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1.
《International Information and Library Review》2004,36(3):273-279
The digital divide is severe in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The prevailing digital divide will continue to exist and define the characteristics of the digital information environment of the sub-region as it influences, along with other concerns, the information needs of end-users in the sub-region. The model of information needs of end-users in the electronic information environment and observations and theories from the literature of Library and Information Science (LIS) show that the information needs of end-users in SSA are for information content that is relevant for day-to-day tasks and that is adequately accessible and effectively usable within the capabilities of the information and communications technology (ICTs) that they possess and their level of skill in manipulating the ICTs. The model of the information needs of end-users in the electronic information environment presents the nature of user tasks, the state of electronic resources in use, and user experience in using the electronic resources as factors giving rise to information needs of end-users in a digital information environment. The principles of least effort, satisficing, utility and accessibility particularly give support to the argument of the paper: that end-users need information content that is adequately accessible and effectively usable within the capabilities of ICTs currently in use by the end-users concerned. Recognizing the nature of the information needs of the end-users of SSA will help in meeting their needs as well as in selecting appropriate interventions in addressing the digital divide in the sub-region. 相似文献
2.
M. Saleh Ashoor 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(3):273-289
The digital divide is severe in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The prevailing digital divide will continue to exist and define the characteristics of the digital information environment of the sub-region as it influences, along with other concerns, the information needs of end-users in the sub-region. The model of information needs of end-users in the electronic information environment and observations and theories from the literature of Library and Information Science (LIS) show that the information needs of end-users in SSA are for information content that is relevant for day-to-day tasks and that is adequately accessible and effectively usable within the capabilities of the information and communications technology (ICTs) that they possess and their level of skill in manipulating the ICTs. The model of the information needs of end-users in the electronic information environment presents the nature of user tasks, the state of electronic resources in use, and user experience in using the electronic resources as factors giving rise to information needs of end-users in a digital information environment. The principles of least effort, satisficing, utility and accessibility particularly give support to the argument of the paper: that end-users need information content that is adequately accessible and effectively usable within the capabilities of ICTs currently in use by the end-users concerned. Recognizing the nature of the information needs of the end-users of SSA will help in meeting their needs as well as in selecting appropriate interventions in addressing the digital divide in the sub-region. 相似文献
3.
This paper provides a narrative review of the available literature from the past 10 years (1996-2006) that focus on the information seeking behaviour of doctors. The review considers the literature in three sub-themes: Theme 1, the Information Needs of Doctors includes information need, frequency of doctors' questions and types of information needs; Theme 2, Information Seeking by Doctors embraces pattern of information resource use, time spent searching, barriers to information searching and information searching skills; Theme 3, Information Sources Utilized by Doctors comprises the number of sources utilized, comparison of information sources consulted, computer usage, ranking of information resources, printed resource use, personal digital assistant (PDA) use, electronic database use and the Internet. The review is wide ranging. It would seem that the traditional methods of face-to-face communication and use of hard-copy evidence still prevail amongst qualified medical staff in the clinical setting. The use of new technologies embracing the new digital age in information provision may influence this in the future. However, for now, it would seem that there is still research to be undertaken to uncover the most effective methods of encouraging clinicians to use the best evidence in everyday practice. 相似文献
4.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(39):77-83
Electronic information resources, such as CD-ROM bibliographic databases, are transforming significantly the way academic researchers find information and the way in which librarians assist academic researchers. CD-ROM and other electronic information resources in academic libraries bring new demands from end-users for services from librarians. In order to meet these new demands for services, academic librarians as information providers must work more closely in an active partnership with researchers and producers of electronic databases. 相似文献
5.
Giovanna F. Miranda Luisa Vercellesi Edoardo Pozzi Flavia Bruno 《Health information and libraries journal》2009,26(1):39-46
Background: Health authorities, hospitals, commercial enterprises, and mass media all deliver health and medical communication in different forms. With such a vast amount of biomedical and clinical information available, any action to ensure the spread of clinically relevant news items is welcome. Objectives: This paper tries to define a new role for health science librarians in improving medical communication and reporting. Methods: Literature relating to the health and medical reporting is analysed to identify major difficulties encountered by health communicators. Results: There are two areas where health science librarians can develop new roles in health communication: (i) supporting journalists and health communicators in selecting sources and understanding scientific papers, and (ii) directly translating scientific information into news items, supplying a list of products in this direction (i.e. targeted newsletters, media releases, news items). New skills and competencies needed to cope with the new roles are described in detail in a suggested academic curriculum for health communicators. Conclusions: A better understanding of the mass media's needs can provide much needed support in the field of health communication. 相似文献
6.
