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1.
市场化环境对大学组织行为的影响及其应对策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
阎凤桥 《清华大学教育研究》2005,26(3):84-93
大学处于市场力量与维护学术使命的张力之间，处理好两者之间的关系，成为大学能否在新经济时代扮演其轴心组织作用的关键。本文通过对美国研究型大学的考察，首先分析了大学在教学和研究方面的一些营利性行为以及收益与代价，其次分析了大学制度和组织对于其营利性行为的制约作用，然后简要地讨论了高等教育市场运行机制的特殊性，比较了精英大学与普通大学、非营利性大学与营利性大学之间的行为差异。最后，总结了大学应对外部市场化环境的四个策略。 相似文献
2.
试论创新背景下的创业型大学建设 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
随着创新型国家概念的提出,大学对提升国家竞争力的特殊意义正日益凸显,同时社会也对研究型大学本身提出了更高要求:不仅应创造出满足战略需求、具有重大意义的创新科技成果,而且应将成果积极转化为现实生产力,推动国家和地区经济的发展.创业型大学作为研究型大学变革的趋势,需要在包括跨学科组织、技术转移机制、混成组织建设和人才培养等方面做出新的努力,从而给予国家和企业更大的支持力度. 相似文献
3.
＂新大学＂的核心价值体现在一种全新的高等教育类型,作为大众化高等教育的产物,它应该区别于传统精英高等教育,既是人才培养上一种新的规格,又是在办学理念上对传统的一种突破和挑战,也是大学经营、管理体制上的新模式,更是对＂社会需求＂,而非＂学术需求＂的响应。作为新型大学的代表,美国的州立大学和赠地学院、英国的新大学在管理体制、运行模式等方面比起传统大学均有很大程度上的变革和创新。国内目前对＂新大学＂的研究只是停留在办学定位、发展模式、学科建设、师资队伍等大学内部制度建立上,借鉴发达国家的不同时期出现的面向经济社会培养应用型人才的新型大学制度,从分类管理角度出发,探索应用型大学的发展路径,建立现代大学制度,逐步推进政校分开、管办分离。 相似文献
4.
樊继轩 《黄河科技大学学报》2014,(2):107-111
在高等教育大众化阶段,大学组织结构已从精英化大学组织结构转化为"为社会服务"的大众化大学组织结构。徘徊于精英教育和大众化教育两种体系之间的新建本科高校,为了适应区域经济建设的需要,必须十分鲜明地确立大众化的发展路径,以大学的组织结构理论构建应用型创新人才的培养模式,由创业者组织结构向大众化大学组织结构转型。因此,确立"本科学历教育与职业技能培养"相结合的人才培养模式,应是新建本科高校可持续发展的应用型创新人才培养路径。 相似文献
5.
当代美国高等教育研究理念主要包括“学术资本主义”、“学术资本主义与新经济”、“大学的企业性”、“全球一体化与社区学院”、“知识和金钱对研究型大学的影响”和“大学的组织转型”等。这些理念对高等教育实践具有解释作用,对决策人员具有参考、引导作用,对高等教育行政管理人员具有指导作用。这些理念的应用有一定限度。 相似文献
6.
Haibo Yu 《Chinese Education & Society》2014,47(2):8-24
This article analyzes the content and format of the Overseas University Leadership Program organized by the National Academy of Education Administration in Beijing, China. Universities provide the country with scientific and technological expertise, pave the path to individual advancement, and are major economic engines. China's new mission is to transform a country with sufficient manpower resources into one with abundant talent resources (Zhou 2008). After the massive expansion that began in 1999, the rapid increase in enrollments and fast growth of universities transformed Chinese higher education from "elite education" to "mass education." As a result with the expansion, problems such as quality, funding, inadequate support facilities, unqualified academic staff, and graduate employment are gradually emerging. Since the 1990s, China has launched several projects, notably Project 211 and Project 985, to develop a tertiary education system of international stature with a select number of leading research universities and research centers of excellence. According to various World University Rankings (SJTU, Times, and others), most world-class universities are in North America and Western Europe; relatively fewer are in Japan, Australia, Hong Kong/China, New Zealand, and Singapore. Mainland China faces many challenges in building such world-class universities. 相似文献
7.
