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1.
Nicoline Frølich 《Higher Education》2006,52(3):405-420
The paper discusses strategies for internationalisation in Norwegian research and higher educational institutions in terms of understanding them in relation to the organisations’ relation to environments and/or in relation to the organisations basic values and identities. The empirical material consists of six case studies (3 universities, 2 university colleges and 1 research institute). Points of departure are observed through increasing competition, normative transformations in terms of increasing economic justifications of internationalisation and impetus to coherent strategic actions. To what extent does the Norwegian landscape of responses to internationalisation fit such interpretations? Based on this case study we may safely conclude that increased competition as a major driver of internationalisation policies and practices in these organisations is still to come. An economic justification of policies and practices is not the major reason to internationalise, given the perceptions of these organisations. They are currently deeply embedded in academic rationales for internationalisation. 相似文献
2.
LUKAS GRAF 《European Journal of Education》2009,44(4):569-585
In recent years, the global market for higher education has expanded rapidly, while internationalisation strategies have been developed at university, national and European levels to increase the competitiveness of higher education institutions. This article asks how institutional settings prevailing in national models of capitalism motivate distinct national approaches with regard to the internationalisation, globalisation, and Europeanisation of higher education systems. While the university is defined as an organisational actor embedded in the higher education system, the higher education system itself represents an institutional subsystem within the national model of capitalism. An analytical framework is then developed on the basis of the Varieties of Capitalism approach to compare the internationalisation of German and British universities. Findings indicate that the relations between the various actors involved in the internationalisation of universities are based largely on market coordination in the British case. In contrast, this process in Germany relies more on strategic interactions between the various organisational actors in higher education. The development paths in the internationalisation of universities are found to be influenced by and reflect the specific mode of coordination in the respective higher education system and the national model of capitalism more generally. This comparative case study shows that recent conceptions of path dependence as well as conceptual tools developed in the Varieties of Capitalism literature, such as institutional complementarity and comparative institutional advantage, may be fruitfully applied to research on institutional change in higher education systems. 相似文献
3.
于洁 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2019,(4):15-22
随着一流大学、一流学科建设步伐的不断加快,大学对科研生产日益重视。"唯论文"成为了一些高校开展教育评价的重要手段,致使不少教师在科研付出与教学努力方面出现厚此薄彼现象,这引起了学界的广泛关注。如何实现大学教学与科研并重?制度理论提供了一个从组织环境的角度去研究、认识的出发点。通过深入剖析大学的基本功能入手,在制度理论逻辑下进行研究发现:第一,大学的教学功能符合制度环境的合法性要求,符合政府、社会、家长、学生的关切,是推进人才培养层次提升的必然要求。而大学的科研功能是技术环境所追求的效率标准的产物。高校所开展的科学研究、知识创新,对经济社会发展起到促进作用;以教师论文(著作、教材)生产为主线的教育评价方式便于量化,这些都是大学服从技术环境的规则选择的结果。第二,以科研为先的大学组织面临着教学与科研失衡的困境。一方面是面临来自组织外部的排名压力。高校行政管理人员与教师在对待科研生产方面,具有较强的异质性;高校倾向于制定各种实现绩效最大化的政策与激励措施,以便调动广大教师的科研的潜在动力;科研奖励模式对于青年教师群体而言,其促进效果是突出的。另一方面是面临来自组织内部的科研竞争压力。科研评估不仅是大学实现自身合法性的需求,也是大学为二级学院设立的竞争机制的需要。第三,应借助帕累托改进方法,建立组织代表构成规则、学院对资源再分配、树立教学权威,构建大学教学与科研并重的理想状态。大学应充分利用已经积累起来的科研资源,促进科研成果转化、服务于教育教学,把教学与科研之间的差距缩小到可以承受的水平;尊重教育教学与科研生产的内在差异和运行规律。 相似文献
4.
