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1.
The achievement of gender equity in universities continues to warrant attention. Globally, universities have much work ahead of them if they are to redress the gender imbalance in senior positions and remuneration rates. To examine this issue, multiple sources of evidence were used to observe teaching and research workload of academic staff employed at mid-tier business faculties from two urban Australian universities which had more women employed in junior academic ranks. This article argues that although gender equity, in terms of workload, has improved, inequality, in terms of pay and status, still exists. Specifically, while workload differences between genders were largely not evident, fewer women were employed in senior ranks. These results suggest, despite policy reforms, that inequity continues to be a problem in the Australian higher education sector with implications for the recognition (and addressing) of inequity in the global higher education industry. In summary, higher education institutions, senior policy-makers and managers must be cognizant of balancing teaching workloads with opportunities and support systems for research-related activities and directing human resource efforts and promotion opportunities. 相似文献
2.
Belinda Tynan Yoni Ryan Andrea Lamont‐Mills 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2015,46(1):5-15
Over the past decade, most Australian universities have moved increasingly towards “blended” and online course delivery for both undergraduate and graduate programs. In almost all cases, elements of online teaching are part of routine teaching loads. Yet detailed and accurate workload data associated with “e‐teaching” are not readily available. A search of the international literature indicated that there is limited rigorous literature and research that points to the actual effects on workload in online and blended higher education teaching environments. This paper reports on a research project in four Australian universities, and the perceptions of a representative group of staff who perceived that e‐teaching had increased their “teaching time” workload, and that Workload Allocation Models (WAMs) did not take account of contemporary teaching modalities. 相似文献
3.
Satoshi P. Watanabe 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2011,31(4):407-420
Since the corporatization of national universities, the environment surrounding Japanese universities has dramatically changed in various respects. A series of government-led attempts have intended to support the domestic colleges and universities in gaining a competitive edge by improving the quality of teaching and research as well as guaranteeing the international validity of the country's higher education system. Impacts of all the challenges that have been tackled with internal efforts in the last few years could be enormous on the personnel workload. However, little is known about the impacts of Japan's recent university education reform, particularly on the changing workload of the faculty who engage at the forefront in student teaching and advising, administrative roles as well as research activities. Using results from individual faculty interviews, this paper attempts to link the changing workload of Japanese professors with specific reasons that are rooted in the country's recent university education reform. Reviewing the effects of the reform on faculty workload provides us with important insights for the long term and guides us to prevent the derailment from the endeavour to which a significant amount of resources have been dedicated by the country. 相似文献
4.
本文考察了1980~2020年澳大利亚高等教育研究40年的发展状况,首先简要回顾了澳大利亚高等教育的发展历史,然后基于澳大利亚高等教育联合会官方会刊《高等教育研究与发展》上发表的期刊文章,对这40年来的研究论文进行了系统地分析,旨在说明澳大利亚高等教育研究的变化和发展轨迹。分析表明,2000年以后,研究主题变得更加多元化,包括宏观政策层面的讨论以及微观教学改革方面的探讨;研究来源也更加国际化,从澳大利亚本土研究逐步涵盖了来自世界不同国家的研究;女性学者发文量多于男性研究人员;在研究方法上以质性研究占主导地位,大多数研究将各种理论概念结合作为文章的分析框架,许多研究没有采用理论工具并且很少研究是基于单一理论的。最后,本文讨论了在COVID-19大流行及以后期间澳大利亚高等教育研究的潜在方向。 相似文献
5.
An online survey of workload activities was circulated to academics across Australia seeking estimates for the time to undertake a range of academic-related tasks associated with teaching, research and service. This article summarises the most important findings from the teaching data of the 2059 respondents. This detail of workload data has not been reported before across the Australian university sector. The findings showing that most academics work more than 50 h per week are consistent with previous studies. Although the estimates of the individuals varied greatly, statistical inquiry indicated the median time required does not vary by experience and online teaching generally requires more preparation time than on-campus teaching. The paper proposes this methodology as a credible means to derive realistic time-based standards for other aspects of academic work and will assist university managers by providing an external benchmark upon which to develop local academic workload models. 相似文献
6.
