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1.
In recent years, the landscape for wireless technology has changed substantially, with profound implications for the evolution of last-mile access infrastructure. This paper provides a high-level introduction to emerging trends in wireless technology, with a special focus on how these are impacting municipal broadband deployments. Also discussed are some of the key architectural and design choices for wireless networking systems and their implications for cost and system performance. In addition, examples are provided regarding how the new wireless technologies are being deployed by municipalities in a variety of contexts, with reference to wireless technologies currently available from vendors. The policy implications of these trends are discussed further in a companion paper in this issue. 相似文献
2.
Wireless is changing the policy calculus for municipal broadband 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Historically, the justification for municipal provisioning of “last-mile” communications infrastructure has focused on the natural monopoly aspect of wireline infrastructure. Growing interest in wireless ISPs, municipal hot spots, and access to public space for siting wireless infrastructure suggests new and expanded opportunities for local government participation in telecommunication services. This paper examines the implications of emerging wireless technologies for the policy debate over whether municipalities should be playing an active role in providing last-mile broadband services and, if so, what the nature of that role should be. 相似文献
3.
This paper assesses the ways in which local actors are reconfiguring public access to broadband through the unlicensed spectrum. The process of adoption and configuration of public Wi-Fi networks in Austin, Texas, is the focus of our case study. Austin is one of the most “unwired” cities in the United States and increasingly known as a world-class industrial center in wireless. The development of strategic visions about public Wi-Fi services among user groups and local startups provided a fertile ground for diverse partnerships among nonprofit groups, broadband providers, wireless ISPs, and the city government. We also found that the popularity of the venue-sponsored or free-to-end-user model of access is supported by different providers that see their interests represented in the growth of public wireless broadband. However, the prevailing model of public Wi-Fi has a strong commercial bias. This, combined with the historical socioeconomic divides in the city, has resulted in an uneven geography of public Wi-Fi networks. 相似文献
4.
Analysis of the urban/rural broadband divide in Canada: Using GIS in planning terrestrial wireless deployment 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
M. Sawada Daniel Cossette Barry Wellar Tolga Kurt 《Government Information Quarterly》2006,23(3-4):454
Millions of Canadians residing in Canada's northern, isolated, rural, and remote communities do not have broadband Internet access. This situation has led to a national “broadband divide.” That is, the deployment of wireline broadband is very limited in Canada's northern, isolated, rural, and remote areas because of the significant expense of installation and maintenance of the wired infrastructure needed to reach dwellings in these locations.Terrestrial broadband wireless technology, on the other hand, does not entail the same kind of physical infrastructure. As a result, there are dramatic changes in how spatial considerations affect the provision of broadband Internet services (BIS) to areas beyond the urban zone. In particular, the spatial question is now focused on assessing the capacity for different technological solutions to reach profitable population bases, and brings to the forefront organizations that are developing non-line-of-sight (NLOS) technologies that would permit wireless Internet access over much greater distances than current solutions.We begin this paper by establishing the importance of broadband connectivity to Canada's northern, isolated, rural, and remote communities. This discussion comments on the role of the Government of Canada in the provision of broadband connectivity to residents of these communities, and outlines the current regulatory issues that govern wireless services and policy formulation.The second part of the paper illustrates the use of geographic information system (GIS) approaches in the study of wireless broadband planning and deployment. Case study findings suggest that GIS applications can make a significant contribution to the analysis of wireless deployment planning, to the understanding of the relationships between wireless signal sources and consumers, and to the spatial configuration of terrestrial wireless broadband networks. We conclude the paper by discussing how the GIS approach employed could be used to inform the public policy process with regard to increasing access to broadband Internet services in all regions of the country, and thereby providing the opportunity for all Canadians, regardless of location, to fully participate in the Information Society. 相似文献
5.
