast, I examine the implications for VET of recent trends in thinking about development through the exploration of three particular theoretical approaches: human rights, capabilities and integrated human development. I conclude by considering the purposes, natures and possibilities of VET as a means of human development. 相似文献
5.
汪爱平 《广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012,48(2):139-145
美国的南海政策,因循的是为美国对外总体战略服务的原则,既是其国家利益谋求的现实凝练与体现,同时又是其对外战略拓展的历史积累与沉淀。美国南海政策的演变,体现了美国对中国防范与遏制的战略思路,对南海地区的局势及当事国的行为都产生了难以预料的影响;中国对此应冷静应对。 相似文献
6.
The behavior of academics and academic institutions is examined through the concept of rent seeking, in which organizations or individuals expend resources to obtain ‘artificially contrived transfers’. International ranking systems, publication-based incentives, and grant awarding processes, all encourage and reward rent seeking behavior: participants engage in distorted, costly behavior to obtain rewards, including public funds, without regard to the social value of these activities. This may be especially damaging in developing countries. Detailed examples from South Africa's higher education system illustrate such behavior and its relation to policy. The paper concludes by sketching an outline of some possible solutions. 相似文献
7.
《International Journal of Educational Research》2001,35(3):281-292
This chapter argues the need to acknowledge the limitations of multiculturalism in approaching social justice in South African education, in the face of the understandable post-apartheid enthusiasm for multiculturalism. Examining policy documents and public discourse about the concept and implementation of multiculturalism as well as the concept of culture itself, the authors raises a tension between multiculturalism, on the one hand, and the frequently proclaimed policy goals of promoting a non-sexist order and of teaching critical thinking in a culture of human rights, on the other. Indeed, it is suggested that an uncritical enthrallment to multiculturalism is more likely to prejudice the education of girls by preventing a critique of oppressive practices that undermine their interests and rights. While the political liberalism that preoccupies political philosophy in the West offers little guidance on dealing with difference to countries like South Africa, the emergence of a liberal universalist feminism offers greater scope for educational intervention against oppressive practices wrongly defended in the name of multiculturalism. 相似文献
8.
朱念 《南宁职业技术学院学报》2015,(1):30-34
以南海争端背景下南海渔业资源有效管控系统框架构建为导向,以博弈论中的非合作博弈模型为基础,运用多种研究手段与方法,在全面分析中国南海渔业资源开发的现状、南海周边国家相关渔业资源开发管理措施的基础上,结合中国渔业资源管理实际,借鉴国外海洋大国渔业资源管控的经验教训,积极探索和创新适合中国国情的南海渔业资源有效管控机制、路径、模式,构建有效管控体系,健全政策运行机制,完善应急管理机制。 相似文献
9.
韩国是我国的临国，虽然社会制度不同，但所遇到的社会难题和教育问题，诸如早期留学热、课外辅导热、教育不公、教师评价难、职业教育衰竭等十分相近。韩国与社会制度相同的欧美各国的教育改革也有所不同，每届政府都很重视教育问题，努力通过修订国家相关的教育法律、政策和采取有效的行政措施，积极推进多项教育改革，以解决学业负担重、教育质量下滑、社会不公等诸多社会难题，值得分析与借鉴。 相似文献
10.
文章从社会变革的角度,在跨历史与制度的国际比较视野中,分析韩国与中国职业技术教育的演变历程与特征及发展趋向。作者从三个方面进行分析与比较：第一,从宏观层面对韩、中两国职业技术教育演变的基本特征作以比较；第二,从微观层面探讨了两国职业技术教育政策制定的演变过程、特点、影响因素；第三,在前两部分的比较之基础上,讨论了两国职业技术教育发展的环境与背景、前景与挑战、发展的方向与新的特征。最后,在把握两国职业技术教育的“来龙”与“去脉”的演变轨迹之基础上,提出切实的改革建议。 相似文献
11.