Susan R. Hemer 《高等教育研究与发展》2014,33(3):483-495
University workloads, their impact on staff and how they can be managed, are the subject of considerable research and discussion. This paper addresses strategies to deal with the impact of workloads on teaching practices in higher education. In particular, it aims to discover the implicit theories and tacit assumptions that underlie perceptions of what constitutes quality teaching in the social sciences. Using an ethnographic approach, the research revealed that the strategies used by staff are linked to how they identify themselves: as researchers or ‘good’ teachers, and highlights a mismatch between the value academics place on quality teaching and what is rewarded by universities. The paper illustrates that strategies rely on assumptions about the nature of time, and the links between time and quality. Academics have little opportunity for critical reflection on teaching practices in order to be responsive to the changing contexts of higher education. 相似文献
7.
20世纪澳大利亚职业与技术教育的改革深受终身学习与终身教育理念的影响,确立了特征鲜明的职业教育与培训的体制、机制以及教学培训的模式和评估标准。职业教育国家框架的建立明确了澳大利亚职业教育与培训与初等教育、中等教育以及高等教育的衔接关系。澳大利亚职业与技术教育的改革经验对我国发展职业教育、构筑终身教育体系具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
8.
近年来,在学生规模扩大、教育问责强化、财政资助缩减等压力之下,加拿大安大略省将引入教学轨教职作为提高教育质量的重要改革举措。与传统的终身轨教师相比,教学轨教师主要从事教学和学习活动,与兼职或临时讲师相比,教学轨教师对教学和学生的投入更多,与学校的聘任关系更加稳定。作为与终身轨教职平行的职业发展轨道,教学轨教职的评价标准主要侧重考察教师在教学技能、教学计划与课程发展、教学领导与成就等领域的贡献。教学轨教职的引入对大学而言是一次机会,可以重新审视教学与研究之间的关系,探索教学使命和研究使命如何相互促进。在当前的教师岗位分类改革中,我国高校可从教学模式和课程体系、聘任与晋升评价体系、晋升与岗位转换通道、教学荣誉体系等方面提高教学为主型教职的认可度,促进教学为主型教师队伍的职业发展。 相似文献
9.
《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(5):643-674
This article presents findings arising from the first UK application of a revised 70-item lecturer self-efficacy questionnaire recently developed for use in the Australian higher education context. Intended to probe and systematically measure confidence in the core functions of research, teaching and other academic or service-related activities among lecturers, the institutional case-study presented here suggests that this instrument has considerable diagnostic potential for leaders, managers and administrators wishing to explore operational aspects of policy, evaluate strategy and initiate professional dialogue at a variety of levels. Its indicated value as a diagnostic tool suggests a relevance not only to higher but also to further education, where degree-level provision is established and likely to increase. Following an earlier rigorous reassessment and re-evaluation of the questionnaire’s validity and reliability, including a robust statistical analysis of its associated scales and subscales, findings indicate that respondents felt most confident across all aspects of teaching – the core function which also occupied most of their time. Perhaps surprisingly for the institution involved in the case study, research – which occupied the least amount of time – generally displayed the most pronounced confidence hierarchy, from activities attached to data collection and analysis to leading funded research projects. Outcomes for other academic or service-related activities were generally mixed, but confidence attached to internal academic events was higher than that linked to external ones. Taken together, the findings, including the effects of career stage, qualifications, gender, research output and workload distribution, were considered sufficient to initiate an appropriate strategic response directed towards transformational change. The limitations of the questionnaire are considered in detail. 相似文献
10.
高静川 《海南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2011,24(2):152-155
文章立足于海南师范大学的教学实践,在借鉴TQM（全面质量管理）理念的基础上,按照我国高等教育的规律,找出影响教学质量的关键因素和学校人才培养目标的关键环节,构建全员参与、全程监控、质量持续改善的高校内部教学质量监控保障体系。为促成教学改革,树立质量意识,提高教学质量提供有力保障,使教学质量监控保障体系制度化、规范化、正常化。 相似文献
11.
