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1.
The relationship between writers’ perceptions and their performance on a field-specific writing test
《Assessing Writing》2008,13(2):93-110
Writing performance is greatly affected by task-related elements such as topic familiarity, difficulty, task-type, and subject matter of the prompt, which are perceived differently by each individual writer. Yet, little has been reported on the direct relationship between writers’ perceptions of a prompt and their actual performance on the prompt. The present study explored possible associations between students’ perceptions of a writing prompt and their actual writing performance on a field-specific (FS) English for academic purposes (EAP) writing test, compared to those on a general-topic test. Each of the 124 students produced two writing samples, one on an assigned regular topic and the other on one chosen from the four FS prompts. The writers also responded to a survey of their perceptions of the FS prompts and the FS test in general. The subjects’ performances on the two tests were compared across the four prompt subgroups, and analyzed against their survey responses. It was found that students’ performances were not statistically different on the two different tests or across the prompts chosen on the FS EAP writing test. Further analysis revealed that student subgroups varied in their perceptions of the degree of prompt familiarity. Based on the results, future research implications are proposed for EAP testing and L2 writing research. 相似文献
2.
在探索如何学习英语的道路上,中国的许多学者引入了主位理论,并从语言学的角度加以阐述。这种主位理论主要被用于研究英语阅读和翻译,而很少被用于英语写作教学与学习。本文试图将这一理论引入英语写作的教学,并通过对一篇完整英语文章的分析,指出主位有两种推进路径:微观到宏观和宏观到微观,并加以初步阐述,以此指出该理论在英语写作教学中的作用。 相似文献
3.
《校园英语(教研版)》2015,(5):9-11
Writing is always regarded as a purposeful way of communicating to an imaginary other.It is necessary to adhere to the author’s purpose and make sure that it is effective,instead of pro-viding only meaningless chunks of sentences to discourage readers.However,it’s worth no-ticing that the‘invisible reader’has(a)purpose(s)too.Writing is a process of the author try-ing to negotiate with the readers by following certain genrespecific restrictions.This focus has been well captured by an online writing workshop-the Purdue Online Writing Lab,which manifests a novel perspective to view writing as a process constrained within a specific genre.With the advancement of computers and internet,the Computer Aided Language Teaching method(CALL),as presented in this article,can foreground prominence of writing principles and motivate students to learn and write creatively.Suggested use of the workshop as such is provided at the end of this paper. 相似文献
4.
The effects of computer and paper test media on EFL test-takers with different computer familiarity in writing scores and in the cognitive writing process have been comprehensively explored from the learners’ aspect as well as on the basis of related theories and practice. The results indicate significant differences in test scores among the test-takers who are less familiar with computers, showing that the computer test medium has greatly impacted this group of test-takers’ writing scores. From the perspective of the cognitive process, they are not significantly different in such stages as ‘goal-setting’, ‘generating ideas’ and ‘reviewing’, while their ‘organising ideas’ and ‘translating’ stages were greatly different, owing mainly to the nature of the test medium itself. 相似文献
5.
Shari Sabeti 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(2):211-229
This paper is based on a long-term ethnography of an adult creative writing class situated in a major urban art gallery in the United Kingdom. It takes the claims of one group of older adults—that creative writing made them ‘feel younger’—as the starting point for exploring this connection further. It places these claims broadly within theories of learning in later life that advocate creative expression and reminiscence as important practices for educators of older adults. However, the main analysis employs anthropological theories of creativity and ageing in order to question the cultural assumptions about creativity and the period of older age informing theory and practice. The paper argues that the value of creative writing for the individuals studied lies both in the fact that it is a relational (rather than individual) process and a means of being in the present. These findings contradict traditional conceptions about creativity as future-oriented and older people as retrospective; they also raise questions about narratives of empowerment, individual agency and the importance of ‘reminiscence’ in some of the literature on older adult learning. 相似文献
6.
Writing assessment essentially juxtaposes two elements: how ‘good writing’ is to be defined, and how ‘good measurement’ of that writing is to be carried out. The timed test is often used in large-scale L2 writing assessments because it is considered to provide reliable measurement. It is, however, highly inauthentic. One way of enhancing authenticity in a way that might also promote good writing is to include access to support resources in the test. This article reports a study into whether allowing a bilingual dictionary enhances good writing in German writing tests. Participants (n = 47) took two tests, one with and one without a bilingual dictionary. The essays of sub-sets of the participants were compared in terms of lexical sophistication, lexical accuracy and test score. Lexical sophistication was measured by means of the Lexical Frequency Profile (Laufer & Nation, 1995). Lexical accuracy was determined through a quantitative analysis of words looked up in the dictionary. The results revealed an increase in lexical sophistication in ‘with dictionary’ tests but frequent misuse of look-ups. There was also no improvement in test scores. Subsequent issues for the use of dictionaries in writing tests are raised. 相似文献
7.