This article investigates strategies for internationalisation at technical universities in the Nordic countries. The study explores the institutional rationales for internationalisation, the stories told in the strategy documents, the importance of leaders, faculty, administration and students for implementation of the strategy, and barriers and key components of successful internationalisation. We studied the strategic work with internationalisation across 27 technical universities in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. This work reflects both global trends of competition and the traditional Nordic model of cooperation. Overall, the universities incorporated internationalisation in their strategies in order to increase quality in research and education, and to establish strategic partnerships and networks. There is a shift in rationales from a more traditional approach of internationalisation to a new integrated form. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(7):942-958
AbstractAmidst opportunities for universities to consider international academic staff in supporting internationalisation and innovation in academic practice, there is very little research to provide insights into their attitudes towards institutional approaches and frameworks in place to enable this. This article focuses on this research gap, suggesting that this academic community might enhance the development of internationally-informed and innovative pedagogic practice. The research reported within the article constitutes a preliminary study, set within a UK higher education case study setting. Methods included focus groups and themed in-depth interviews with a sample of 34 international academic staff from over 15 countries. The findings and discussion provide insights into the perspectives and experiences of international academic staff in relation to the Postgraduate Certificate in Teaching and Learning and other institutional practice. Innovative pedagogic practice as enabled by international academic staff is discussed, as are approaches to the internationalisation of the curricula. The findings are relevant to the UK higher education context but also to the global context: academic institutions need to consider whether curriculum and processes are limited and limiting in favour of a narrow cultural lens. 相似文献
6.
本文以综合性世界大学排名的单项数据为参考,选出每个单项考量指标中各国排名前两名大学的数据进行分类比较,旨在分析各国顶尖大学在研究水平、师资力量、教育质量、教育国际化和社会影响力等五个方面之间的差异,并据此对世界各主要国家及地区的顶尖大学建设特点进行了分析。 相似文献
7.
Creating and disseminating knowledge through research and teaching has long been regarded as the hallmark of the modern university. However, new university business models have called into question the ‘bundling’ of teaching and research, and sustained research on the relationship between teaching and research has found little evidence of an insoluble connection between the two activities. In this article, we explore the relationship between teaching and research from the perspective of universities’ institutional discourse. We use corpus-assisted discourse analysis to examine the relationship between research and teaching as presented in two sets of institutional texts currently influential in UK Higher Education: Research Excellence Framework environment statements and Teaching Excellence Framework provider submissions (a total of 2143 documents and 12,492,071 words). Our findings show that, while universities emphasise the value of research to their teaching, they do not always emphasise (or sometimes even decry) the influence of teaching on their research. We empirically evidence that, according to what universities themselves write in institutional texts, teaching and research are not always in a mutually beneficial entanglement, but often rather a one-way relationship in which research expertise and institutional prestige are used to bolster claims of teaching excellence. This has implications for the communication of both the vision and the purpose of a university in regulatory exercises and wider policy, but also speaks to the broader idea and practice of being a university in the twenty-first century. 相似文献
8.
Yuan Gao 《Higher Education》2018,76(2):317-336
Since universities’ commitment to internationalisation has been increasing, instruments for measuring institutional internationalisation performance are urgently needed to monitor and evaluate the progress made about internationalisation. Although efforts have been made to develop various tools, an internationally applicable instrument for universities to measure and compare their internationalisation performance remains missing. This study attempted to develop an indicator framework of such kind to fill the gap. A total of 182 administrative staff and 17 policymakers from 17 flagship universities in Australia, Singapore and China were consulted in order to establish the framework. The study resulted in a set of 15 indicators that captures six key dimensions of university internationalisation. It attempts to cover internationalisation in its widest possible sense with practical number of indicators. This study also contributes to the knowledge body of developing measurement for university internationalisation by reflecting on the fundamental challenge of measuring the phenomenon. 相似文献
9.
Structural Development of Finnish Universities: Achieving Competitiveness and Academic Excellence 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper discusses strategic instruments that are used to enhance the competitiveness of Finnish universities in the context of globalisation, internationalisation and commercialisation of research and education. The Finnish higher education system is currently undergoing a major policy reform, which aims to enhance the competitiveness of Finnish universities through structural development. This article focuses specifically on three themes of structural development: institutional cooperation and mergers between universities; stratification and differentiation; and changes in governance and leadership. Three ongoing projects are used as illustrations. 相似文献
10.
The evolution of globalisation and ensuing internationalisation of higher education need radical reform of institutional policies and practices to promote education for diversity, equity and inclusion. Extant literature on university/college student persistence/retention witnesses a lack of research on the subjective sense of belonging on campus among ethnic minoritised students who have been historically marginalised in higher education and are now part of the emerging demographic on campus. This study attempted to fill the gap. Engaging qualitative individual interviews with 12 university students of South/Southeast Asian ethnicity in Hong Kong, the purpose of this study was to examine their perceptions and experiences of institutional affiliations and engagement in university. Findings suggested that being connected to the programme and university, and the depth and quality of intragroup dynamics, are key to a sense of belonging among ethnic minority students. Findings also elucidated a lack of cross-cultural interaction and racial/ethnic diversity within the university environment, which shaped participants’ feelings of isolation and exclusionary experiences as they sought to adjust to the campus academically and socially. The study’s findings could help inform the development and evaluation of institutional strategies that can sustain minoritised students in university transitions and promote institutional connectedness and academic success among all students on campus. 相似文献
11.
