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1.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｔｗｏ ｓｔｅｐｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｇｒａｄｉｎｇｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉｇ .1ａｒｒａｎｇｅｓａｌｌｋｉｎｄｓｏｆｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｏｆｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅａｎｄｔｈｅｎｄｅｆｉｎｅｓｔｈｅｉｒｄｅｇｒｅｅｓ.Ｆｉｇ .1　Ｔｗｏ ｓｔｅｐｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｇｒａｄｉｎｇｍｅｔｈｏｄｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅＦｉｇ.1ｓｈｏｗｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅ“0 -1ｇｒａｄｉｎｇｍｅｔｈｏｄ”ｆｉｒｓｔｇｒａｄｅｓｔｈｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｔｈｅｎｕｓｅ“ｓｉｇｎｅｘ …  相似文献   

2.
ＩｎｈｉｓＰｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓｏｆＰｒａｇｍａｔｉｃｓＬｅｅｃｈｕｓｅｓｔｗｏ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ :[1]Ｗｈａｔｄｏｅｓ“Ｘ”ｍｅａｎ ?[2 ]Ｗｈａｔｄｉｄｙｏｕｍｅａｎｂｙ“Ｘ” ?ｔｏｄｅ ｓｃｒｉｂｅｔｈｅｓｃｏｐｅｏｆｔｗｏｂｒａｎｃｈｅｓｏｆｌｉｎｇｕｉｓｔｉｃｓ :ｓｅｍａｎｔｉｃｓａｎｄｐｒａｇｍａｔｉｃｓ .① Ｔｈｉｓａｒｔｉｃｌｅｉｎｆａｃｔｇｒｏｗｓｏｕｔｏｆｔｈｅｔｗｏｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｉｔｉｓｔｏｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐａｎｄｄｉ…  相似文献   

3.
1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　ＴｈｅｓｐａｔｉａｌＧｒｅｅｎ’ｓｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｍｕｌｔｉ ｌａｙｅｒｅｄｍｅｄｉａａｒｅｕｓｅｆｕｌｉｎａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆａｎｔｅｎｎａａｎｄｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄｃｉｒｃｕｉｔｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓ.Ｔｈｅｙａｒｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｅｄｉｎｔｗｏｓｔｅｐｓ.ＴｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｉｓｔｏｄｅｒｉｖｅｔｈｅｓｐｅｃｔｒａｌＧｒｅｅｎ’ｓｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ .ＴｈｅｓｅｃｏｎｄｉｓｔｏｍａｋｅｉｎｖｅｒｓｅＦｏｕｒｉｅｒｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｏｆｔｈｅＧｒｅｅｎ’ｓｆｕｎｃ ｔ…  相似文献   

4.
Ｉ .ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＦｏｒｅｉｇｎｅｘｐｅｒｔｓｈａｖｅｐａｉｄｍｕｃｈａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｉｎｔｏｒｅａｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｏｒｉｅｓａｎｄｒｅａｄｉｎｇｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ .Ｔｈｅｉｒａｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓｃａｎｂｅｓｕｍｍｅｄｕｐａｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｓ :(1) .Ｒｅａｄｉｎｇｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎｉｓｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｖｅ ,ｔｈａｔｉｓ ,ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎｉｓｎｅｉｔｈｅｒｔｏｔａｌｌｙｔｅｘｔ ｂａｓｅｄ(ｂｏｔｔｏｍ ｕｐ)ｎｏ…  相似文献   

5.
1　 Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　Ｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｖｅｒｙｌｏｗｂｉｔ ｒａｔｅｖｉｄｅｏｃｏｄｉｎｇｈａｓｉｎ ｃｒｅａｓｅｄｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｙｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｃｒｅａｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｅｗｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓａｎｄａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｒｅｑｕｉｒｉｎｇｔｈｉｓｃｌａｓｓｏｆｂｉｔｒａｔｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｉｒｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ .Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｉｓｔｒｅｎｄ ,ｏｂｊｅｃｔ ｏｒｉｅｎｔｅｄｖｉｄｅｏｃｏｄｉｎｇｗａｓｆｉｒｓｔｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｂｙＭｕｓｍａｎｎｅｔａｌ.ｉｎ 1989[1 ],ａｎｄｈａｓｂｅｅ…  相似文献   

