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目的:通过分析90例50岁以上听力障碍患者的纯音听阈测试及助听器验配情况,探讨中老年听力障碍者听力特点及助听器选配特点.方法:感音神经性聋患者90例,以10岁为一年龄组,统计他们250～8 000Hz的纯音听阈,根据听力情况验配瑞声达助听器,记录最终验配情况并了解未验配的原因.结果:各年龄段就诊的中老年聋者总体听力水平大致相仿,均为中重度感音神经性聋,纯音听阈测试表现多为下降型听阈曲线.就诊者以60～岁年龄段者最多,最终接受助听器者以70岁以下年龄段者最多.70岁以上者多因戴助听器效果不理想或经济原因拒绝验配,以农村患者为多;60岁以下拒绝验配者则主要担心社会影响.结论:中老年感音神经性聋患者的纯音听阈曲线主要为下降型,早诊查、早干预有助于提高生活质量. 相似文献
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用已筛选的3种寡聚糖激发子A1、B、C3分别诱导毛白杨愈伤组织,以加无菌水为对照,并在诱导48 h后挑战接种杨树溃疡病菌,测定毛白杨愈伤组织中苯丙氨酸解氨酶、几丁质酶和抗坏血酸氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,3种寡聚糖激发子A1、B、C3诱导48 h后接种杨树溃疡病菌,毛白杨愈伤组织中苯丙氨酸解氨酶和几丁质酶活性均呈单峰曲线变化,并且变化趋势基本上满足:A1>B>C3>CK(对照接种),而抗坏血酸氧化酶活性的变化为:在发病初期和中期(0-48 h)诱导接种毛白杨愈伤组织均高于对照接种,而在发病后期(t>48 h)对照接种毛白杨愈伤组织高于诱导接种,因此,可以得出寡聚糖激发子A1的诱导抗病性比寡聚糖激发子B和C3都强。 相似文献
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改进听力教学的三个环节 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
吕玉明 《首都师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2000,(Z2)
虽然听力在语言交流中起着举足轻重的作用 ,但学生们的听力水平一直不尽人意。如何尽快提高大学英语的听力水平 ,始终是听力教学中所探索解决的课题。文中针对现有听力教学中存在的问题 ,重点介绍了改进听力课堂教学的有效方法 ,即紧紧抓住听前准备 ,听时实施及听后验收这三个环节。阐明了听前准备环节的目的性和听动力 ;听时实施环节中教法的多样性及灵活性 ;以及听后验收环节的必要性。重点论述了听时实施这一环节的重要性 ,并具体列述了培养和训练听力能力的技巧和方法。使学生不仅学会听 ,而且学会如何听 ,以达到事半功倍之效 相似文献
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在高中英语课堂教学中,听力理解长期以来都是英语学习者及教学者所面临的主要难题。为了让学生听懂材料,教师可以训练他们掌握预测技能。本文阐述了在听力的各个环节如何搞好预测提高听力效率。 相似文献
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听力理解能力是外语学习者应首先具备的语言能力,大学英语教育尤为如此。改革后的新四级考试已经全面推广。通过对最新CET考试听力试题的分析,肯定了CET听力试卷的专业性和权威性,同时浅析了听力部分的应对方案。 相似文献
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听力能力是交流顺利进行的重要因素之一。在英语语言中,由于词语连读以及弱化现象而造成的语音变化、语速加快容易导致英语学习者的听力障碍。因此,英语教育者应转变观念,提高自身语音素质,合理安排语音课时以提高教学质量;英语学习者应丰富语音知识,加强语音训练,以切实提高自身的听力能力。 相似文献
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听力理解作为基本语言技能之一,越来越受到学习者和教学者的重视。从听力教学的语言性图式、语篇性图式和文化背景图式三个方面探讨图式理论在英语听力理解中的应用及对提高听力理解水平的作用。 相似文献
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元认知策略是对学习过程的计划、监控、评估的过程,国内外研究袁明元认知策略使用对提高学生听力理解的效果有显著作用.本文以高三年级学生为对象,通过问卷及听力测试,分析调查其听力水平与使用元认知策略的相关性,并探究听力高分者是否更倾向于使用元认知策略. 相似文献
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J G Jones H L Butler B Hamilton J D Perdue H P Stern R C Woody 《Child abuse & neglect》1986,10(1):33-40
Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a form of child abuse in which a disorder of the child is fabricated by a parent. Although often considered rare, it may have been overlooked frequently in the past. The reported cases of children with Munchausen syndrome by proxy range in age from infancy to 8 years. Their "illnesses" consist of fabricated histories, inflicted physical findings, altered laboratory specimens, and induced disorders. The perpetrator usually is the child's mother, who may have Munchausen syndrome. Consequences of the syndrome may include painful tests, frequent hospitalizations, potentially harmful treatment, and death. The diagnosis can be made when medical and social histories are characteristic of the syndrome and clinical findings are absent, suggestive of induced illness, or resolve upon separation of the child and parent. Suspicion of the syndrome should be discussed with the family once the safety of the child is insured, and the case should be reported under the child abuse reporting law of the state. Social, family, and medical histories must be obtained and verified, and court intervention should be considered. Four patients who illustrate typical features of the syndrome are described. 相似文献
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Soly I. Erlandsson 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1998,20(4):265-276
The implicit basis for most investigations of hearing disability and handicap seems to be that the loss of hearing or the impairment in itself gives rise to all the individual's problems. Prior to the consultation several important events take place; for example the individual's emotional interpretation of the symptom, causes and future perspective of the illness process. A vigilant or defensive response to the onset of Ménière's disease may lead to a complicated state of dysfunction and a hindrance for psychological adaptation. Focused interviews including patients with Ménière's disease showed that the memories of the first vertigo attack were so strong, that even when years had passed, the patients found it painful to talk about the traumatic event. This state of affairs is not uniqe for the