Dynamics of National and Global Competition in Higher Education 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Simon Marginson 《Higher Education》2006,52(1):1-39
The paper explores the dynamics of competition in higher education. National competition and global competition are distinct,
but feed into each other. Higher education produces ‘positional goods’ (Hirsch 1976) that provide access to social prestige
and income-earning. Research universities aim to maximise their status as producers of positional goods. This status is a
function of student selectivity plus research performance. At system-level competition bifurcates between exclusivist elite
institutions that produce highly value positional goods, where demand always exceeds supply and expansion is constrained to
maximise status; and mass institutions (profit and non-profit) characterised by place-filling and expansion. Intermediate
universities are differentiated between these poles. In global competition, the networked open information environment has
facilitated (1) the emergence of a world-wide positional market of elite US/UK universities; and (2) the rapid development
of a commercial mass market led by UK and Australian universities. Global competition is vectored by research capacity. This
is dominated by English language, especially US universities, contributing to the pattern of asymmetrical resources and one-way
global flows. The paper uses Australia as its example of system segmentation and global/national interface. It closes by reflecting
on a more balanced global distribution of capacity. 相似文献
8.
发源于中世纪大学的讲座制,是19世纪大学中一种重要的基层学术组织形式,柏林大学讲座制的确立赋予讲座制现代意义的标志,确立了教授在大学中的核心地位和近现代大学教育与科研相结合的新职能,促进了德国大学科研和教学水平的大幅提高,对世界上众多研究型大学的改革和发展产生重要启示和影响。我国高校可借鉴柏林大学讲座制中的合理成分,正确处理教学和科研职能的关系。 相似文献
9.
袁广林 《扬州大学学报(高教研究版)》2006,10(1):3-6
基层学术组织是大学开展知识创新活动的最前沿,其工作绩效对大学持续的知识创新具有决定性的作用。研究型大学把创新知识、发展知识作为自己的重要使命,在知识高度分化而又高度综合的发展趋势下,研究型大学必须根据发展知识的固有逻辑改革现有基层学术组织。目前,我国研究型大学专业科层制学术组织改革仍未能满足知识发展综合化的要求,因此,不同的大学应根据知识的特性和自身的特点,采取跨学科的研究所和研究中心、科技创新平台和人文社科创新基地、网络组织结构等形式对其基层学术组织进行改革。 相似文献
10.
The changing demand for higher education in the seventies: Adaptations within three national systems
Roger L. Geiger 《Higher Education》1980,9(3):255-276
Aspects of decline in the demand for higher education have become apparent in most Western systems of higher education in the mid-seventies. Although these are usually associated with deteriorating labor markets and falling relative earnings of university graduates, analyses of enrollment trends in Belgium, the United States and France reveal that other factors have an important influence upon enrollment levels. In the comparatively elite Belgian university system the maintenance of rigorous academic standards in secondary schools and the universities appears to be responsible for the stagnation in enrollments since 1971. The surprising decline in the enrollment rates of white males in the United States seems to be due to both worsening labor markets and declining academic achievement levels. French university students have responded to the devaluation of university degrees by decreasing the time and effort applied to university study; but even under these circumstances the traumas of the 1976 confrontation have apparently discouraged potential students from enrolling. These developments suggest that the expansion of higher education has reached a set of inherent limitations created by social conditions and educational organization; and that inducing further expansion would do little to raise real educational levels or further social advancement. 相似文献
11.
Gero Lenhardt Robert D Reisz PD Dr Manfred Stock 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2008,11(4):559-576
The system of higher education in the USA comprises the undergraduate programs of the colleges and the graduate programs in research universities. This distinction has no equivalent in Germany. The idea of elite education is connected exclusively with the colleges. Its meaning and functions are demonstrated with an analysis of the criteria which are used for the ranking of higher education institutions. The ranking of the colleges is addressed to the students and is based on indicators, which give expression above all to the educational priorities of the students and the alumni. The ranking of the graduate programs focuses on specific academic programs and is addressed to the members of the various academic fields and to their prospective students. A few rankings cover whole educational institutions and serve to inform the higher educational management. We use these data to identity the specifics of outstanding research universities and their role in American higher education. 相似文献
12.
新建本科院校质量工程与精品课程建设 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新建本科院校是我国高等教育由精英教育向大众教育过渡，实现本科教育扩张的主要基地。实施教育质量工程，全面提高教育质量，是新建本科院校生存与发展的必然选择。精品课程建设是课程建设机制创新的重要组成部分，引领了高等学校教育质量建设的新观念、新思想，是新建本科院校提高教育教学质量、深化教育教学改革的切实途径之一。通过对精品课程在教育质量工程中重要作用的阐述，讨论了新建本科院校进行精品课程建设的思路和方法，并提出在教育质量工程中实施精品课程战略的具体措施。 相似文献
13.
社会化定位与适用型人才培养--我国当代教学型高校的出路与作为 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
近年来,我国高等教育的发展实现了历史性的跨越,从精英教育步入大众化教育阶段,然而,规模扩张与质量保障、学生就业之间的矛盾,成为制约我国高等教育发展的关键。转变“比较劣势思维”,规避“趋同化路径”,培养社会适用型人才,是今日我国高等学校尤其是教学型高校的必然选择。 相似文献
14.