6.
ＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＤｉｓｃａｒｄｅｄｎｏｎ ｄｅｇｒａｄａｂｌｅｐｌａｓｔｉｃｆｉｌｍｓｗｉｄｅ ｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｆｏｏｄｐａｃｋａｇｉｎｇｃａｕｓｅ“ｗｈｉｔｅｐｏｌｌｕ ｔｉｏｎ”ｔｏｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ.Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ,ｔｈｅｕｓ  相似文献   

7.
CONSTRUCTION COST INTEGRATED CONTROL BASED ON COMPUTER SIMULATION   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｃｏｓｔｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｉｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｆｏｒｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｏｆａｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ.Ａｃｏｓｔｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｓｙｓｔｅｍｍｕｓｔｂｅｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄｔｏｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｗｅｌｌｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ (ＷａｎｇＳｈｏｕ ｑｉｎｇ,1 996) .Ｔｈｉｓｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｔｏｌｅｔｔｈｅｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｍａｎａｇｅｒｋｎｏｗｔｈｅｃｕｒ…  相似文献   

8.
1 ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＦｏｒｔｗｏ -ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎＢｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑｃｏｎｖｅｃｔｉｏｎ ,ｉｎｔｈｅｌｉｍｉｔｏｆｔａｌｌ,ｔｈｉｎｒｏｌｌｓ,ｗｅａｋｌｙｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｃｏｎｖｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎａｖｅｒｔｉｃａｌｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｆｉｅｌｄｃａｎｂｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｂｙａｎａｓｙｍｐｔｏｔｉｃａｌｌｙｅｘａｃｔｔｈｉｒｄ -ｏｒｄｅｒｓｅｔｏｆｏｒｄｉｎａｒｙｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ .Ｔｈｅｓｅｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓａｒｅｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｅｄｂｙｆｉｖｅｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓ :…  相似文献   

9.
1 .ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＧＰＳＳ(ＧｅｎｅｒａｌＰｕｒｐｏｓｅＳｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎＳｙｓｔｅｍ)ｉｓａｃｏｎｖｅｎｉｅｎｔａｎｄａｐｐｌｉｃａｂｌｅｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｄｉｓｃｒｅｔｅ -ｅｖｅｎｔｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ .Ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｏｒｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｌｉｎｅｓａｒｅｉｔｓｍａｊｏｒａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｒｅａｓ .ＵｎｄｅｒｔｈｅｒｅｑｕｅｓｔｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＴｉａｎｊｉｎＤｉｅｓｅｌＥｎ…  相似文献   

10.
1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　Ｅｕ3 :Ｙ2 ＳｉＯ5ｃｒｙｓｔａｌｉｓｕｓｅｄａｓａｎｅｗｌｕｍｉｎｅｓｃｅｎｃｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ.Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｔｈｅｎｕｃｌｅａｒｍｏｍｅｎｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｍ ｐｏｓｉｔｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓａｒｅｓｍａｌｌｉｎｔｈｉｓｃｒｙｓｔａｌ,ｔｈｅｓｐｉｎ ｓｐｉｎｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｇｕｅｓｔａｎｄｈｏｓｔｉｏｎｓｉｓｍｉｎｉｍｉｚｅｄ .Ｔｈｅｇｕｅｓｔ ｈｏｓｔｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｄｏｅｓｎｏｔｃａｕｓｅｌａｒｇｅａｄｄｉ ｔｉｏｎａｌｌｉｎｅｂｒｏａｄｅ…  相似文献   

11.
1IntroductionIn recent years,there are many papers published ontoluene oxidation to benzaldehyde.The most i mpor-tant research works of these papers are electric oxida-tion and toluene oxidizied by using air in gas phase orin liquid phase.A novel technology for benzaldehydeproduction is developed,with which manganese sul-fate reacts with ammonium carbonate to yield manga-nese carbonate and ammoniun sulfate.Manganese car-bonate is baked for being changed into manganese ses-quioxide,which can ox…  相似文献   