hearing related disorder; someone who is suddenly being injured, or taken ill, often needs time and support to deal with the events taken place, and this way slowly regain the psychological strength it takes to go back to a relatively normal life. The specific problem that compells a person to consult a specialist for a distressing tinnitus might be a crushing anxiety; not over a feared physical disease, but over the risk of suffering a mental breakdown. Therefore, it is a necessity to comprehend tinnitus distress from a deeper psychological perspective, particularly in the therapeutic interaction with patients who have chronic, painful symptoms. A strictly medical model will neither help us move the patient in the direction of insight into his or her general state of mind and health, nor towards insight into the interplay between this state and the suffering. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To identify and validate factors within the parental background affecting risk of child maltreatment. METHOD: A nested case-control study based on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children ("Children of the Nineties"), a cohort of children born in Avon in 1991 through 1992. Data on the childhood and psychiatric histories of the parents, along with other data on the social and family environments, have been collected through postal questionnaires from early antenatal booking onwards. RESULTS: Out of 14,138 participating children, 162 have been identified as having been maltreated. Using logistic regression analysis, significant risk factors within the mothers' backgrounds were age < 20; lower educational achievement; history of sexual abuse; child guidance or psychiatry; absence of her father during childhood; and a previous history of psychiatric illness. Significant factors in the fathers' backgrounds were age < 20; lower educational achievement; having been in care during childhood; and a history of psychiatric illness. Significant factors on univariate, but not multivariate analysis included a parental history of childhood physical abuse; divorce or separation of the mother's parents; a maternal history of having been in care, or separated from her mother; parental alcohol or drug abuse; and a maternal history of depression. CONCLUSIONS: This study, the first of its kind in the UK, supports the findings of others that parental age, educational achievement, and a history of psychiatric illness are of prime importance in an understanding of child maltreatment. With the exception of maternal sexual abuse, a history of abuse in childhood is not significant once adjusted for other background factors. The study suggests that psychodynamic models are inadequate to explain child maltreatment, and wider models incorporating other ecological domains are needed. 相似文献
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太极拳在扶植体内正气,疏通气机,引气活血,舒活筋骨,营养精神方面是优于其他体育项目的,对中、老年人或病患者来说,更是如此,这种动静结合的太极拳确是扶正祛邪,防病健身,抵抗衰老,延年益寿的良剂佳药． 相似文献
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Tina Koch 《Educational Action Research》2013,21(3):393-412
This project responded to the concerns of experienced community health workers who worked with people who had mental illness and resided in Supported Residential Facilities (SRFs) in South Australia. They had identified that urinary and faecal incontinence was common for this group of people and yet it was an issue that had not previously been addressed. The aim of the research was to develop continence promotion strategies specifically for community dwelling people who have mental illness. The aim of this article is to articulate the authors' reflections of the way learning was facilitated by collaboratively researching with people who have debilitating and enduring mental illness. The authors facilitated 10 Participatory Action Research (PAR) group meetings with people with mental illness and who experienced incontinence during 2002. Using a collaborative research process, participants were facilitated to ‘look, think and act’. That was to look at possible reasons for incontinence, identify self–management strategies and to take action to achieve self-selected goals. In this way, participants sought practical strategies for lifestyle modification and awareness raising, with a strong chance of successful uptake. 相似文献
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Awadallah N Vaughan A Franco K Munir F Sharaby N Goldfarb J 《Child abuse & neglect》2005,29(8):931-941