新媒体在图书馆服务推广中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
阐释了当代网络媒体和移动通讯媒体蓬勃的发展态势,在分析用户使用行为的基础上,认为用户获取信息的方式在进一步多元化;在信息源的选择和使用上,图书馆、搜索引擎和网上图书馆等共同成为用户获取情报的来源;另外,新媒体的使用还与用户年龄、地域等因素紧紧联系。现代图书馆有必要充分利用新媒体推广服务,架构实时交流平台,促进与读者的互动交流,还可与新传媒合作开展服务,提升图书馆服务的可见度。 相似文献
7.
Conclusions We are living a deep change in the information transfer process involving the different actors of the editorial scene (from
authors to editors, web-editors, e-publishers and readers), who occasionally play different roles at the same time (e.g.,
authors sometimes bypass the editor thus assuming direct responsibilities in the diffusion of documents in the Internet).
Furthermore, information producers, managers or seekers often show twofold personalities like Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. They
would like to find all documents free on the Internet and be able to read original, reliable, and high quality information,
but they are sometimes reluctant to spread their papers through online nonofficial channels as they care for the impact factor,
prestige, and career advancement.
It is a revolutionary period in which new and alternative forms of scholarly communication live together with more traditional
ones and the future is difficult to define. Recent initiatives of open access—such as Pubmed Central, Public Library of Science,
Budapest Open Access Initiative—are contributing to define new trends in the editorial market, challenging the traditional
distribution channels, mainly managed by commercial editors, and placing the authors’ role and publication copyrights under
severe discussion.
In this landscape, GL now has new dignity and becomes closer and closer to innovative scientific publications supported by
researchers in view of a generalised movement towards open access. The nuances of grey are becoming lighter and lighter. The
questions are many, the answers few, but, in any case, the ethical responsibility of producing and issuing quality documents
can never be disregarded. 相似文献
8.
A basic challenge of the Weinberg Report addressed the question of information overload. The Weinberg Panel was extremely
concerned with the proliferation of scientific literature and the specific issue of how to sift through reams of data to find
the “gems” of wisdom, or that which is truly new and useful. In the early 1960s when the report was being written, computers
were not part of the information access and retrieval infrastructure. Writing twenty-five years later, in 1988, Dr. Weinberg
recognized that the panel had not adequately taken into account the impact of the computer and the growth of the information
industry. Today we have a new world of microcomputers and networked information which is fundamentally shifting the paradigm
of scientific communication. We have new capabilities, including electronic publishing, visualization techniques, even virtual
reality. Without getting into a great debate about the definition of “grey literature,” the main characteristics have traditionally
been described as: rapid publication, wariable formats, no public peer review, and no commercial source of general availability.
With networked information and multi-media technology, the new world of grey literature is emerging with an interesting set
of new and revived challenges. This article looks at the most interesting characteristics, and based on them, presents the
thesis that in the 1990s we are facing a new generation of “grey literature”. 相似文献
9.
本文分析了原始文献信息生产商进入服务领域、最终用户直接面向最终用户的传播模式初见端倪、越来越多的用户喜欢自服务等网络环境下文献信息服务工作出现的新变化，描述了图书情报部门面临的主要竞争以及在竞争中的优势与不足，指出让文献信息服务融入用户的信息过程是未来发展的必然选择。 相似文献
10.
Shpilko I 《Medical reference services quarterly》2005,24(3):67-80
This article provides an overview of selected Web-based resources containing grey literature in the area of communication disorders. It is geared to practitioners, researchers, students, and consumers seeking reliable, freely available scientific information. Grey (or gray) literature has been defined as "that which is produced on all levels of government, academics, business, and industry in print and electronic formats, but which is not controlled by commercial publishers."1 This paper reviews various general reference sources potentially containing grey literature on communication disorders. This review includes identification of the methods specialists in this field use to obtain this valuable, yet often overlooked, literature. Access points and search tools for identifying grey literature on communication disorders are recommended. Commercial databases containing grey literature are not included. Conclusions presented in this article are considered complementary to traditionally published information resources on communication disorders, such as scholarly journals, online databases, etc. 相似文献
11.