美国大学教师工作量浅析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
美国大学教师工作量问题的历史及其相关研究数据,显示大学教师工作量的构成包括教学、科研和服务三个部分。美国高等教育不同发展时期对此问题的不同认识和讨论,对于深刻认识大学教师的工作,科学合理地制定大学教师工作量及其评价标准,具有借鉴意义 相似文献
12.
Although the use of microcomputers and their associated software programmes has the potential to help faculty work more efficiently, their use is not yet as widespread as it might be and many faculty members are still unaware of how they might use computers both to facilitate their own research and report writing and as an adjunct to their teaching. Efforts to encourage greater usage of computers which emphasise the acquisition of appropriate skills only, in many instances appear to have limited long-term effectiveness. A multi-dimensional model for the promotion of educational change has been developed and tested in a stafl development programme to promote the awareness and use of computers to assist faculty at a large Australian institute of technology. The beginnings of the model and the programme are described together with the results of an initial post-programme survey. These represent the preliminaly findings of a longitudinal study of effective models for the promotion of educational innovation in higher education. The initial results suggest implications both for the teaching of computer awareness and for the building of an effective theory of innovative change in higher education [1]. 相似文献
13.
Australian social scientists and transition to a more commercial university environment 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Grant Harman 《高等教育研究与发展》2005,24(1):79-94
Australian social scientists generally are highly critical of Commonwealth Government higher education policy and funding levels, and the new commercial, entrepreneurial and managerial university environment. They are frustrated with increased workloads, higher degrees of regulation and reporting requirements, incompetence of university management and often deteriorating social relations within academic departments. At the same time, many social scientists have proved to be remarkably adaptable, showing high degrees of interest in and commitment to their teaching and research, impressive levels of research productivity and substantial involvement in providing policy advice to government and in commercial activities, including recruiting fee‐paying domestic and international students, consultancies and attracting external research funds. Many work effectively with colleagues or in research teams, and often publish jointly with colleagues from their own and other institutions. Despite strong research links with government agencies, respondents report that their research is primarily driven by intrinsic interest and to generate inputs to teaching, rather than by utilitarian motives. 相似文献
14.
Min Hong 《Higher Education》2018,76(4):717-733
There are several common trends and challenges in the higher education (HE) system around the world, like expansion and diversification of HE, fiscal pressure and orientation to markets, demand for greater accountability and great quality and efficiency (e.g. The financing and management of higher education: a status report on worldwide reforms, 1998; Internationalisation of higher education and global mobility 43-58, 2014; Global policy and policy-making in education, 2014; Higher Education Policy 21:5-27, 2008). These trends and changes have reshaped university governance as well. Public universities are the main institutions to carry out HE in Australia and China. The engagement between Australia and China in HE sector has become closer and closer in recent years. To conduct better and further cooperation and collaboration between Australian and Chinese universities, it is critical to understand and acknowledge the differences in two nations’ university governance. Moreover, by conducting this comparative study of two nations, it also helps us to figure out the changes in university governance over times under the global trends and the interactions between global and local factors. This comparative study focuses on the university level and attempts to identify the differences of university governance in Australian and Chinese public universities in three dimensions, state-university relation, university internal governance and university finance. This paper sketches the university governance in Australia and China and finds that the relationship between government and university is looser in Australia than that in China and Australian universities enjoy more autonomy and power than Chinese universities; as to university internal governance, Australian universities use a more business-oriented management mechanism; funding associated with full-fee paying international students has become very important for Australian HE while Chinese government funding has been decreasing as well but funds from international students play a minimal financial role. 相似文献
15.
