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1.
Over the past few decades, America’s social compact for higher education as a public good has effectively lapsed as government
support of higher education has diminished. Given the need for a highly educated workforce in today’s knowledge-based global
economy, we propose a new compact for higher education that couples increased funding with increased institutional accountability.
While the compact must retain academic freedom as an essential component of higher education, this autonomy must co-exist
with rigorous accountability standards. Accountability systems should be multifaceted, as different methodologies have differing
strengths and limitations. All systems should, however, inform the public and provide for institutional improvement. 相似文献
2.
Yaacov Iram 《Higher Education》1992,23(1):33-43
Israel's Planning and Grants Committee (PGC) was formed in 1974 to function as an intermediary body between the higher education system and the government in financing of higher education institutions. The PGC is largely composed of academics from universities. It was meant to guarantee both academic freedom of the higher educational system while providing for greater accountability. However, the PGC has increased its involvement in higher education and assumed also the role of planning the system as a whole and regulating the development of individual universities.This article analyzes the effects of PGC policies on Israel's universities in general and specific acts which have restricted institutional autonomy and might further limit their academic freedom. 相似文献
3.
Ming Cheng 《高等教育研究与发展》2012,31(6):785-795
Declining trust in public services has led to increasing calls for higher education to be ‘accountable’ for the quality of its teaching and learning provision. However, increasing levels of quality evaluation have led academics to feel that their professionalism is under attack. Reflecting on this history and various dimensions of accountability, this paper seeks to interpret accountability by addressing two questions: What is accountability in higher education? How can it be related to academic professionalism? The paper argues that professionalism and accountability appear to be contradictory terms, but can exist simultaneously. If academics' moral and social responsibility becomes requisite to an enhanced social accounting for the quality of university teaching and learning, there could be less perceived tension between academic professionalism and accountability. 相似文献
4.
责任与自治:美国公立高校和政府的关系 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
在美国的公立高等教育系统中 ,州政府对高等教育的效用和责任的需求 ,与高等学校对学术自由和学校自治的需要 ,导致了各种矛盾 ,使双方经常处于紧张关系之中。要平衡高校自治与政府要求履行的责任之间的关系 ,双方都必须遵守一定的原则 ,建立共同合作的伙伴关系。 相似文献
5.
Abigail Chantler 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2016,37(2):215-229
The corollary of the concept of the ‘ivory tower’, as reflected in the writings of Plato and Newman amongst others, was, paradoxically, the vital importance of the university for wider society. Nevertheless from the mid-twentieth century, the esteem in which a ‘liberal’ university education was held was diminished by rising expectations that higher education institutions would actively contribute to addressing broader socio-economic challenges through ‘knowledge-transfer’, education for employment, and community service. However while this linear conception of universities' ‘third mission’ eroded their ‘ivory tower’ status, the death knell of the ‘ivory tower’ rings in contemporary literature on higher education, which articulates a dialectical view of its historical development in which the university and wider society are synthesised in the ‘engaged university’. With its focus on reciprocal ‘knowledge-exchange’, the co-creation of knowledge through teaching and learning, and civic engagement, the ‘engaged university’ embraces the ‘other’ as intrinsic to its identity. Yet arguably the increasing instrumentalism and democratisation of higher education are irrevocably eroding the academic freedom and institutional autonomy upon which universities' immeasurable contribution to society ultimately depends. 相似文献
6.
美国大学奉行的大学自治(academic autonomy)、学术自由(academic freedom)、学术中立(academic neutrality)和社会责任(accountability)四A原则,是美国大学执掌当今世界高等教育之牛耳的重要法宝。对照这一原则,目前我国大学建设中存在着大学自治虚化、学术权力弱化和社会责任淡化现象。解决这些问题,一要深化教育体制改革,落实大学自治权;二要加强大学制度建设和文化建设,保证学术自由权;三要处理好社会问责与大学自治、学术自由的关系,做到既问责又尊重。 相似文献
7.
希腊高等教育具有政府举办、学校自治的特征。希腊宪法规定，高等教育是公立的，高校实行完全免费政策。绝大多数高等教育机构在行政体制上由国家教育与宗教事务部管理，少数由其他部委监管；同时法律赋予高等学校完全的自治权和学术自由，在学校内部运行和管理上有完善的学校制度。 相似文献
8.
希腊高等教育具有政府举办、学校自治的特征.希腊宪法规定高等教育是公立的,高校实行完全免费政策.希腊绝大多数高等教育机构在行政体制上由国家教育与宗教事务部管理,少数由其它部委监管;法律赋予高等学校完全的自治权和学术自由,在学校内部运行和管理上有完善的学校制度. 相似文献
9.