大学教学改革应重视对课程知识选择的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
深化课程内容改革是大学人才培养这一本体性功能回归的内在要求;大学课程的质量和特色已成为国际化高等教育时代大学胜出的核心竞争力。在我国高等教育从精英教育向大众化的转变过程中,政府提高高等教育教学质量的政策取向、高校办学自主权进一步扩大等,为大学积极开展以课程内容改革为核心的校本研究提供了很好的制度平台。另外,加强对课程知识选择的研究有助于深化对教育学基本规律的认识。 相似文献
15.
Leïla Youssef 《Open Learning》2013,28(2):100-115
Globalisation, the shift to a knowledge economy, and changing demographics are increasingly challenging higher education systems. The move from elite through mass to universal education, coupled with the internationalisation of higher education, has profoundly influenced the system, especially in terms of academic mobility. It has created new fields and challenges for policy-makers. New forms of international education have emerged, including cross-border education. Commercialised for-profit cross-border degree mills and rogue providers have gained new grounds and jeopardised the quality of higher education services and qualifications because of the worthless qualifications and shoddy service levels that they may provide. The focus of national quality assurance agencies, which was previously not related to the assessment of the quality of ‘imported’ and ‘exported’ programmes, has been challenged. This paper provides a theoretical overview of the main developments in the cross-border education level. It focuses on cross-border education opportunities and threats, and on the various international frameworks that regulate these new forms of higher education. 相似文献
16.
张莉 《南昌教育学院学报》2012,(9):74-75
我国的高等教育正面临着从精英教育向大众教育的转变。随着我国高等教育规模的不断扩大和教育改革的不断深化,高校的教学管理工作朝着信息化、网络化的方向发展已成为必然趋势。在推进教学管理信息化建设的过程中,构建科学的、合理的教学管理信息化平台就显得尤为重要。 相似文献
17.
The theory of academic capitalism is used to explore US and EU marketization trajectories. Comparisons are made along the
following dimensions: creation and expansion of intermediating organizations external to universities that promote closer
relations between universities and markets; interstitial organizations that emerge from within universities that intersect
various market oriented projects; narratives, discourses and social technologies that promote marketization and competition;
expanded managerial capacity; new funding streams for research and programs close to the market; and new circuits of knowledge
that move away from peer review and professional judgment as arbiters of excellence. We also consider the status of fields
not closely integrated with external markets, and see fragmentation of the humanities, fine arts and (some) social sciences
to be a sign of research universities marketization. We conclude that the US and EU are following very different paths to
bring higher education closer to the market. The US move to the market was incremental and frequently led by a wide variety
of non-governmental organizations, often with strong ties to the for-profit sector and participation by segments of universities
prior to federal legislation or mandates. The European Commission is reverse engineering Anglo-American higher education models
to reconstruct technologies of governance in uniquely European contexts that embed competition in nation-state initiatives.
Although the discourse surrounding university marketization promises growth of high paying jobs prosperity, evidence to date
suggests very uneven results for both the US and EU. 相似文献
18.
在高等教育规模扩张的进程中,深入理解高等教育与劳动力市场之间的关系势在必然。自20世纪90年代中期以来,欧洲就从比较的视角迈出了开展毕业生综合调查的第一步。本研究的目的是探讨随着近年来欧洲大学毕业生的增加,毕业生比较调查的结果是否在学业、胜任力、就业等方面呈现出明显的变化趋势。研究结果表明,欧洲高等教育规模在十年间扩张了近一半,这并未对大学毕业生就业造成显著影响。但是,由于调查问卷的较大变化,无法分析高等教育和劳动力市场关系的变化趋势。只有研究者确保收据收集手段的一致性,对毕业生就业状况进行时序比较,才能得到有价值的结论。 相似文献
19.
高校"虚拟"学术团队及特性初探 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
高等教育的迅速发展,对高校学术团队的建设提出了新的要求,笔者针对高校的特点,结合企业中网络组织、虚拟团队、学习型组织理念,以及企业“知识型员工”的特性,提出了高校学术团队的新模式——高校“虚拟”学术团队。通过对其模式及特性的分析,为高校学术团队的建设提供参考。 相似文献
20.
高夺 《南昌教育学院学报》2011,26(3):65+69-65,69
培养应用型人才是我国高等教育从精英教育向大众教育发展的必然产物,也是知识经济飞速发展和市场对人才多元化需求的必然要求。随着科学技术的不断发展,各学科各领域对实际问题的研究日益精确化与定量化。要培养出合格的、社会需求的、具有土木工程专业背景的高级工程技术人才,走应用型人才培养模式成为必然。 相似文献