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陈俊钦 《武汉体育学院学报》2008,42(7):22
“实证”与“理解”是科学研究的两大范式，这两种范式在当前体育人文社会科学研究中都得到应用。体育界对这两种研究范式的不同看法，造成了它们之间处于对立的状态。一种观点认为只有客观的、实证的和定量的研究才符合科学标准，质疑“理解”范式的科学性和客观性；另一种观点则认为实证范式把人“物化”了，得到的结果是冷冰冰的数据，且忽视事实意义的丰富性。在两种研究范式对峙的过程中，人们对它们各自的优缺点及其适应范围逐渐清楚。体育问题的多样性决定了体育科学研究中这两种范式都不可或缺；体育现象的复杂性又决定了需要整合这两种范式，实现对立的统一。 相似文献
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马小华 《武汉体育学院学报》2010,44(5):28
体育竞赛表演的法律保护一直是倍受争议的问题.在"实然"视角下,国际条约及有关法规没有把体育竞赛表演纳入表演的法律保护中,我国著作权法及实施条例也没有把体育竞赛表演纳入表演法律保护中.在"应然"视角下,从洛克的劳动理论、人格财产论、经济激励理论及社会现实需要的角度论述了体育竞赛表演保护的必要性和可行性,认为体育舞蹈、武术、花样游泳、花样滑冰、艺术体操、健美操等体育项目应受著作权法保护. 相似文献
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采用文献分析、访谈及座谈等方式并引用博弈论来了解两岸体育交流过程中的政治阻力因素与推力因素.研究发现,两岸体育交流互动的策略与不同时期的政治局势息息相关,更受交流目的层面的影响.推力是:中国大陆把完成祖国统一大业始终作为己任;而台湾地区由于担心被边缘化,加之台湾同胞的中国情结、社会活力及民意压力,驱使台湾当局开放、交流.阻力是:台湾的"台独"论问题.建议在一个中国的前提下,以理性、互惠、合作为原则,先民间后官方,先学校、社会体育领域再竞技体育领域,先相互协办海峡两岸体育赛事再相互协助申办与办理国际体育赛事. 相似文献
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新课程实施已近6个年头,由于长期受到体育教学大纲思维的影响,当前仍不同程度的存在用"双基"达成情况作为衡量课堂教学"有为"与"无为"之标准,应及时打破这种教学观,树立与之相对的、符合新课标的新型"无为"教学观。本文通过对传统"有为"教学观的解析、新型"无为"教学观的界定以及两者的区别与联系进行论述,阐明了新型"无为"教学观适应体育课堂的时代要求,有助于学校体育科学发展,并在实践的基础上,将"无为"教学分为有趣、乐趣、志趣三个教学实施阶段的建议以及应注意的问题,以供大家参考借鉴。 相似文献
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采用文献资料法、比较分析法、逻辑分析法等方法对2010-2013版和2014版啦啦操竞赛规则对比变化进行分析和研究,得出分值比例由1:1变为3:3:3:1、统一了评分标准、取消了难度等级、扣分力度加大等结果,希望为今后啦啦操竞赛训练提供一些理论参考。 相似文献
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新中国体育发展60年的经验表明,坚定不移地走"中国特色"的体育发展道路是国情使然,民心所系.在当前我国体育改革的深化阶段,要高度警惕悄然出现的"特色异化"现象对体育改革的干扰和阻碍.认识体育发展"中国特色"的四个理论要点在于:遵循体育发展规律,凝聚体育普世价值,倡导改革兴体为民,彰显体育创新要义.相应的,构建中国特色理论体系、完善制度法规体系以及加强舆论监督是新时期实施中国特色体育构建的基本策略. 相似文献
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Miller KE 《Journal of Sport Behavior》2009,32(1):69-91
Little attention has been paid to the multidimensional nature of athletic involvement, which includes identity formation as well as participation in sports activities. Five hundred eighty-one sport-involved undergraduate students completed a questionnaire assessing their sport-related identities, goal orientations, primary sport ratings, and conformity to masculine norms. F-tested mean comparisons and hierarchical linear regressions were used to explore the characteristics associated with two distinct sport-related identities ("athletes" and "jocks"). Jock identity was associated with an ego-oriented approach to sports (men only), whereas athlete identity was associated with a task-oriented approach (both genders). Jock identity was positively associated with conformity to masculine norms, particularly for men, whereas athlete identity was positively associated with some masculine norms (i.e., Winning) and negatively associated with others (i.e., Playboy). These findings help to identify the correlates of a "toxic Jock" identity that may signal elevated risk for health-compromising behavior. 相似文献
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Hiking physiology and the "quasi-isometric" concept 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Spurway NC 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(10):1081-1093
The literature indicates that the heart rate of a planing-dinghy sailor, in winds of 4 - 5 m . s(-1), is in the range seen in aerobic athletes, yet oxygen consumption (VO(2)) is roughly half that of the same individual cycling at that heart rate. Thus, although upper-body dynamic activity is a contributing factor, the dominant physiological demand must be the "quasi-isometric" stress on the lower-body anterior muscles - especially the quadriceps, which appears to impose 40 - 50% of the total oxygen demand in a typical hiking posture. Therefore, a non-trivial part of the sailor's fitness training should involve sustained quadriceps stress. Estimates of this stress on water vary widely in the literature, but about 25 - 30% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) tallies with endurance times recorded both in the literature and in an outline of new work