12.
Well-cubic perovskite lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3) film on (110) silicon substrate was fabricated by sol-gel method with corresponding inorganic salts. Lanthanum acetate and aluminum acetate glacial acetic acid solutions were prepared via ligand exchange starting from lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate and aluminum nitrate hexahydrate after being refluxed. (CH3CO)2O removed nitrates and the crystallized H2O completely, acetylacetone (AcAc) was partially bidentated with metallic ion of the metallic acetates and formed La(OAc)3−x (AcAc) x which were hydrolyzed into La(AcAc)3−x(OH) x by adding 10 ml 0.4% methyl cellulose (MCL) solution. The La(AcAc)3−x (OH) x , polymerizing and combining with MCL, formed the LaAlO3 sol precursor with heteropolymeric structure and formed film easily. The epitaxial LaAlO3 film on Si(110) substrate was crystallized after being annealed in thermal annealing furnace for 650–750 °C/30 min. The morphologies and microstructures were characterized. The refractive index of the LAO film was 1.942 to 2.007; the dielectric constant and the dissipation factors were estimated to be 23–26 and 2.1×10−4−2.4×10−4 respectively. Project (No. 2002CB613305) supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China  相似文献   

13.
Osteochondral allografting has been proved to be a useful method to treat diseased or damaged areas of joint surfaces. Operational long-term stocks of grafts which supply a buffer between procurement and utilization would contribute to the commercialization or industrialization of this technology. Vitrification has been thought to be a promising method for successful preservation of articular cartilage (AC), but high concentration cryoprotectants (CPAs) are used which may cause high cellular toxicity. An effective way to reduce CPA toxicity is to increase CPA concentration gradually while the temperature is lowered. Understanding the mechanism of CPA permeation at subzero temperatures is important for designing the cryopreservation protocol. In this research, the permeation of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) in ovine AC at subzero temperatures was studied experimentally. Pretreated AC discs were exposed in Me2SO solutions for different time (0, 5, 15, 30, 50, 80, and 120 min) at three temperature levels (−10, −20, and −30 °C). The Me2SO concentration within the tissue was determined by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry. The diffusion coefficients were estimated to be 0.85×10−6, 0.48×10−6, and 0.27×10−6 cm2/s at −10, −20, and −30 °C, respectively, and the corresponding activation energy was 29.23 kJ/mol. Numerical simulation was performed to compare two Me2SO addition protocols, and the results demonstrated that the total loading duration could be effectively reduced with the knowledge of permeation kinetics.  相似文献   

14.
Infrared （IR） absorption spectra and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） patterrns of sexpenfine cat＇s eye from Sichuan Province have been investigated, and infrared absorption bands of the serpentine have been assigned in this paper. The results indicate that the bands near 3 600 - 3 700 cm^-1 belong to the stretching absorption band VOH, the bands in 948 - 1 100 cm^-1 axe assigned to the stretching vibraling band Usvo, and the bands at 600 570 and 440 cm^-1 respectively belong to the bending vibration band VOH, δMg-O and δSi-O. The serpentine cat＇ s eye includes two types： chrysotile and antigorite. Chrysotile has a sharp and intensive band at 3 688 cm^-1 and a weak band at 3 643 cm^-1 , while antigorite has only one intensive band in the region. At vibration band VSi-O, chrysotile and antigorite have a similar feature at 1 071 cm^-1, but the band at 980 cm^-1 in anfigorite has been split into two bands in chrysotile - a strong one at 1 027 cm^-1 and a weak one at 949 cm^-1. In addition, antigorite has a characteristic bending vibrating band δMg-O at 570 cm^-1. Based on the analysis of the feature of crystal structure, their IR differences axe well explained.  相似文献   

15.
A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect of copper as cupric sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O), and lead as lead acetate (Pb (OAc)2) on the size of the microbial biomass in red soil. The metals were applied, separately at six different levels: Cu at 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 600 μg·g−1 soil and Pb at 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 μg·g−1 soil. In comparison to uncontaminated soil, the microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and biomass nitrogen (Nmic) decreased sharply in soils contaminated with Cu and Pb. The microbial biomass C:N ratio in the metal contaminated soil was observed to be considerably higher than that in untreated control. Between the two tested metals, Cu displayed greater biocidal effect on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen than Pb, showing their relative toxicity in the order: Cu≫Pb. Project (No. 49671050) supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China. Wa’el Mohamad—Former Ph. D. Student of Zhejiang University and is working in Ministry Of Agriculture (P. O. box. 2099), Amman, Jordan.  相似文献   