Jeffery E. Olson DAIL 《Research in higher education》1994,35(5):549-567
Scholars disagree about the manner and extent of environmental structuring of university activities. This study supports arguments
that the environment highly structures the relationships between faculty and the academic products of undergraduate instruction,
graduate instruction, and research. Multiple correlation coefficients exceeded 90 percent for regressions of faculty size
on counts of undergraduate and graduate enrollments and published articles for all universities classified as Research I or
II or Doctoral I or II, demonstrating how constrained is doctoral faculty gross productivity in doctoral universities in the
United States. Possible institutional and technical constraints are discussed. The regressions reveal economies of scale and
economies of scope for some mixes of faculty academic activities, but not for others. Implications on productivity are explored
for university type, control, and science emphasis. A typology for productivity studies is also outlined. 相似文献
12.
Kohei Takagi 《Frontiers of Education in China》2015,10(4):578-607
In the changing higher education environment, universities increasingly engage in areas outside the traditional teaching and research missions. The new missions extend over wide yet specialized areas, such as technological advancement, internationalization, entrepreneurship, and enhancement of teaching and learning. To effectively handle these areas, universities require specific talents that may not be found in conventional academic and administrative cadres. The transformation highlights blurred boundaries between academic and non-academic spheres of the university. Situated in the University of Hong Kong (HKU), this paper explores how the university utilizes new professionals and administrative staff in new missions. Qualitative interviews with university staff reveal their profiles and perceptions in evolving organizational structures. By examining understudied subjects in Hong Kong, it discusses implications of changing university staff and how universities may optimize their new talent. 相似文献
13.
Academic identity and autonomy in a changing policy environment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mary Henkel 《Higher Education》2005,49(1-2):155-176
The article draws on two research projects to explore the implications of policy change in the UK for academic identities within a predominantly communitarian theoretical perspective. It focuses on biological scientists and science policies. It examines the impacts of changes upon the dynamic between individuals, disciplines and universities within which academic identities are formed and sustained and upon individual and collective values central to academic identity, namely the primacy of the discipline in academic working lives and academic autonomy. Challenges to these have been strong but they have retained much of their normative power, even if the meaning of academic autonomy has changed. Communitarian theories of academic identity may need to be modified in the contemporary environment but they do not need to be abandoned. 相似文献
14.
Jason Owen-smith 《Higher Education》2005,49(1-2):91-117
The last quarter-century bore witness to a sea change in academic involvement with commerce. Widespread university-based efforts to identify, manage, and market intellectual property (IP) have accompanied broad shifts in the relationship between academic and proprietary approaches to the dissemination and use of science and engineering research. Such transformations are indicators of institutional changes at work in the environment faced by universities. This paper draws upon a fifteen-year panel (1981–1995) of university-level data for 87 research-intensive US campuses in order to document trends and transitions in relationships among multiple indicators of academic and commercial engagement. The institutional environment for public and private science is volatile, shifting in fits and starts from a situation conducive to organizational learning through high volume patenting to a more challenging arrangement that links indiscriminate pursuit of IP with declines in both the volume and impact of academic science. The pattern and timing of these transitions may support an enduring system of stratification that offers increasing returns to first-movers while limiting the opportunities available to universities that are later entrants to the commercial realm. Unpacking the systematic effects of university research commercialization requires focused attention on the sources and trajectories of profound institutional change. 相似文献
15.
《Higher Education Policy》1997,10(2):127-136
Linkage and cooperation with other universities in the domain of education, research and training is viewed as one of the important activities in many universities. Since its creation in 1962, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) has maintained contacts with foreign universities in the region and other parts of the world through academic linkage and cooperation projects. This is necessary and has been found to be useful in keeping abreast of changes and innovations in research, teaching, as well as in program and staff development. The purpose of academic and research linkages is to encourage and promote transfer of knowledge and expertise which is often facilitated through two way exchange and cooperative visits by faculty and students of participating universities. Visits are generally designed for the purpose of field experience, cooperative research, and teaching. In order to keep pace with the changing and ever expanding frontier of knowledge, the need for international linkages and exchanges is receiving increased interest. The goal of these exchange and linkage agreements is a stable and self financed institutional relationship promoting productive, cooperative research and curriculum development. Donor agencies, generally identified jointly by participating universities, provide funds for equipment, reference materials, and exchange fellowships. Each participating university provides counterpart funds by absorbing substantial costs of salaries, benefits, overheads, and administration. 相似文献
16.