Charlene Tan 《Globalisation, Societies & Education》2019,17(4):536-547
ABSTRACTThis article analyses and compares the motivations and (re)actions of the education authorities and parents in South Korea and mainland China towards schooling reform. The focus is on two policy initiatives – Free Semester Programme in South Korea and Comprehensive Practical Activity Curriculum in China. Applying the theoretical constructs of sensemaking and sensegiving, it is contended that the policy actors in both countries mutually influence each other in their calculated responses to prevailing educational challenges and policy measures. The examples of South Korea and China illuminate the power of resources, processes and meanings as an integral part of sensegiving and sensemaking. 相似文献
12.
Patterns and purposes in the uses and misuses of the term ‘critical thinking’ in the social sciences
This article analyses the uses and representations of the term “critical thinking” in the social science literature, based on a qualitative content analysis of titles, abstracts and keywords retrieved from the SCOPUS database for Germany, France and Russia over the last two decades. Our analysis focuses on how the use of the term “critical thinking” has increased over time, in which contexts the term is used and in which part of article texts it is used. Our findings are counterintuitive on several levels. First, the term “critical thinking” is seldom used in a pluri-disciplinary context. More commonly, it is used within specific discourses—notably education. Second, we found that it is mainly used instrumentally, rather than analytically. Third, most of the articles that use the term do not engage in actual critical analysis. There are also important geographic variation in the use of the term. In articles from Germany and Russia the term is used in similar ways—and differently in France. These nuances are difficult to analyse however, due to the different topics addressed, as well as author preferences. The use of the term “critical thinking” is diverse; indeed, at times weak and paradoxical. Finally, we discuss how editorial policy in academic journals possibly influences the discourse on critical thinking. 相似文献
13.
Hilary G. Conklin 《理论付诸实践》2018,57(4):289-297
In this article, I consider what Noddings’ ideas about the critical lessons schools should teach might suggest for social education and critical thinking at the middle school level. Giving particular consideration to Noddings’ calls to engage young people in self-understanding and allow students to pursue their interests, this article explores how the middle school years present an especially rich opportunity to engage students in an examination of the period of young adolescence, allow them to enter the debates about schooling for the middle grades, and use students’ interests as a springboard for examining complex social issues. Considering Noddings’ (2015, p. 1) urging for us to engage in the mission of “producing better adults,” I argue that the critical middle school years offer a generative time in young people’s lives to advance this important work. 相似文献
14.
This article is mainly concerned with the capability of trainee teachers to implement learner-centred practice at one of the teacher education institutions in Malawi. The notion of learner-centred education has assumed a positive policy position for teaching and learning in both primary and secondary sectors not only in Malawi, but also in the wider world. However, there is no clear evidence on the extent to which trainee teachers or indeed qualified teachers develop and utilise learner-centred education during their classroom pedagogical practices. The appropriation and application of a pedagogical theory involves adopting tools for thinking that are made available by various social agents, structures and systems within cultural learning settings. The findings in the study indicate that appropriation and application of learner-centred education is constrained by various factors. These findings resonate with findings from other countries and indicate that progressive pedagogical notions aligned with social constructivism promoted in teacher education institutions have not resulted in widespread change in classroom practice. Teacher educators and policy makers need to be aware of this and examine relevant ways and possibly adaptations that can be reasonably made to ensure that secondary teaching appropriately benefits from the strength of learner-centred pedagogy. 相似文献
15.
Brantlinger E 《Journal of learning disabilities》2004,37(6):490-499
This article expands the ideas presented in Reid and Valle's essay by further exploring the construct of normality and its implications for children in schools. It examines the reasons for the nature of current school policy and practice by explicating who benefits and who loses from typical school structures and recent national legislation. Finally, it advocates for a transformation of thinking about the purpose of schools and suggests a radical restructuring that would support social reciprocity and community. 相似文献
16.
