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1.
In this column, the author summarizes four research studies relevant to normal birth. The topics of the studies include the clinical and behavioral benefits of skin-to-skin contact after birth; the effect of a group model of prenatal care on preterm birth risk and breastfeeding success; the harmful effects of a brief interval of electronic fetal monitoring at hospital admission; and barriers to access to midwifery care.  相似文献   

2.
In this column, the author summarizes four research studies that further support the benefits of normal birth. The topics of the studies address the positive influence of vaginal birth and breastfeeding on newborns' immune systems; perineal management techniques that may reduce genital tract trauma at birth; predictive factors of the cesarean-surgery rate among low-risk, nulliparous women; and the important role of breastfeeding in alleviating pain among newborns undergoing painful procedures.  相似文献   

3.
In this column, the author presents summaries of four research studies that further support the benefits of normal birth. The topics of the studies address midwifery care practices, labor induction and increased medical costs, vaginal birth after cesarean, and labor support from student nurse-doulas.  相似文献   

4.
Issues surrounding cesarean birth are of interest to researchers from varied disciplines and nations. In this column, three studies that examine aspects of cesarean birth are reviewed. One study presented a review of 11 studies and found differences in the perceptions of white and minority mothers toward labor, vaginal birth, and cesarean birth. In a second study on infant outcomes, Japanese researchers found differences in transient tachypnea in infants born in the first half of the 37th week gestation and those born in the second half of the 37th week and the 38th week of gestation. In a third study conducted in Norway, researchers found more complications when cesarean birth occurred at advanced dilation. The three studies' implications for childbirth educators are discussed.  相似文献   

5.
In this column, the author summarizes four research studies that contribute to the body of literature on the benefits and physiology of normal childbirth. The topics of the studies include the effect of digital rotation of the baby in occipito-posterior position on position at birth and birth outcomes; temperature disturbances during skin-to-skin contact among babies exposed to epidural analgesia and exogenous oxytocin during labor; the prevalence of and motivations for "maternal request" cesarean surgery; and the benefits of delayed clamping of the umbilical cord after birth.  相似文献   

6.
Research studies conducted recently in hospitals located in Switzerland and Canada reveal the importance of birth philosophies in attaining successful birth practices and outcomes.  相似文献   

7.
In this column, the author presents summaries of four research studies that further support the benefits of normal birth. The topics of the studies address the downsides of routine episiotomy, the link of epidural analgesia to an increased risk of occiput-posterior babies, the relationship between normal birth and successful breastfeeding, and results from the first national survey of doulas.  相似文献   

8.
In this column, the authors summarize four research studies that further support the benefits of normal birth. The topics of the studies include the association of cesarean birth with an increased risk of neonatal death; the use of acupuncture and self-hypnosis as effective pain-management strategies; factors associated with amniotic-fluid embolism; and the positive influence of continuous support by lay doulas on obstetric outcomes for low-income women.  相似文献   

9.
Under appropriate circumstances, intervention in labor and birth can be valuable, even lifesaving. But interventions can also become routine procedures. This paper reviews three recent studies in which the focus of research is common interventions: electronic fetal monitoring and epidural anesthesia. A fourth study reviewed here examines the effect of previous vaginal birth and fetal weight on the success of vaginal birth after cesarean.  相似文献   

10.
In this column, the authors summarize four research studies relevant to normal birth. Topics of the studies summarized include the harms of screening for macrosomia late in pregnancy, the risk factors for and impact of postpartum pain in childbearing women, the effects of a breastfeeding approach called “biological nurturing” on reflexive behavior in newborns, and the effects of prenatal yoga on labor and birth outcomes.  相似文献   

11.
Although it remains rare in the United States, planned home birth has drawn increasing attention and criticism in the mainstream media and has come under attack from organized medicine. Yet, recent peer-reviewed studies contribute to the evidence base supporting home birth as a safe option for low-risk women attended by skilled midwives. The author of this editorial argues that home birth is an important cultural touchstone in the landscape of American maternity care.  相似文献   

12.
A doula and expectant mother's view of birth is forever changed when she sees a midwife simply place a newly born child below her mother at the moment of birth. The pause that the mother experiences in this moment as she studies, touches, and claims her child prompts the author to reflect in this guest editorial on ways we might be disturbing the natural sequence of birth as we deliver babies directly to their mothers' chests.  相似文献   

13.
《清人别集总目》在版本源流的考订方面成就斐然 ,但是在作者事迹 ,尤其是作者的生卒年岁考订方面则颇多可商之处。经核检有关别集内的作者自述 ,以及对相关材料进行仔细推敲后 ,知《总目》对三多、王敬之、朱为弼、李宣龚、李联 、李慈铭、汪远孙、施建烈、顾莲、章黼、蒋志凝等人之生卒年的考订或谬误 ,或欠确 ,而其未知之王友光、叶大庄、叶英华、吕廷辉、汤宝荣、杨绍炯、陈来泰、金震、单学傅等人的生年实可确考 ,李刚己、郑德璜、范锴、曹文昭、彭俞、谢应芝等人的生卒年均可确考。  相似文献   