There has been an increasing interest within the academic literature on the role played by Higher Education Institutions in the social and economic development of their communities. The Australia Government has recently released its National Science and Innovation Agenda (NISA) which is designed to incentivise university-community research partnerships. In this article, the identified lack of Australian university-community engagement will be problematised through the experience of academics who undertook such an engagement in a regional university setting. A completed research project is used as a lens through which institutional factors impacting on collaborative projects between universities and their communities are identified. The difficulties of university-community engagement are unpacked and problematised so that the various forces contributing to the shortage of university-community partnerships can be better identified and understood. The unitary manner in which university-community research is to be reported under NISA is highlighted as a key barrier to regional research partnerships. 相似文献
17.
J. Paul Grayson 《Higher Education》2008,56(4):473-492
Traditional models of educational outcomes relate academic achievement to university experiences controlling for background
characteristics, like former levels of achievement. In these models, most of the variance in the outcome under consideration
is explained not by experiences inside the university but by background characteristics, such as prior levels of academic
achievement. In many instances the contribution of institutional experiences to outcomes under consideration is small. To
date, researchers have not included sense of coherence (SOC) among background characteristics. In the current study traditional
models are modified to include SOC as a possible contributor to first year academic achievement among domestic and international
students with English and other first languages at four Canadian universities. It is found that a model including SOC better
fits data for commuter and residence students than a model in which SOC is omitted. Although the effect of SOC on first year
academic achievement is small, it is larger than the effects of some institutional experiences. As a result, SOC should be
included in attempts to explain first year academic achievement. 相似文献
18.
19世纪末20世纪初,一批高水平研究型大学在美国快速崛起。从进化论的视角看,今天美国的高水平研究型大学是不断进化的结果。美国独特的社会结构使大学组织与行为的各种创新得以包容,在此基础上形成的制度环境创造了刺激竞争的压力和动力,成为诱致每所研究型大学不断创新的强制机制;在环境的压力下,美国研究型大学的组织形态逐渐发生变化,在带来新的功能的同时,最终穿越自催化门槛,跨入进化的更为内在化阶段。 相似文献
19.
高校学术委员会参与治理受到国家政策及法律法规、学校基本制度以及具体制度建构的复杂制度环境影响。从组织新制度主义的视角出发，通过对北京3所高校的研究，发现3所高校的基本制度趋同，不同层次的制度对个体行为的指引存在较大差异，学术委员会参与治理的事项范畴小、频次低、决策控制程度弱。复杂的制度环境、人对制度要素的差异化认知及对制度的能动作用、外部环境对制度刚性的形塑等，都影响着学术委员会参与治理。制度环境的诸多冲突导致学术委员会参与治理的行为与制度之间呈现“松散耦合”状态。要促进学术委员会更好地发挥作用，需进一步回归高校的学术本位，促进形成共同治理的“共享的观念”，细化学术委员会参与治理相关制度条款并强化监督，重构具体制度，统整学术委员会的权力并完善决策执行的组织体系，发挥领导者等个体对制度的能动作用。 相似文献
20.
Challenges to the Work Life of Academics: The Experience of a Renowned University in the Chinese Mainland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Manhong Lai 《Higher Education Quarterly》2010,64(1):89-111
Under the major educational reform movement in the Chinese Mainland, which began in 1985, higher education was considered the most important apparatus for national development. The Ministry of Education initiated 'Project 985' to develop two top national universities into world-class universities. As part of this project to raise educational quality and academic standing, the Ministry of Education carried out a reform of the university personnel system. The reform aimed to launch a new system of employment practices based on performance and contract, with an emphasis on competition and rewards. This research focuses on the severe constraints academics at a sample university in China faced at the state, university and faculty level. First, at the state level, the state directly set the direction of academic research. Second, at the university level, the new employment reform was imposed using a top-down model. Most academics conformed to it but some employed a 'double bookkeeping' strategy. 'Administrative domination' also reflected a centralised approach at the university. Third, at the faculty level, a few academic-administrators held most of the decision making power. Academics urged the university to offer a more supportive environment for conducting genuine scholarship. 相似文献