Sofia A. Villenas 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2019,32(2):151-166
This conceptual article explores education and the relational in everyday social movement. I highlight a single, local community event—a Speak Out—and travel with scholarship on public pedagogy, witnessing, and Latina feminist theories of coalition to articulate pedagogies of ‘being with’ in community activism for racial justice. My interpretive vignettes of the Speak Out are part of a larger ethnographic study focusing on a segment of a rural/small city community that moved with intention to teach and learn racial justice. While larger concrete goals were crucial and at the center of the community’s curriculum for justice, the various sites and forms of race-conscious pedagogy in public life—community forums, vigils, celebrations, mural projects—were also enactments of a profound commitment to the relational, to finding common ground in difficult solidarities. With a focus on the testimonios of three women of Color participants in the Speak Out, I show how witnessing and testimonio were at the center of pedagogies of ‘being with.’ In this work of education, the women (1) redefined community, accountability, and ally work, (2) exposed the fissures in social justice organizing across difference, describing commitment to social action with rather than for those most affected by institutional violence, and (3) affirmed the knowledge, histories, and self-determination of people of Color while challenging self-defeating stereotypes. Critical love sustained an ethics of openness to difference and facilitated the intentional work of creating race-conscious learning communities. 相似文献
10.
Mark A. Pike 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(2):133-146
In this article I synthesise and apply elements of political and reading theory to demonstrate how central themes in learners’ lives (such as freedom, faith, autonomy, equality, rationality and rights) can be read and interpreted differently. I suggest that policy and pedagogy for citizenship and democratic education informed by research into reader response can shift the locus of control not simply from state to citizen but towards an understanding of the transaction between the two. To promote ethical participation I propose changes to the ‘text’ of the curriculum and the ‘reading’ stance of learners so that learners are liberated to bring legitimate moral and religious conviction to their readings of state‐sponsored values. I conclude that young citizens are respected and freedom is protected when educational readings become more nuanced and move beyond the polarities of freedom and restraint, autonomy and heteronomy, public and private, aesthetic and efferent, faith and reason, secular and religious or even democratic and faith‐based. 相似文献
11.
世界各国的教育系统都面临着诸多平衡发展的问题,而且这些挑战在全球化的作用下变得愈加严峻。中国的情况尤其如此。各国所面临的主要挑战包括:实现公平、质量与效率的平衡;通过提供公共资源和加强监管促进私立教育的发展;实现院校自治、学术自由与公共问责的平衡;实现教育系统工具与内在目的和目标的和谐统一;学习借鉴国外优秀经验与发挥本国教育制度和传统的历史优势。在考察上述这些重要政策议题时,我们必须明确以下一些问题:教育改革要实现什么样的目标?谁发起改革以及谁从中受益? 相似文献
12.
FRANÇOIS TAVERNIER 《European Journal of Education》2004,39(4):497-505
Since 1968, according to the French higher education law, elected students must participate in the different academic boards in every university. As trustees, they must formulate opinions about the institutional policy. Moreover, they must deliberate on equal terms with teachers. According to a common discourse, this democratic activity is still considered as a nonsense because of some students’ structural weaknesses: very low turnout at the elections of their representatives, very high absenteeism rate of these miselected representatives and incapacity to formulate responsible and pragmatic proposals. This students’ uselessness in the academic participatory governance process would come from a post‐modernist air du temps: youth apathy, individualism, democratic societies’ crisis . . . In accordance with the scientific questioning about the contemporary processes of political communication, I propose an alternative set of explanations focused on the spirit and practices which rule French academic boards. I assume that the development and improvement of student participation are also limited by endogenous factors that are closely linked with the functioning of the academic boards. I propose an ethnographic analysis of a French university board. I compare the elected students’ absenteeism to the others members’ (teachers, staff members and guests) attendance rates. Then I study the cultural patterns which structure the interactions. Discursive freedom would be the sine qua non condition of academic autonomy and the structural explanation of weak student participation by teachers. 相似文献
13.
《Cambridge Journal of Education》2012,42(3):425-440
In this article I explore Amartya Sen’s contention that individual freedom represents both the objective of development and the means through which development is to take place. Examining the conceptualisation of freedom central to Sen’s capability approach, I distinguish between two notions of freedom, autonomy and agency, where the former describes the freedom derivative of institutional frameworks and the latter the capacity to induce institutional change. Drawing on the economist Douglass North’s theorisation of how institutions develop over time, I attempt to show that education can serve as a privileged institutional space in which to challenge the constraints that determine individual action. 相似文献
14.
In the present study we provide an interpretation of a general narrative of transnational governance of higher education. All the elements of the narrative – competition, ranking autonomy and accountability – are visibly present in contemporary higher education policy agenda. We examine these not as separate ideas and practices but as an interlinked whole, bringing an amount of coherence to transnational governance of higher education in Europe. All the elements, as they are currently represented in policy statements by the European higher education establishment, are premised on social atomist ontology and ideology of competition. Consequently, drawing on textual evidence we argue that the recent trend for increasing universities' institutional autonomy and accountability has been justified by reference to competitive logic, which, in turn, has been strengthened by the practice of comparative ranking. The article contributes to diagnosing potential misconceptions that frame the current higher education policy-making in Europe. 相似文献
15.