A random sample of 482 teachers in grades 3 through 8 from across the United States were surveyed about (a) their perceptions of the version of the Common Core writing and language standards adopted by their state and their state’s writing assessment, (b) their preparation to teach writing, and (c) their self-efficacy beliefs for teaching writing. Regardless of grade, a majority of teachers believed that the adopted standards are more rigorous than prior standards, provide clear expectations for students that can be straightforwardly translated into activities and lessons, and have pushed them to address writing more often. However, many surveyed felt the new writing and language standards are too numerous to cover, omit key aspects of writing development, and may be inappropriate for struggling writers. Moreover, most did not feel that professional development efforts have been sufficient to achieve successful implementation, and nearly one in five respondents was not familiar with the standards. The respondents were generally less sanguine regarding their state’s writing test, with elementary teachers even less positive than middle school teachers on some aspects, though nearly a third were unfamiliar with their state test. A majority believed state writing tests, though more rigorous than prior tests, fail to address important aspects of writing development, do not accommodate the needs of students with diverse abilities, and require more time than is available to prepare students. Additionally, many teachers believed professional development efforts have been insufficient to help them understand measurement properties of the assessments and how to use test data to identify students’ writing needs. Teachers who were better prepared to teach writing and who held more positive personal teaching efficacy beliefs for writing exhibited generally more positive perceptions of their state’s standards. In contrast, only teacher efficacy beliefs made a unique contribution to the survey respondents’ attitudes and beliefs about their state’s writing test. 相似文献
8.
Set against the backdrop of children being ‘alienated’ from their writing, this paper is taken from a United Kingdom Literacy Association sponsored project where primary school teachers were trained to use process drama in order to give children more agency in their writing across the curriculum. Here, we use discourse analysis to think about the children's historical creative writing in relation to the drama lessons which are differently framed by the teachers. Building upon a theoretical model of process drama as involving ‘embodied experience’ and writing as problem‐solving, a case is made that process drama can lead to what we term ‘agentic writing’. Agentic writing, we demonstrate, involves children actively translating their embodied experience of process drama into writing by making a range of intertextual borrowings. These borrowings serve both to capture and transform their embodied experience as the children gain agency by standing outside language to achieve ‘double voicedness’ and in doing so write sophisticated texts. Seeing the relationship between process drama and writing in this light, we argue, provides a means of reconnecting children to the act of writing. 相似文献
9.
On the basis of one teaching project carried out in a school, this article discusses collaborative writing in wiki platforms. It aims to find out what wiki reveals about pupils’ knowledge construction, creation, and division and their collaborative writing skills. In this project, wiki is treated as a useful tool for analyzing these processes because it gives us the possibility of studying those elements and stages of educative writing that are normally hidden from the teacher or researcher’s eye. Also, it shows us the interaction between pupils. The theoretical background of the project lies in collaborative writing and writing research. 相似文献
10.
Helen Bradford Dominic Wyse 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2013,33(3):252-265
Over the past three decades early writing research has focused on the processes involved as children learn to write. There is now a powerful evidence base to show that children’s earliest discoveries about written language are learned through active engagement with their social and cultural worlds. In addition, the idea of writing development as an emergent process is well established. The study reported in this paper adopted case study methodology combined with an age-appropriate data collection technique in order to explore children’s perceptions of themselves as writers. A focused task using a hand puppet called Baby Bear was used to elicit children’s perceptions. The children’s parents were interviewed to elicit their perceptions of their children as writers. This small-scale exploratory study found that the children had clear perceptions about themselves as writers. There were important links between parents’ perceptions of their children as writers and the ethos for writing they created in the home. It was found that, overall, more positive parental perceptions were linked with more attention to the meaning of children’s writing. It is concluded that early years settings could usefully identify and compare children’s and parents’ perceptions of writing in order to enhance children’s writing development. 相似文献
11.
Melina Porto 《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2016,40(3):293-315
This article describes a cooperative writing response initiative designed to develop writing skills in foreign/second-language contexts (hereafter L2). The strategy originated from my desire to cater for my learners’ need to become better writers in English within a constrained educational environment in Argentina. In this article I describe this strategy and show how it has worked in my setting. First, I offer the rationale on which it rests, based on a sociocultural conception of reading and writing. This involves brief considerations about the notions of collaborative writing groups, social responses to texts and coherence in L2 writing. Second, I describe and explain the strategy in detail, and include one handout with specific written instructions (as my learners received them) for the cooperative writing response groups with a focus on coherence, i.e. global aspects of the composing process. Finally, I exemplify the strategy using one learner’s written text as a foundation (disclosed by permission). 相似文献
12.