16.
The effects of the concentration of dissolved total organic carbon (TOC), the TOC/Br- ratio, bromide ion levels, the chlorine to ammonia-N ratio (Cl:N), the monochloramine dose and the chlorine dose on the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) (including chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane, and bromoform) from chlorination were investigated using aqueous humic acid (HA) solutions. The profile of the chloramine decay was also studied under various bromide ion concentrations. Monochloramine decayed in the presence of organic material and bromide ions. The percentage of chloroform and brominated THMs varied according to the TOC/Br- ratio. Total THMs (TTHMs) formation increased from 112 to 190 μg/L with the increase concentrations of bromide ions from 0.67 to 6.72 mg/L, but the chlorine-substituted THMs were replaced by bromine-substituted THMs. A strong linear correlation was obtained between the monochloramine dose and the formation of THMs for Cl:N ratios of 3:1 and 5:1. These ratios had a distinct effect on the formation of chloroform but had little impact on the formation of bromodichloromethane or chlorodibromomethane. The presence of bromide ions increased the rate of monochloramine decay.  相似文献   

17.
Pakistani wheat varieties are grown over a wide agro-climatic range and as such are anticipated to exhibit yield and quality differences. It is therefore necessary to investigate the nutritional status of wheat varieties in terms of biochemical and physiochemical characteristics available for food and nutritional purposes in Pakistan. The result shows that wheat grains of different varieties contain a net protein level of 9.15%～10.27%, 2.15%～2.55% total fats, 1.72%～1.85% dietary fibers,77.65×10^-6～84.25×10^-6 of potassium and 7.70× 10 6～35.90× 10^-6 of sodium ions concentration, 0.24× 10^-6～0.84× 10^-6 of phosphorus, 1.44%～2.10% ash, 31.108～43.602 g of thousand grain mass （TGM） and 8.38%～9.67% moisture contents. This study is significant in providing an opportunity to explore the available wheat varieties and to further improve their nutritional excellence and also essential for setting nutritional regulations for domestic and export purposes.  相似文献   

18.
Cucumber and rice plants with varying ammonium (NH4 +) sensitivities were used to examine the effects of different nitrogen (N) sources on gas exchange, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence quenching, and photosynthetic electron allocation. Compared to nitrate (NO3 −)-grown plants, cucumber plants grown under NH4 +-nutrition showed decreased plant growth, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) level, transpiration rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, and O2-independent alternative electron flux, and increased O2-dependent alternative electron flux. However, the N source had little effect on gas exchange, Chl a fluorescence parameters, and photosynthetic electron allocation in rice plants, except that NH4 +-grown plants had a higher O2-independent alternative electron flux than NO3 −-grown plants. NO3 − reduction activity was rarely detected in leaves of NH4 +-grown cucumber plants, but was high in NH4 +-grown rice plants. These results demonstrate that significant amounts of photosynthetic electron transport were coupled to NO3 − assimilation, an effect more significant in NO3 −-grown plants than in NH4 +-grown plants. Meanwhile, NH4 +-tolerant plants exhibited a higher demand for the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for NO3 − reduction, regardless of the N form supplied, while NH4 +-sensitive plants had a high water-water cycle activity when NH4 + was supplied as the sole N source.  相似文献   

19.
Studies were initiated for two consecutive years to find out the effect of time of transplanting and seedlings hill^-l on the productivity of rice in Dera Ismail Khan district of North West Frontier Province （NWFP）, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements. Main plots consisted of four transplanting dates viz. 20th and 27th of June and 4th and 1 lth of July while sub-plots contained 1, 2, 3 or 4 seedlings hill^-1. Among transplanting dates, June 20th planted crop gave highest paddy yield and net return with I seedling hill^-1. It explains that the use of more seedlings hill^-1 not only adds to cost but is also a mere wastage of natural resources. Based on research findings, we conclude that the use of I seedling hill^-1 is most appropriate for timely sowing otherwise 4 seedlings hill^-1 should be used to compensate for the yield gap in late transplanted rice.  相似文献   

20.
Luciferase from firefly lantern extract was immobilized on CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. The kinetic properties of immobilized luciferase were extensively studied. TheK m′ for D-luciferin is 11.9 μmol/L, the optimum pH and temperature for Sepharose-bound enzyme were 7.8 and 25°C respectively. A luminescence fiber optic biosensor, making use of immobilized crude luciferase, was developed for assay of ATP. The peak light intensity was linear with respect to ATP concentration in range of 10−9–10−5 mol/L. A biological application was also demonstrated with the determination of serum ATP from rats bred in low versus normal oxygen environments.  相似文献   

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