Municipalities face a dilemma as they pursue technologically enabled modes of providing traditional services. The planning stages of e-government amount to triage: which specific municipal functions and services can a municipality afford to implement (or which services can they afford not to implement) given the costs of technology and technological capability? Little in the way of defining the leading edge of innovation among cities exists. To date, the literature on e-government “best practices” tends to stress creating standards for evaluating web-enabled services rather than for benchmarking the actual status of e-government implementation. In other words, a well-developed literature is emerging around standards by which municipal websites can be evaluated such as navigability and content standards. These standards do not give us insight, however, into the specific functions and services as they emerge on municipality websites. As a means toward addressing this lacuna, the authors created a rubric for benchmarking implementation among cities nationwide using a broad range of functional dimensions and assigning municipalities “e-scores.” In this paper, the authors describe these efforts, their approach and their findings. 相似文献
6.
This research presents findings from a case study of how three municipal access channels were transformed into channelAustin, a digital community access center in Austin, TX. More generally, it addresses the question of how states and municipal governments can employ video franchise resources to promote sustainable adoption and use of broadband services. Drawing on participatory approaches to community development, this paper offers a model of community participation in local information ecosystems to guide planning and evaluation of these interventions. Findings indicate that digital community media projects like channelAustin can help municipalities serve information needs of ethnically diverse local publics, while also promoting advanced digital skills, economic opportunities, civic engagement, and social cohesion. However, the article recommends that more attention be placed on community outreach, partnerships with nonprofits and other local public media, local curation of citizen-produced, digital content, and the consolidation of accessible online distribution channels through which residents can connect and deliberate about local issues. I discuss the implication of these findings for efforts to connect broadband and media localism policies in the U.S. 相似文献
7.
This study examines the role of local government in the deployment of municipal Wi-Fi networks from the perspective of path dependency and social shaping of technology. By employing a case study method, the study investigated ways in which municipal networks in three cities in the United States were constructed and operated. The study found that the technology models developed from each city's past experiences in communication technologies played an essential role in the rollout of the current Wi-Fi networks. It also uncovered that social and political factors accounted for the different characteristics of each city's network implementation. 相似文献
8.
Robert LaRose Johannes M. Bauer Kurt DeMaagd Han Ei Chew Wenjuan Ma Yumi Jung 《Government Information Quarterly》2014
In 2009, U.S. Congress approved $7.2 billion to accelerate the deployment of advanced broadband networks and services to unserved and underserved regions of the country. Although primarily a short-term response to the economic crisis, the appropriation also indicates a willingness to seek a new balance between private sector and public sector initiatives in the development of the nation's broadband infrastructure. This paper is a first step in assessing the potential impact of the new government initiatives. It discusses in detail one component of the overall program, the Broadband Technology Opportunities Program (BTOP). The rationales and objectives of BTOP and its initial implementation are explored. Based on information in the BTOP database, 265 awards were examined to document award types, target communities, applications, technology, and access speeds. Whereas it is too early to assess the initiatives' effects on employment and other important social and economic objectives, it is appropriate to consider whether the awards made under the BTOP program advance a national broadband development agenda. Overall, they appear to. However, the present analysis found that projects focusing on minority populations may have received less emphasis in the BTOP awards than that announced in the stated goals of the program. 相似文献
9.
《Government Information Quarterly》2003,20(2):95-106
A great deal of policy attention over the past two years has been directed at insuring that more communities within the country have access to high speed or “broadband” connections. The 1996 Telecommunications Act promises through its universal service provisions that telecommunications services will be roughly comparable across urban and rural areas, but the rapid development of new Internet-based services and the networks on which they depend illustrates huge discrepancies in broadband availability. This paper analyzes some of the programs and policies that claim to address this network divide, using existing data to comment on their efficacy. These analyses suggest that the prospects for near-term broadband services in rural region are dim, and that the existing policy approaches appear insufficient to achieve the goal of widespread rural deployment. 相似文献
10.
影响当前中国图书馆事业发展的四个问题 总被引：74，自引：0，他引：74
建国５０年,特别是改革开放２０年以来,我国图书馆事业得到了巨大的发展,但也存在不少问题。微观上,普遍感到资金不足、设备陈旧、馆舍拥挤、队伍不稳定,也许各馆问题不同,程度有异,但家家都有一本难念的经。宏观上,也存在着体制、法治、规划等问题。我认为,技术... 相似文献
11.