Byrnes LJ Sigafoos J Rickards FW Brown PM 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2002,7(3):244-257
The inclusion of students who are deaf or hard of hearing in Department of Education and Training (government) schools in the state of New South Wales, Australia, is supported through a policy known as the Special Education Policy (NSW Department of School Education, 1993). The policy is operational for all students with disabilities, learning difficulties, or behavior disorders, regardless of their educational provision. This article focuses on how the policy and continuum of services have developed and the attitudes of stakeholders toward both policy and practice. The article begins by framing the policy in terms of legal mandates and then gives an overview of current educational provisions, followed by a discussion of attitudes toward inclusion as held by stakeholders in New South Wales government schools. The article concludes by attempting to assess the potential effects of both policy and practice on students who are deaf or hard of hearing. 相似文献
17.
Greg Burnett 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2008,9(2):148-156
This article explores the issue of language policy analysis for elementary school teachers in the Oceania region, that is
Polynesian nations in the southern and eastern, Melanesian nations in the western and Micronesian nations in the northern
parts of the Pacific Ocean region. It is grounded in an understanding that education policy work of any kind is contested
and political but nevertheless an exercise that elementary school teachers need to engage in. The ideas examined in the article
are timely given recent ‘re-thinking’ language policy work across the region initiated in early 2005 by the Institute of Education
at the University of the South Pacific and the Pacific Regional Initiatives for the Delivery of [basic] Education (PRIDE),
in Fiji. This article draws on a template for education policy analysis that enables teachers in particular to ask critical
key questions around language policy context, text and consequences (Taylor et al., 1997). These questions offer teachers
a language for examining language and language policy issues that concern them in their everyday work and thus a possible
way of accessing and contributing to debates from which they are often excluded. 相似文献
18.
Leonel Lim 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2014,35(1):61-76
In undertaking a critical discourse analysis of the professed aims and objectives of one of the most influential curricula in the teaching of thinking, this article foregrounds issues of power and ideology latent in curricular discourses of rationality. Specifically, it documents the subtle but powerful ways in which political and class commitments are (re-)produced in the forms of thinking that are valued in schools and societies. Through a nuanced analysis of the language features of the text and the social and political ideologies that underpin it, the article argues that such curricula engage in shaping our common-sense understandings of what thinking and rationality is and should be in instrumental forms that both connect to neoliberal prerogatives and that facilitate the social reproduction of a particular fraction of the middle class. 相似文献
19.
Vocational Education for Sustainable Development: an obligation for the European Training Foundation
EVELYN VIERTEL 《European Journal of Education》2010,45(2):217-235
This article presents an argued case for making sustainable development a policy obligation for the European Training Foundation (ETF) and for vocational education and training (VET) reform in the partner countries that are served by ETF. In relation to ETF it points out that no major emphasis has been put to date on combining economic, social and environmental considerations. It then analyses the ways economies operate in relation to sustainable development and the changed knowledge and skills needed for both economies and for a sustainable future. Implications for VET reform include attending to the broad goals of inclusion and equity, a reconsideration of the competences to be developed and the didactic approaches within a framework of lifelong learning. The didactics proposed are in line with current thinking related to constructivist pedagogy, an inter-disciplinary approach to ‘real life’ problems and increasing the porosity of school boundaries to the community. The scope of VET's mission should extend well beyond the confines of preparing young people for narrow labour market skills. The article is of particular significance for re-directing the focus of ETF and VET reform policy but will be of interest to a much wider audience, as it provides a synthesis of future-oriented ideas and options relating to education's obligations to face the urgent need to ensure sustainability. 相似文献
20.
This article provides an overview and analysis of the relationship between gender, educational policy, and governance in Scotland and Sweden and the two countries’ response to European Union and global legislative and policy change. In Scotland, gender is mainly invisible in recent policies on inclusion, achievement beyond academic attainment, and the idealisation of the child. Gender is thus marginalised within a range of factors contributing to social in/equality. In Sweden, in contrast, gender has higher visibility in policy and governance as both an indicator of democracy and a means of preserving social democratic consensus and prosperity. However, recently its privileged position has come under attack. We draw on social capital, gender, and policy theory to analyse the range of influences on gender and educational governance in the two countries including that of the social capital of organised feminism. 相似文献