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1.
对忍冬上一种新病害进行了病原鉴定,系统描述了其症状表现.并对病原物的生物学特性进行了研究.该病菌生长的最适温度为25℃左右;孢子产生的最适温度为30℃;分生孢子萌发的适温范围为25～30℃.病菌在pH值2～12范围内均能生长,其中以pH6～9生长较好;孢子萌发的pH值范围为5～10,以pH9为最适.光照对菌丝生长的影响不显著,但对产孢影响较大.而紫外线对孢子有明显杀伤作用. 相似文献
2.
目的:筛选出对辣椒疫霉菌具有高效拮抗作用的木霉生防菌株,研究其对辣椒菌菌丝体和卵孢子的作用机制,评价其应用于辣椒疫病的生防潜力。创新点:首次在超微结构水平上报道棘孢木霉菌菌丝能重寄生于辣椒疫霉菌的卵孢子,为木霉生防菌的应用提供了科学理论依据。方法:从土壤中分离木霉菌株,采用对峙培养法筛选木霉生防菌株。通过形态学和多基因序列(ITS、tef1和rpb2)进行鉴定,明确获得木霉菌株的种类。通过细胞学和超微结构观察,研究木霉生防菌对辣椒疫霉菌菌丝和卵孢子的拮抗机制。结论:本研究筛选出了对辣椒疫霉菌菌丝具有高效拮抗作用的一个木霉菌株(CGMCC 6422),被鉴定为棘孢木霉菌(Trichoderma asperellum)。细胞学和超微结构显示,该菌株能塌陷辣椒疫霉菌的菌落,通过缠绕和穿透辣椒疫霉菌的菌丝体,引起菌丝体解体;首次观察到该菌株能侵染辣椒疫霉菌的卵孢子,并引起卵孢子完全降解。综上所述,筛选出的木霉生防菌株CGMCC 6422具有应用于防治辣椒疫病的生防潜力。 相似文献
3.
万华涛 《湖北广播电视大学学报》2007,27(10):157-158
在固体培养基上测定不同的碳氮源、微量元素、生长因子(维生素)、pH值及温度对HDF.01的菌丝生长及产孢量的影响。结果表明:pH值7.0,温度28℃最适合HDF.01的生长。培养基中以玉米粉为碳源,酵母粉为氮源,加入微量元素Mn及维生素B6,HDF.01的产孢量最高。培养基中以蔗糖为碳源,酵母粉为氮源,加入微量元素Mn及维生素B,时HDF.01的菌丝生长最好。 相似文献
4.
在固体培养基上测定不同的碳氮源、微量元素、生长因子(维生素)、pH值及温度对HDF·01的菌丝生长及产孢量的影响。结果表明:pH值7.0,温度28℃最适合HDF·01的生长。培养基中以玉米粉为碳源,酵母粉为氮源,加入微量元素Mn及维生素B6,HDF·01的产孢量最高。培养基中以蔗糖为碳源,酵母粉为氮源,加入微量元素Mn及维生素B1,HDF·01的菌丝生长最好。 相似文献
5.
研究氮源、碳源、温度、pH、光照条件和基质含水量对北冬虫夏草菌丝体生长的影响．结果表明：北冬虫夏草菌丝生长最适氮源为蛋白胨和柠檬酸铵;最适碳源为葡萄糖和蔗糖;最适温度为20-25℃;最适pH为6～7最适基质含水量为80％暗培养对菌丝体生长有明显的促进作用． 相似文献
6.
测定了9种化学药剂在田间常规浓度下对球孢白僵菌孢子萌发、菌丝生长以及产孢量的影响.结果表明,杀虫剂与球孢自僵菌的相容性好于杀菌剂.杀虫剂除尽、康夫、甲维盐、铁沙掌对白僵菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的抑制小,混用时孢子萌发抑制率均小于43%,对菌丝生长抑制率分别为-1.79%、11.11%、17.73%、26.57%,且产孢量均高于对照,因此与白僵菌相容性较好.杀菌剂美生、甲霜灵、新霜疫克、百菌清及杀虫剂强棒对白僵菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的抑制作用大,产孢量低,因此与白僵菌相容性较差. 相似文献
7.
研究河南省小麦茎基腐病的病原,并筛选对该病原菌具有较高活性的杀菌剂,对进一步认识该病害及指导该病害的化学防治具有重要的意义.采用形态学及rDNA-ITS通用引物PCR扩增的分子检测方法对病原物进行鉴定,并进一步采用室内生长速率法测定了该病原菌对13种杀菌剂的毒力.形态学及rDNA-ITS分子鉴定的结果表明该病害的病原为... 相似文献
8.
在不同的酸碱度、光环境和营养等条件下对粉红聚端孢菌的菌落形态和孢子大小进行了研究．结果表明：该菌在不同条件下培养后,菌落颜色、形态以及分生孢子的大小有一定差异,病原菌分生孢子长圆形或洋梨形,无色或半透明,孢基偏乳头突起,双细胞,隔膜处略缢缩;在pH近中性及光照条件下,分生孢子大型化现象最显著;该菌能利用所有供试碳源,孢子大型化的最适碳源为木糖醇,在可溶性淀粉培养基上产生的孢子最小;在供试氮源中。孢子大型化最适氮源为甘氨酸,在L-胱氨酸、尿素、氯化铵培养基上不产孢子． 相似文献
9.