公共文化社会化发展快速推进过程中,如何更好地坚持和实现政府主导,是当前各地公共文化服务体系建设实践中面临的普遍性问题。上海市政府采取出台政策法规、发布采购目录、优选专业社会主体、实施签约服务、履行事后评估等举措,建立公共文化社会化全面主导方式。宁波市政府围绕全市文化强市建设,设置了"全民艺术普及"重大文化惠民工程,以市文化馆为核心全面带动城市社会专业艺术培训机构参与,形成以社会化为主要推进方式的专项突破主导方式。株洲市政府顺应数字化网络化尤其是移动互联网时代云计算、大数据、广互联、融媒体、众主体的公共文化服务特征,采取打通文旅体资源及事业与产业传统瓶颈,创设开放性、兼容性、互动性公共文化社会化平台支撑主导方式。三地各出奇招、各有奇效,对全行业下一步发展深有启发。 相似文献
12.
Qiang Zhao 《International Information and Library Review》2010,42(3):208-211
Delivering public services to citizens via the Internet is the basic goal of E-government. Although websites are becoming essential elements of public e-services in local public administration in China, little is known about their efficiency and effectiveness. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the actual status of Web-enabled public services to citizens in municipal e-government implementation in the Yangtze River Delta. Eight categories of public services to citizens delivered through the Internet have been identified in the websites of the 14 local municipal governments. These public services include birth, marriage, domicile register, education, social security, public utility, health and traffic. Using the methodology of service maturity, this study evaluates the quality and usage of public e-services to citizens in the Yangtze River Delta. The results of this study show that almost all city governments are shifting from the traditional bureaucratic paradigm to the e-government public service paradigm, albeit with significant differences in public e-services level in these cities. At present, e-government public services to citizens in almost all the cities studied are mostly limited to on-line presentations of government information with a low degree of development of interaction and on-line transaction. The municipal governments and policymakers in the near future will have to strengthen the interactivity of their websites with citizens and improve the on-line transaction level in order to deliver citizen-centric public e-services. 相似文献
13.
Qiang Zhao 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(3):208-211
Delivering public services to citizens via the Internet is the basic goal of E-government. Although websites are becoming essential elements of public e-services in local public administration in China, little is known about their efficiency and effectiveness. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the actual status of Web-enabled public services to citizens in municipal e-government implementation in the Yangtze River Delta. Eight categories of public services to citizens delivered through the Internet have been identified in the websites of the 14 local municipal governments. These public services include birth, marriage, domicile register, education, social security, public utility, health and traffic. Using the methodology of service maturity, this study evaluates the quality and usage of public e-services to citizens in the Yangtze River Delta. The results of this study show that almost all city governments are shifting from the traditional bureaucratic paradigm to the e-government public service paradigm, albeit with significant differences in public e-services level in these cities. At present, e-government public services to citizens in almost all the cities studied are mostly limited to on-line presentations of government information with a low degree of development of interaction and on-line transaction. The municipal governments and policymakers in the near future will have to strengthen the interactivity of their websites with citizens and improve the on-line transaction level in order to deliver citizen-centric public e-services. 相似文献
14.
《Government Information Quarterly》2021,38(4):101600
It is estimated that by 2050, 70% of the population will be urban (Nations Unies, 2014). This massive urbanization has created unprecedented challenges for cities and city managers which has led many of them to look for technological solutions to address them, including the use of Big Data, which is among the most considered technological support to help improve the overall operational and service delivery of cities. It is estimated that around 7 billion connected objects will soon be implemented in cities worldwide which will produce an unprecedented and massive amount of real-time data that will have to be managed, used, and analyzed effectively.If this massive amount of data is effectively managed and used, it can provide important benefits and produce real positive impacts on the functioning of cities. Nonetheless, despite these benefits, only a few cities are able to use and exploit big data, and some studies have shown that less than 0.5% of all the available data has been explored. The objective of this study is to understand the factors that influence cities to use big data and the nature of such use. Based on a field survey involving 106 municipalities, this study investigates the antecedents of big data use by cities and shows how different sets of antecedents influence three different types of big data use by cities. 相似文献
15.