《Government Information Quarterly》2018,35(3):480-490
The adoption of new information and communication technologies (ICT) has been one of the main strategies used by organizations of the Brazilian Judiciary in the search for solutions to the major challenges they face, such as limited access to justice services, high levels of congestion in courts and delays in the adjudication of lawsuits. However, empirical studies showing the results of this strategy are limited. The present study seeks to fill this gap. The objective is to identify and explain the effects of investment in information and communication technologies on productivity of courts in Brazil. In addition to the direct relationship between technology and judicial performance, we investigate the mediating and moderating effects of technology on other drivers of judicial performance. Official data were collected from the Justice in Numbers database of the National Justice Council. Secondary data refer to all state, federal and labor courts in the country, and cover a seven-year period, from 2009 to 2015. Panel data were analyzed using hierarchical regression and conditional analysis. The results confirm four of the five hypotheses, indicating that ICT investment has a direct and positive effect on court productivity, as well as mediating and moderating the effect of other variables on productivity. However, contrary to expectations, investment in ICT does not moderate the relationship between court caseload and productivity; although weak, the observed relationship was negative. Explanations for the findings are presented in the article. 相似文献
12.
Rafael Ball 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2011,27(1):1-12
As long as scientists discuss scientific problems and communicate with each other, scholarly communication is an essential
part of scientific activities. In the very ancient time the scholarly communication was only an oral tradition, a face to
face communication. Later on, the written form of communication has taken place. Since the invention of movable printing types
by Gutenberg the scholarly communication was preferable in written and printed form. Since 15 years the revolution has taken
place with the digital information, which is now available for scholarly communication. There was a paradigm shift from the
printed and oral tradition to a new digital electronic science communication. In the future the traditional printed book information
for scientific communication will be replaced by problem solving portals with all electronic and digital tools. 相似文献
13.
Andrew Odlyzko 《Learned Publishing》2002,15(1):7-19
Traditional journals, even those available electronically, are changing slowly. However, there is rapid evolution in scholarly communication. Usage is moving to electronic formats. In some areas, it appears that electronic versions of papers are being read about as often as the printed journal versions. Although there are serious difficulties in comparing figures from different media, the growth rates in usage of electronic scholarly information are sufficiently high that if they continue for a few years, there will be no doubt that print versions will be eclipsed. Further, much of the electronic information that is accessed is outside the formal scholarly publication process. There is also vigorous growth in forms of electronic communication that take advantage of the unique capabilities of the web, and which simply do not fit into the traditional journal publishing format. This paper presents some statistics on usage of print and electronic information. It also discusses some preliminary evidence about the changing patterns of usage. It appears that much of the online usage comes from new readers (esoteric research papers assigned in undergraduate classes, for example) and often from places that do not have access to print journals. Also, the reactions to even slight barriers to usage suggest that even high-quality scholarly papers are not irreplaceable. Readers are faced with a ‘river of knowledge’ that allows them to select among a multitude of sources, and to find near substitutes when necessary. To stay relevant, scholars, publishers and librarians will have to make even greater efforts to make their material easily accessible. 相似文献
14.
15.
Previous papers on grey literature by the authors have described (1) the need for formal metadata to allow machine understanding
and therefore scalable operations; (2) the enhancement of repositories of grey (and other) e-publications by linking with
CRIS (Current Research Information Systems); (3) the use of the research process to collect metadata incrementally reducing
the threshold barrier for end-users and improving quality in an ambient GRIDs environment. This paper takes the development
one step further and proposes “intelligent” grey objects. The hypothesis is in 2 parts: (1) that the use of passive catalogs
of metadata does not scale (a) in a highly distributed environment with millions of nodes and (b) with vastly increased volumes
of R&D output grey publications with associated metadata; (2) that a new paradigm is required that (a) integrates grey with
white literature and other R&D outputs such as software, data, products and patents (b) in a self-managing, self-optimizing
way and that this paradigm manages automatically curation, provenance digital rights, trust, security and privacy. Concerning
(1) existing repositories provide catalogs; harvesting takes increasing time ensuring non-currency. The end-user expends much
manual effort/intelligence to utilize the results. The elapsed time of (1) the network (2) the centralized (or centrally controlled
distributed) catalog server searches (3) end-user intervention becomes unacceptable. Concerning (2) there is no paradigm currently
known to the authors that satisfies the requirement. Our proposal is outlined below. Hyperactive combines both hyperlinking
and active properties of a (grey) object. Hyperlinking implies multimedia components linked to form the object and also external
links to other resources. The term active implies that objects do not lie passively in a repository to be retrieved by end-users.
They “get a life” and the object moves through the network knowing where it is going. A hyperactive grey object is wrapped
by its (incrementally recorded) formal metadata and an associated (software) agent. It moves through process steps such as
initial concept, authoring, reviewing and depositing in a repository. The workflow is based on the rules and information in
the corporate data repository with which the agent interacts. Once the object is deposited, the agent associated with it actively
pushes the object to the end-users (or systems) whose metadata indicate interest or an obligation in a workflowed process.