14.
In this column, the author summarizes research studies relevant to normal birth. The studies summarized include a large trial evaluating the effect of prior vaginal births after a cesarean on outcomes in subsequent births; a study linking umbilical cord blood pH with intellectual outcomes in childhood; and a prospective trial evaluating the effect of routine antenatal nonstress testing on maternal anxiety. The author also highlights four articles about normal birth in a recent nursing journal series dedicated to the topic.  相似文献   

15.
Findings from recent Canadian studies on the knowledge and beliefs about birth practices among first-time pregnant women and among obstetricians and other birth providers indicate that many women are inadequately informed and many providers deliver non-evidence-based maternity care. Consequently, informed decision making is problematic for pregnant women and their providers. New strategies are needed to inform pregnant women about key procedures and approaches that might be used in birth so they can have an educated, shared discussion with their provider and successfully advocate for their preferred birth experience. In addition, providers can be encouraged to supplement their knowledge with current, evidence-based maternity care practices. To avoid a lack of informed decision making and to ensure that natural, safe, and healthy birth practices are based on current evidence, pregnant women and providers must work together to inform themselves and to add childbirth to the women's health agenda.  相似文献   

16.
Few studies have compared perinatal outcomes between individual prenatal care and group prenatal care. A critical review of research articles that were published between 1998 and 2009 and involved participants of individual and group prenatal care was conducted. Two middle range theories, Pender’s health promotion model and Swanson’s theory of caring, were blended to enhance conceptualization of the relationship between pregnant women and the group prenatal care model. Among the 17 research studies that met inclusion criteria for this critical review, five examined gestational age and birth weight with researchers reporting longer gestations and higher birth weights in infants born to mothers participating in group prenatal care, especially in the preterm birth population. Current evidence demonstrates that nurse educators and leaders should promote group prenatal care as a potential method of improving perinatal outcomes within the pregnant population.  相似文献   

17.
The number of hospitals globally that offer water birth has increased exponentially during the past 10 years. This article examines some of the reasons for this increase as well as the objections to water birth by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, raised in their 2014 and 2016 opinion statements. The amount of research has also increased as more hospitals are keeping track of their data and publishing both prospective studies and retrospective analyses. The effects of water birth on the neonate are discussed through three meta-analyses from 2015, 2016, and 2018. The challenges and recommendations on continuing the use of water during labor and birth as a nonpharmacologic comfort measure even during a global pandemic are highlighted and supported by the best available evidence.  相似文献   

18.
Two complementary studies focused on stability of infant temperament across the 1st year and considered infant age, gender, birth order, term status, and socioeconomic status (SES) as moderators. Study 1 consisted of 73 mothers of firstborn term girls and boys queried at 2, 5, and 13 months of age. Study 2 consisted of 335 mothers of infants of different gender, birth order, term status, and SES queried at 6 and 12 months. Consistent positive and negative affectivity factors emerged at all time points across both studies. Infant temperament proved stable and robust across gender, birth order, term status, and SES. Stability coefficients for temperament factors and scales were medium to large for shorter (< 9 months) interassessment intervals and small to medium for longer (> 10 months) intervals.  相似文献   

19.
Several studies have reported significant relationships between children’s season of birth and measures of their academic success (i.e., the ‘season of birth effect’). Whereas most of these studies were cross‐sectional, the current study uses growth curve modelling to analyse longitudinal data on 3,187 children in Flemish primary education. The results indicate season of birth effects on both grade retention and mathematics achievement during the first two years of primary school. Because the Flemish cut‐off date is 31 December, children born in the fourth quarter (October‐November‐December) invariably are among the youngest in their grade age group. Almost 20% of these children were found to have been retained or referred to special education by the end of Grade 2, whereas for children born in the first quarter (January‐February‐March), this was only 6.34%. First quarter‐born children also showed moderately higher mathematics achievement at the start of first grade. During the next two school years, this achievement gap between children born in the first and the fourth quarter narrowed significantly. Finally, differentiated instruction was not found to be related to the decrease of the season of birth effect.  相似文献   

20.
心理学与哲学的关系问题是心理学发展史上一个重要的问题，两者的关系随时代的发展在不断地变化．在心理学诞生之前，心理学包含在哲学之中，是哲学研究的组成部分．在心理学诞生之后，一直受到各种哲学思想的影响，同时心理学也以它丰硕的研究成果和独特的学术智慧给哲学提供理论养分和方法论的借鉴．  相似文献   

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