探讨了氨基酸和维生素对白僵菌苗丝生长及分生孢子形成的影响.L-苯丙氨酸最有利于液生分生孢子形成,产孢量为3.9145×109个/L;L-脯氨酸可明显促进白僵菌菌丝生长,生物量为5.51g/L.一定浓度的维生素可抑制菌丝生长,但能不同程度地刺激白僵菌孢子生成.复合维生素B对菌丝生长抑制作用较明显.单一维生素刺激孢子生成最适浓度均在15μg/L左右,复合维生素B对白僵菌产孢促进作用最大,其最适浓度为60μg/L. 相似文献
10.
11.
不同覆盖方式对土壤环境及辣椒生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以辣椒为试材,研究不同覆盖方式对土壤环境及辣椒生长的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,地膜和稻壳覆盖处理的土壤保持较高的温度和含水量,从而良好的土壤环境提高了辣椒硝酸还原酶活性和根系活力,促进了根系的生长;同时稻壳和地膜覆盖还促进了辣椒幼苗地上部的生长,表现在株高、茎粗的快速生长,叶绿素含量增高;提高辣椒的早期产量,稻壳处理的辣椒早期产量为对照处理的3.00倍,与地膜处理的差异不显著。总之,稻壳覆盖可以达到地膜覆盖的效果。 相似文献
12.
Heng Jiang Liang Zhang Jing-ze Zhang Mohammad Reza Ojaghian Kevin D. Hyde 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2016,17(4):271-281
Phytophthora capsici is a phytopathogen that causes a destructive pepper blight that is extremely difficult to control. Using a fungicide application against the disease is costly and relatively ineffective and there is also a huge environmental concern about the use of such chemicals. The genus Trichoderma has been known to have a potential biocontrol issue. In this paper we investigate the mechanism for causing the infection of T. asperellum against P. capsici. Trichoderma sp. (isolate CGMCC 6422) was developed to have a strong antagonistic action against hyphae of P. capsici through screening tests. The strain was identified as T. asperellum through using a combination of morphological characteristics and molecular data. T. asperellum was able to collapse the mycelium of the colonies of the pathogen through dual culture tests by breaking down the pathogenic hyphae into fragments. The scanning electron microscope showed that the hyphae of T. asperellum surrounded and penetrated the pathogens hyphae, resulting in hyphal collapse. The results show that seven days after inoculation, the hyphae of the pathogen were completely degraded in a dual culture. T. asperellum was also able to enter the P. capsici oospores through using oogonia and then developed hyphae and produced conidia, leading to the disintegration of the oogonia and oospores. Seven days after inoculation, an average 10.8% of the oospores were infected, but at this stage, the structures of oospores were still intact. Subsequently, the number of infected oospores increased and the oospores started to collapse. Forty-two days after inoculation, almost all the oospores were infected, with 9.3% of the structures of the oospores being intact and 90.7% of the oospores having collapsed. 相似文献
13.
Po Po THAN Haryudian PRIHASTUTI Sitthisack PHOULIVONG Paul W.J. TAYLOR Kevin D. HYDE 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2008,9(10)
Anthracnose disease is one of the major economic constraints to chilli production worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Accurate taxonomic information is necessary for effective disease control management. In the Colletotrichum patho-system, different Colletotrichum species can be associated with anthracnose of the same host. Little information is known concerning the interactions of the species associated with the chilli anthracnose although several Colletotrichum species have been reported as causal agents of chilli anthracnose disease worldwide. The ambiguous taxonomic status of Colletotrichum species has resulted in inaccurate identification which may cause practical problems in plant breeding and disease management. Although the management and control of anthracnose disease are still being extensively researched, commercial eultivars of Capsicum annuum that are resistant to the pathogens that cause chilli anthracnose have not yet been developed. This paper reviews the causal agents of chilli anthracnose, the disease cycle, conventional methods in identification of the pathogen and molecular approaches that have been used for the identification of Colletotrichum species. Pathogenetic variation and population structure of the causal agents of chilli anthracnose along with the current taxonomic status of Colletotrichum species are discussed. Future developments leading to the disease management strategies are suggested. 相似文献
14.
Than PP Prihastuti H Phoulivong S Taylor PW Hyde KD 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2008,9(10):764-778
Anthracnose disease is one of the major economic constraints to chilli production worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical
regions. Accurate taxonomic information is necessary for effective disease control management. In the Colletotrichum patho-system, different Colletotrichum species can be associated with anthracnose of the same host. Little information is known concerning the interactions of the
species associated with the chilli anthracnose although several Colletotrichum species have been reported as causal agents of chilli anthracnose disease worldwide. The ambiguous taxonomic status of Colletotrichum species has resulted in inaccurate identification which may cause practical problems in plant breeding and disease management.