The agents check the object and user (or system) metadata for rights, privacy, security parameters, and for any charges and
assure compatibility. Alternatively the object can be found passively by end-user or system agents. The object can also associate
itself with other objects forming relationships utilising metadata or content. Declared relationships include references and
citations; workflowed relationships include versions and also links to corporate information and research datasets and software;
inferenced relationships are discovered relationships such as between documents by different authors developed from an earlier
idea of a third author. Components of this paradigm have been implemented to some extent. The challenge is implementing—respecting
part two of the hypothesis—the integration architecture. This surely is harnessing the power of grey.
相似文献
| Anne AssersonEmail: |
16.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):296-310
Citizens can gain a better understanding of the important issues of a campaign and where candidates stand on those issues from three primary sources: direct candidate-to-citizen mass media messages (e.g., political advertisements, debates), news (e.g., newspapers, television news), or discussion with fellow citizens. The current study conducted a secondary analysis of 1996 American National Election Study (ANES) data to replicate Brians and Wattenberg's (1996) findings concerning the relative influence of political advertisements, television news use, and newspaper use on voter issue knowledge and salience in the 1992 United States presidential campaign. We also analyzed two additional communication information sources, general political discussion and debate viewing. The effects of political advertisement recall, television news viewing, and newspaper use replicated across election studies. General political discussion was found to affect both issue knowledge and salience, and when introduced into the regression analyses nullifies the predictive power of political advertisement recall for knowledge. Talk's influence on salience wanes in subsequent analyses. Viewing the first debate was a strong predictor of issue knowledge, but was not associated with issue salience. Advertisement recall maintained predictive power for issue salience even after taking into account the other four information sources, and watching the second debate also predicted salience. The combination of results presents evidence that candidate-to-citizen and citizen-to-citizen communication play unique roles in determining levels of issue knowledge and salience. 相似文献
17.
《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2019,45(1):9-14
Faced with a prolonged economic crisis, Ukrainian research institutes are under pressure as a direct result of limited funding. This has also had a direct negative impact on the functionality of librarians who have seen increasing limitations to acquisitions. Despite economic difficulties, Ukrainian academic librarians are trying to offer their end-users specialized services that involve active librarian mediation in the preparation and dissemination of the results of these users' scientific work. One notable function is to offer aid to users on how to detect pseudo-scientific journals. In this paper, based on a survey of librarians from leading Ukrainian universities, we studied for the first time, the main information resources and tools used by Ukrainian experts to test the validity of scientific journals so that they may be recommended to library users as reliable channels for disseminating research results. These are tools and resources include Scopus, Web of Science, Beall's blacklists, the DOAJ, Think. Check. Submit., and the Norwegian Register. We describe the benefits and limitations that Ukrainian academic librarians may encounter when each of these resources is used. Modern reformation to Ukrainian science has opened up new opportunities for Ukrainian academic librarians. As a result, if they are able to successfully implement such services, they can regain a prominent place in the scientific life of institutions and on the global academic platform. 相似文献
18.
新一代信息技术革命正推动着新一代内容范式的建构。作为一种新的内容范式,内容在作为资讯传达的深度价值之外,还具有作为情感和关系表达的宽度价值,以及内容作为一种传播场景的媒介价值。虽然资讯内容的价值属性未改变,但专业媒介面临工作重心从直接内容生产向数据挖掘与生产组织协调的转型。泛众化传播到来的同时传播的情感和关系属性被放大,视频表达的宽信息容量彰显了内容作为引发关系认同和情感共鸣的宽度价值。面对碎片化传播语境与流动中的用户,无所不在、无处不有的内容作为一种场景的媒介价值显现出来--通过内容聚合趣缘用户,再通过数据驱动建构场景连接,最后促进供需双方的价值变现。 相似文献
19.
20.
This study examines the phenomena of pluralistic ignorance,looking-glass perception and conservative bias across issues.Public opinion data from Israel suggest that these phenomenaare largely context and issue related. Thus for salient issuesin a highly politicized society such as Israel, people can quiteaccurately assess majority and minority opinions. Looking-glassperception and pluralistic ignorance were found to vary systematicallywith the information available on the various issues in thestudy. The level of ignorance on an issue seems also to be afunction of the shape of its distribution. Moreover, the greaterthe overlap between the majority or minority position on anissue and a clearly defined political block, the lower the looking-glassperception and ignorance levels. This suggests that the politicalcontinuum may be used as a surrogate distribution in assessingthe majority opinion when direct information is scarce. Conservativebias was shown to exist on some issues, but a ‘liberalbias’ exists on others. It is proposed that this biasmay reflect social norms rather than an individual tendencyto view others as more conservative than oneself. 相似文献