reported here. Muscle blood flow is restricted under such a load, but not occluded. Laser Doppler measurements of femoral blood flow on a leg-extension ergometer found similar values during 10 - 30% MVC, much less at 40%, and marked hyperaemia on relaxation from 20% MVC or more - implying metabolic debt. Adding low-amplitude alternating leg movements while holding the same overall load stationary, and therefore increasing only internal not external work, further elevates blood flow and VO(2) both during and after exercise. Femoral-vein lactate concentration is also higher after these movements. Speculations that unusually dynamic lower-body movements by elite sailors might assist hiking endurance are not supported by these findings. Nevertheless, afloat or ashore, capillary lactate concentrations hardly ever exceed 5 mmol . l(-1), even during the post-exercise surge - challenging assumptions that the quadriceps had been profoundly anaerobic while under load. On the contrary, it appears that aerobic metabolism contributes substantially, if not completely, to energy supply. A preliminary comparison of elite sailors with aerobic athletes suggests that isometric endurance at a given percentage MVC does not differ between the two groups, but the sailors have higher MVCs. In individuals not highly strength-trained, greater electromyogram activity immediately before capitulation than in an MVC performed while fresh indicates that physiological (not just volitional) limits have been reached. It is concluded that the literature and the outline of my recent work with colleagues support the view that the predominant physiological load during single-handed dinghy sailing is quasi-isometric in form and accounts for roughly half of the metabolic demand. Any more complete account of the physiology of hiking will require simultaneous on-water measurement of electromyographic, cardiovascular, and metabolic indicators in sailors extending from club to Gold Medal standard. 相似文献
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以武汉市区级青训中心运行体系为研究对象,通过专家访谈法、实地调查法等研究方法,对武汉市区级青训中心发展情况和整体运行模式进行研究分析。探讨校园足球推广计划和足球发展试点城市项目在我国同步实施和推广的现状。以期为武汉市乃至全中国青少年足球训练和后备人才培养工作提供一定的借鉴。 相似文献
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运用实验法对依柳辛动作常规练习方法和“带臂”练习方法进行比较与分析.研究结果显示,在练习中运用“带臂”练习法可以使该动作的流畅性、稳定性及成功率等各项指标得以提升,因此建议在学习该难度的过程中能够更多的运用“带臂”练习的方法,进而提升依柳辛动作的完成质量. 相似文献
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When "where" is more important than "when": birthplace and birthdate effects on the achievement of sporting expertise 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
In this study, we assessed whether contextual factors related to where or when an athlete is born influence their likelihood of playing professional sport. The birthplace and birth month of all American players in the National Hockey League, National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, and Professional Golfer's Association, and all Canadian players in the National Hockey League were collected from official websites. Monte Carlo simulations were used to verify if the birthplace of these professional athletes deviated in any systematic way from the official census population distribution, and chi-square analyses were conducted to determine whether the players' birth months were evenly distributed throughout the year. Results showed a birthplace bias towards smaller cities, with professional athletes being over-represented in cities of less than 500,000 and under-represented in cities of 500,000 and over. A birth month/relative age effect (in the form of a distinct bias towards elite athletes being relatively older than their peers) was found for hockey and baseball but not for basketball and golf. Comparative analyses suggested that contextual factors associated with place of birth contribute more influentially to the achievement of an elite level of sport performance than does relative age and that these factors are essentially independent in their influences on expertise development. 相似文献