《Government Information Quarterly》2022,39(2):101665
This study is the first to evaluate e-government diffusion among local governments in the United States over time. The diffusion rates of various types of e-government services are measured and analyzed over two decades. E-government surveys conducted by the International City/County Management Association (ICMA) from 2000 to 2011 provide an early trendline of e-government services offered, and an original two-wave panel survey was conducted in 2014 and 2019 collecting data, which extends this timeline and offers new ways to measure adoption in this later period. The panel survey includes the same 83 cities randomly selected from all cities with populations over 50,000, representing over 10% of medium and large size cities in the U.S.The findings of this study provide a clear picture that cities across the nation have increasingly adopted a wide set of e-gov services, with some reaching near complete diffusion. A total of 45 different e-government services are evaluated, with similar e-government services organized together into informational, interactive, multimedia, financial, and social media scaled variables for further analysis. Adoption and diffusion of e-government services have been neither steady nor uniform. However, from 2014 to 2019 the trend was clear: more cities offered more e-government services more consistently.The findings also offer insights into the characteristics of cities that have adopted e-government innovations earlier than others. Both greater population size and percent of residents with broadband access contribute in a statistically significant way to the number of e-gov services adopted, while other expected independent variables like economic measures of wealth do not. These findings contribute to a broader conversation about how the diffusion of e-government service adoption has changed over time and the extent to which that has affected the relationship between residents and their local governments throughout the first two decades of the 21st Century. 相似文献
16.
论文采取网络调查方法,研究公共图书馆政府信息公开服务能力,对象为31个省级公共图书馆政府信息公开服务栏目。研究结果表明:公共图书馆需要从提高重视程度、法律法规保障、培训与推广、拓展服务以及加强合作方面等完善公共图书馆政府信息公开服务机制。 相似文献
17.
《图书馆管理杂志》2013,53(2-3):61-98
Automation is a process of dynamic change whereby organizations adopting computerized information technology are systematically and thoroughly changed. Modification in processes produces inextricable change in personnel, procedure, organizational structure, services, and the public perception. Automated networking and the transfer of archives documentation through the nationwide bibliographic networks will have profound influence on archives, more than on libraries. Computer technology is forcing archivists to rethink old theoretical assumptions, professional values, and organizational strategies, including their traditional relationship with librarians and the prevalent administrative nexus between libraries and archives. Several options remain open to archival development in automated information systems, some of which are alternatives to library-dominated networks and approaches to bibliographic control, while others call for closer archives-library cooperation and integration of methodology to produce a new hybrid information milieu. 相似文献
18.
我国省级科技文献共享服务平台建设比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用电话、网络对省级科技文献共享服务平台进行调查,结果显示:国内29个省、市、自治区独立或联合其他机构建立了平台,为用户提供文献提供、定题跟踪、参考咨询服务;网站一级栏目设置内容集中于信息服务,数量多于8个,不利于文献传播;资源建设集中在中文领域,外文资源以利用NSTL为主;PR值较小,平台影响力不大。认为可通过强化合作机制、规范名称和服务术语、加强网站维护、规范栏目设置和建设特色资源,提升省级科技文献共享服务平台的建设水平。 相似文献
19.
The current state of the market for broadband access (BBA) to modern communication networks and the development of broadband
technologies in Russia are considered. The actual share of broadband products in the Russian telecommunication market and
the social importance of the technology for the country are analyzed, as well as the necessity of its development to implement
the E-government project. The broadband channel capacity that is necessary to promote new communications solutions is assessed. The technology
basis of wired broadband (digital subscriber lines, local area networks, fiber lines, and their combinations) is considered.
An attempt to foresee the developmental prospects of this technology is made. 相似文献
20.
In contrast to the private-led initiative typified by the U.S. Information Superhighway project in the early 90s, the Korean government was in the forefront of directing the Korean Information Infrastructure (KII) project (1995–2005), which was aimed at building a nationwide broadband backbone network. This study first looks at how the developmental mechanism of Korea during the KII project signifies the weaker status of the civilian government of the 90s. This study then shows how in the KII project, the government served primarily as a moderator mediating conflicts between the private sector and the relevant public agencies. To describe the close state–capital linkages in the KII project, this study focuses on the government's financial investment system for enticing the private sector to install the IT infrastructure, the neatly coordinated policy networks between the public and private entities, and the policy discourses by which the government achieved a national consensus on IT-driven economic development. 相似文献