In changing times for higher education that are dominated by a neoliberal ideology, we set out to uncover how Heads of Departments (HoDs) perceive their role with respect to supporting their staff and their academic freedom. Freedom to pursue academic research is seen as key to the generation of new knowledge yet it is potentially constrained by funding regimes and university accountability systems. As HoDs operate at the interface between university systems and individual academic projects, how they perceive their role can have a profound influence on the working environment of their departmental staff. The research study is located in two successful departments in a research intensive university in England. The study shows that the HoDs were not captured by the neoliberal discourse and aimed to protect their staff so they could ‘get on with their work’. In so doing they interpreted university demands to the best advantage of their departments but were not active in challenging university driven changes, thus raising questions about the effects of accommodating to change, so risking incremental change, and of how less successful departments might be able to protect their staff and their academic freedom. 相似文献
16.
Philip Collett 《International Journal for Academic Development》2013,18(2):28-34
Abstract This paper considers the professional growth of academic developers from a South African perspective. Locating themselves within broad political, institutional, academic and student dynamics, academic developers attempt to influence interpretations of quality, professional autonomy and accountability, academic literacy and Africanization. Capacity‐building in academic development which is aligned with teaching and learning processes within institutions and supports institutional transformation and redress, is emphasized. Using an interactionist model of participation between developer and those participating in development initiatives, the authors focus on both the contestable notion of the term ‘development’ and the need for authentic engagement between academic and academic developer. 相似文献
17.
Sally Baker Rebecca Field Rachel Burke Lisa Hartley Caroline Fleay 《British Educational Research Journal》2021,47(4):836-854
There is a strong rationale for people seeking asylum and refugees given temporary protection to be key beneficiaries of Australian higher education equity practices. However, despite the extreme precarity they face, this group remains among the most educationally disadvantaged populations in Australia. Here, we use critical discourse analysis to examine the publicly available statements of 38 Australian universities to identify discursive representations of equity practices and connections, with our analytic gaze focused through the lens of people seeking asylum. Using a three-part analytic heuristic examining ‘statements’, ‘practices’ and ‘connections’, we offer a critical discourse analysis of how each public university expresses its commitment to the equity agenda in powerful stakeholder-facing documents—such as annual reports, strategic plans and media releases—and we compare this analysis against institutional stated practices with regard to people seeking asylum. In identifying misalignments between equity statements and stated practices, we suggest that institutional equity narratives articulate ‘imagined worlds’, in which all marginalised groups can access higher education. We argue that now is the time to move beyond these ‘imagined worlds’, to enact stated commitments to universal education, by instituting real and effective practices to facilitate equitable access to Australian higher education for people seeking asylum. 相似文献
18.
MARENGLEN SPIRO 《Higher Education in Europe》2003,28(3):311-313
Before Albanian universities can profit from and contribute to globalization, they must first engage themselves fully in the Bologna Process. They must, in many ways, harmonize their practices with general European practices. The guaranteeing and the strengthening of academic freedom and institutional autonomy are essential and basic actions that must be taken in Albanian universities at the very start. At the same time, it should not be forgotten that academic freedom calls for academic responsibility, and that institutional autonomy calls for financial autonomy and corresponding responsibility. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(2):179-193
A survey of student satisfaction and dissatisfaction was undertaken within an undergraduate education studies cohort at a new university in the English Midlands. The cohort included both ‘traditional’ and ‘non‐traditional’ students and represented an increasingly typical ‘widened’ community of students within higher education. This student‐ informed survey enabled expression of facets of experience which were found to be deeply satisfying or deeply dissatisfying by the cohort and which also had the potential to impact upon their academic and social integration. The cohort was asked to link facets found deeply satisfying or deeply dissatisfying to the likelihood of their retention and degree completion or the likelihood of their exit from the institution. Themes emerging were concerned with teaching and learning, debt and money worries, workload and support. Many of the facets identified fall within institutional control and can be managed in order that both ‘traditional’ and ‘non‐traditional’ students may achieve integration, maintain their personal vision and be retained. The survey methodology employed can be adapted to accommodate contextualization within other higher education institutions. It is suggested that engagement with such survey methodology represents investment in both institutional, educational and financial health. 相似文献
20.
Simon Marginson 《高等教育研究与发展》1997,16(3):359-369
In the conventional liberal view, the university is a battleground between two mutually exclusive qualities: government intervention; and academic freedom and institutional autonomy. While tensions between government and the academic domain are inherent in the modern university, the conventional view is seriously misleading. Far from being naturally “outside” government, the modern university is a product of government and serves the purposes of government, though it also has other constituencies and purposes. Conventional academic freedom is a state of regulated autonomy in which the freedom of academics in teaching and research is necessary to the discharge of their normal functions, but these functions are exercised within boundaries controlled by government and management. The installation of systems of market competition in higher education extends the terrain of this regulated autonomy, while also highlighting the problem of standardisation in the global environment. It is possible to achieve more independent forms of academic freedom though these are difficult to sustain in the present environment. Independence tends to be enhanced by solidaristic (non‐competitive) relations inside the university, and by the practice of vigorous social criticism. 相似文献