The internationalisation of higher education in Australia over the past two decades has brought about dramatic changes in Australian universities. Growing numbers of international students have enrolled in Australian universities and the number of students studying offshore has also increased dramatically. While considerable material has been published on the ramifications of the increased numbers of onshore international students studying at Australian universities, there is relatively little published research on the specific challenges facing academics participating in offshore programs. The aim of this project was to examine the current pre-departure cross-cultural training taking place in the business faculties of three Australian universities in order to gain a better understanding of the adequacy of the support given to Australian academics teaching offshore. Twenty staff involved in offshore education were interviewed as part of this project, including academics with considerable offshore teaching experience, senior academic managers and cross-cultural trainers. While these institutions engage in little formal preparation for offshore teaching, a great deal of informal mentoring and briefing is taking place. We consider the implications of the new quality assurance framework for Australian universities, which requires that institutions be able to demonstrate the ways in which they ensure the quality of teaching and learning. Under this new system, universities are bound by the Australian Vice Chancellors' Committee's guidelines for the provision of education to international students. It appears that Australian universities will need to establish more formal mechanisms to ensure that offshore staff are adequately prepared for offshore teaching posts. 相似文献
16.
现代教育技术的应用引起中国远程教育的深入改革,使教学模式发生重要变化,以学生为中心的观念逐渐成为教学指导思想;教学目标注重培养学生的综合应用能力和自主学习能力;多种教学媒体的优化组合有利于教学效果的提高;教学组织形式、教学方式同时发生了变革,形成远程教学与面授教学并存互补的局面;个性化学习逐渐成为学生的主要学习方式;支持服务系统为远程教学的成功提供了有力保障. 相似文献
17.
This paper reports views of academic staff from five Australian institutions of higher education on a number of issues relating to teaching and research and changes affecting their work since the introduction of the unified national system. While most academics are satisfied with their jobs, staff morale is given a low rating. Academics cite a number of limitations experienced in carrying out their research and teaching. The academic work week is just under 50 hours, but there are clear differences between the established and newer universities in the apportioning of time to research and teaching related activities. This pattern is repeated in the publication record, grant success and perceived pressure to upgrade professional qualifications. The data suggest that the newer universities feel under pressure to emulate the structure and organisation of the traditional “elite” universities rather than seeking a legitimate niche for their particular type of operations within the unified national system. This means that for some years they will find considerable difficulty competing with traditional universities using the standard measures of research performance. 相似文献
18.
Michael Jackson 《高等教育研究与发展》1997,16(1):101-109
This article brings together several themes in research on learning in higher education from the perspective of a classroom teacher. The aim is, on the one hand, to show how research translates into classroom practice and, on the other, to enthuse teachers to consult that research literature and make their own translations. These remarks originally focussed on using the results of the Course Experience Questionnaire administered to students graduating from Australian universities, but the lens has been widened here. After distinguishing teaching from learning, the article concentrates on five themes in good teaching. They concern choice, self‐evaluation, variety, workload and feedback. This article makes recommendations about evaluation, in which the Course Experience Questionnaire has a place. It descends from the abstractions of evaluation to offer observations on good teachers as individuals and closes with a perspective on the movement to enhance teaching in universities. 相似文献
19.
John Kenny 《Higher Education》2018,75(2):365-380
Neo-liberal reforms in higher education have resulted in corporate managerial practices in universities and a drive for efficiency and productivity in teaching and research. As a result, there has been an intensification of academic work, increased stress for academics and an emphasis on accountability and performativity in universities. The paper proposes that while managerialism in modern universities is now the norm, corporate approaches have disempowered academics in their institutions and reduced productivity because they ignore the nature of academic work. Using Foucault’s conception of power relations in institutions, policies that directly affect academic work such as workload allocation and performance management are identified as key ways in which power is exercised in universities. The paper reports on a case study in one university which explored the relationship between the academic workload allocation and performance management policies and concludes that a more balanced power relationship is needed in which academics can have more influence over these key processes which control their work so they preserve the self-managed aspects of academic work and the intrinsic motivations driving their careers. 相似文献
20.
T大学是S省的一所省属重点综合性大学,该校在近年开展了以调整校院两级管理方式为核心的改革,其主要目的是给予院系更大的自主性以调动院系的积极性。这次改革将两级管理的改革与岗位聘任结合在一起,改革的主要内容都涉及师资问题,如院系教师合适的数量,教师工作量核算以及教师职称晋升标准等。案例描述了这次改革的背景、改革的相关内容,重点探讨了管理改革过程中围绕着大学中学校与院系、教学与科研、学术与行政之间的关系展开的博弈过程及相关方的权力地位的变化情况。 相似文献