Although the management and control of anthracnose disease are still being extensively researched, commercial cultivars of
Capsicum annuum that are resistant to the pathogens that cause chilli anthracnose have not yet been developed. This paper reviews the causal
agents of chilli anthracnose, the disease cycle, conventional methods in identification of the pathogen and molecular approaches
that have been used for the identification of Colletotrichum species. Pathogenetic variation and population structure of the causal agents of chilli anthracnose along with the current
taxonomic status of Colletotrichum species are discussed. Future developments leading to the disease management strategies are suggested.
相似文献
15.
采用含琼脂的丰固体培养基来培养松乳菇菌丝,优化了半固体培养基碳源和氮源以及培养温度,并将含同样营养成分的液体培养、固体培养和半固体培养进行了比较,试验结果表明,松乳菇菌丝采用半固体培养时,0.5％蔗糖与1.5％淀粉的组合碳源培养菌丝生长速度最快,蛋白胨是最理想的氮源物质,25℃是松乳菇菌丝的最适培养温度.3种不同培养基培养结果是半固体培养基菌丝生长速度明显超过了其他2种培养基,且菌丝颜色可以由纯白色转变为棕黄色,同时出现部分菌丝相互靠近集中生长的现象,此现象类似子实体原基的形成.松乳菇菌丝半固体培养方法为人工栽培松乳菇提供了新的思路. 相似文献
16.
以盆栽辣椒为试验材料,用不同浓度的外源Cd处理土壤,观察记录辣椒的生长变化同时监测辣椒根、茎、叶、果实对Cd的累积吸收量;通过线性方程确定安全种植辣椒的Cd污染土壤的阈值.结果表明,随着土壤中添加的外源Cd量的增加,辣椒的长势明显变差,产量均小于对照,辣椒的根、叶、果实对Cd的吸收随着外源Cd量的增大而呈上升趋势,Cd在根内的积累大于在茎、叶、果实中的积累.当外源Cd质量浓度达到1.0 mg· kg^-1时,辣椒中的Cd含量可达到0.069 mg·kg^-1,超出GB2762-2005食品中污染物限量.该论文的工作为建立更加完善的绿色辣椒生产提供参考. 相似文献
17.
INTRODUCTION Plants have defense mechanisms against patho-gen infection by inducing systemic resistance in re-sponse to localized pretreatment with biological cotrol agents, thus making them resistant to subsequpathogen infection (Caruso et al., 1999; Hammschmidt, 1999; Mohammadi and Kazemi, 2002; yada et al., 1995; Pozo et al., 2002; Ray et al., 199Biological control of plant pathogens has receivmuch more attention. It is well known that plants amicroorganisms symbiosis is a defense m… 相似文献
18.
几种食用真菌对甘蔗渣利用的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用液体摇床发酵和固体平板培养技术,以甘蔗渣为唯一碳源,研究灵芝、大球盖菇、金针菇、柱状田头菇四种食用真菌对甘蔗渣的利用情况.测定在四种不同甘蔗渣含量的培养基中各食用真菌所产羧甲基纤维素酶活力和菌丝干重,同时测定了四种茵在平板上的菌丝生长速度.结果表明,灵芝在35g/L液体培养基中所产羧甲基纤维素酶活力最高达831U,所生长茵丝最重达1.162g.固体培养时,金针菇在30g/L生长速度最快达15mm/d. 相似文献
19.
为明确脐橙炭疽病的病原,本研究调查江西赣南地区的脐橙园炭疽病流行情况,采集病症突出的叶片和果实,在实验室进行分离鉴定得致病菌纯培养.对其进行形态学和菌落特征鉴定,测定其生物学特性和生理生化特性.试验结果表明脐橙炭疽病为胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum.gloeosporioides(penz.)sacc.在PDA上,菌丝生长和孢子萌发的适温为23℃-28℃.最适pH为6.0.能利用多种碳源和氮源,其中葡萄糖是最佳碳源,硝酸钾是最佳氮源. 相似文献
20.
Young Soo Kim Kotnala Balaraju Yongho Jeon 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2016,17(12):931-940
In this study, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were evaluated as potential biocontrol agents against postharvest pathogens of apple fruits. In vitro bioassays revealed that, out of 30 isolates screened, isolates APEC136 and APEC170 had the most significant inhibitory effects against the mycelial growth of several fungal pathogens. Analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences identified the two effective isolates as Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. The two strains showed greater growth in brain-heart infusion broth than in other growth media. Treatment of harvested apples with suspensions of either strain reduced the symptoms of anthracnose disease caused by two fungal pathogens, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum, and white rot disease caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Increased productions of amylase and protease by APEC136, and increased productions of chitinase, amylase, and protease by APEC170 might have been responsible for inhibiting mycelial growth. The isolates caused a greater reduction in the growth of white rot than of anthracnose. These results indicate that the isolates APEC136 and APEC170 are promising agents for the biocontrol of anthracnose and white rot diseases in apples after harvest, and suggest that these isolates may be useful in controlling these diseases under field conditions. 相似文献