The history of an older child victim of Munchausen by proxy (MBP) is described. He was referred for evaluation after repeated sinus surgeries for recurrent sinus infections believed to be related to a falsified history of an immunodeficiency. The perpetrator was the mother of this 14-year-old victim, consistent with the majority of such cases. This case prompted a review of cases of MBP in older children reported in our hospital as well as a literature search for other cases in older children. METHODS: This study was a chart review of children over 6 years of age who had been evaluated by social services at the Children's Hospital at the Cleveland Clinic and reported as cases of Munchausen by proxy to Child Protective Services between January 2001 and June 2003. Also, an OVID, Psychline, and Pubmed literature review of published cases of Munchausen by proxy were identified, and cases occurring in the older child were selected for review. RESULTS: Older children who are the victims of Munchausen by proxy may have an induced illness, but falsified reports of symptoms and medical history to coerce the child to undergo medical procedures may be more common. Collusion of the victim with the perpetrator may also become a factor as the child ages and adopts the deception. Given the complex relationship that exists between the parent and child, it is difficult to predict whether the victim either will assist the caregiver in maintaining the factitious illness or be able to recognize the falsification. CONCLUSIONS: Older children who are the victims of Munchausen by proxy may fear consequences of revealing the factitious illness. Physicians must consider the possibility of this diagnosis whenever there are discrepancies in a child's illness that makes a factitious illness a consideration. 相似文献
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本文结合王统照晚年的国内形势,剖析了王统照暮年的创作心理状态。其心理状态是复杂的：既有胜利后的欣喜。又有因病而不能工作的苦闷和考虑到自己来日无多而急于工作的急迫感。 相似文献
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The South Africa Schools Act requires every child to “attend school from the first school day of the year in which such learner reaches the age of seven years until the last day of the year in which such learner reaches the age of 15 years or the ninth grade, whichever comes first” (Republic of South Africa, 1996). This paper addresses three questions in relation to this. First, to what extent has this legal requirement been met? Second, what are the trends in relation to achieving universal access to compulsory education? And third, what are the factors related to and characteristics of those learners of compulsory school age who are not attending? To address these questions, we have made use of the Statistics South Africa dataset, Community Survey 2007. Our analysis suggests that the size of the compulsory age population who are not attending school may be slightly higher than some government sources have suggested. The trend associated with access remains consistent, with the only major change over the past 10 years being the improved levels of enrolment of six and seven year old children. With regard to the factors related to and the characteristics of children who are not attending school, our analysis reveals that certain sub-populations have higher non-attendance ratios: coloured boys; children whose parents, particularly mothers, have died; children born outside South Africa; children who have moved in the past five years; children with disabilities; and children living in some specific rural communities. A number of broad but interrelated factors may account for children not being in school: disability; family structure; children living in households that are eligible for social grants but are not receiving them; and geographic and racial characteristics. To be poor in South Africa may mean exclusion from the mainstream of the economy, but it does not necessarily mean exclusion from access to basic state services like enrolment in schooling or social grants. Children not attending are not only likely to be living in households that are excluded from participation in the mainstream economy, but are also on the fringes of state services; they may also be on the fringes of households. The paper concludes with recommendations for further research to identify reasons why children in these vulnerable sub-populations are less likely to be enrolled. 相似文献