大学英语写作：教学思路与训练方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
培养英语写作能力,是英语教学中非常关注并且经常探讨的一个问题。从大学生参加各种英语考试中的英语写作题来看,仍然写不成一篇较好短文的学生绝不是极少数。要解决这一问题需要在长期的教学活动中科学安排教学环节和采用多样化训练方法。本文着重讨论英语写作中关于文章主旨句提炼、主题句扩展、词语选择三个方面的重要技巧,并提出如何进行训练。希望对大学生英语写作能力的提高有参考价值。 相似文献
13.
张渊 《渭南师范学院学报》2012,(4):82-85
在特殊目的英语(ESP)中,调查和分析研究对象的需求是一个重要且不能忽视的过程,这被称作需求测试(Needs Analysis)。笔者在开始一对一的ESP培训前对学习者进行了需求测试。从目标需求和学习需求两方面收集和分析信息,调查发现写作是学习者最大的需求。这对培训的课程大纲、教材甄选和讲授方式等都起到了非常重要的指导和铺垫作用。除此之外,文章也试图指出大学ESP英语教学的缺陷。 相似文献
14.
András István Kun 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2015,40(8):1159-1181
This paper introduces an empirical study testing three kinds of bias in higher education student assessment. All of them are connected to the repetitive use of the same test questions which may facilitate academic cheating. The ‘same tests effect’ may appear if two or more groups of students are writing the same test one after the other and, as a result, a statistically significant improvement is detectable in the test scores of the second student group. The ‘revealed sameness effect’ is the impact of informing the students in some way that the test questions will be repeated. The ‘self selection effect’ arises when the students choose their examination turn themselves and this boosts their measured performance. The present study examines the three effects with independent t-tests and linear regression models on samples of 1221, 235, and 201 students (in this order), from four business courses in six academic semesters. The results do not support the ‘same test effect’, but support the ‘revealed sameness effect’ and the ‘self selection effect’. 相似文献
15.
Though discipline-specific approaches to literacy instruction can support adolescents' academic literacy and identity development, scant attention has been paid to ways of targeting such instruction to address individual student needs. Dialogic writing assessment is an approach to conducting writing conferences that foregrounds students' composing process so that teachers can assess and support that process with instructional feedback. Because such feedback is immediate, teachers can observe how students take it up. While dialogic assessment has shown promise as an approach to revealing and supporting students' writing processes in English Language Arts classrooms, it remains to be explored how this approach can support developing writers in other subject areas. This paper offers an analytic narrative account of how a high school social studies teacher used this method to support the writing process of one student, exploring what the method revealed about the challenges the student faced in writing about history, the gaps and misconceptions in their understanding of history and the intersection between the two. We discuss how certain ‘mediational moves’ the teacher employed enabled the student to compose collaboratively with the teacher, and in this collaborative composing, to capture ideas that she later used in her independent writing. 相似文献
16.
Teaching awards are now common practice in higher education. However, few award applicants and their writing guides have investigated their experience of writing a teaching award application, a writing process recognised as different from that required in research publication. To systematically research and analyse their personal experiences two successful Australian Learning and Teaching Council Citation applicants (Robyn and Thea) and their guide (Coralie) undertook a process of self-inquiry from an autoethnographic perspective. This paper presents a narrative constructed by Coralie, Robyn and Thea to bring into one story their individual autoethnographies. This collective narrative takes the reader beyond the scholarly discussions of benefits and concerns about teaching award schemes prominent in the literature to date, to uncover a previously hidden view of award application writing. From this new viewpoint writing a teaching award application is seen as a process which moves the applicant from a position of certainty and comfort (‘homeliness’), through a period where ‘things fall apart’ as the applicant's sense of ‘unhomeliness’ (disorientation and confusion) increases, to a time where ‘things fall together’ as a newfound sense of ‘homeliness’ that represents growth in the individual as a teacher and a writer. Applicants develop a clearer understanding of their strengths and weaknesses as educators and the confidence to challenge their previous pedagogical practices. As writers they develop attitudes and skills to recognise and to set aside familiar, but limiting, writing strategies. 相似文献
17.
高职英语应用文写作语法翻译法与项目教学法比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
龙芸 《番禺职业技术学院学报》2010,9(3):22-26,52
在二语教学领域,已有大量针对不同教学法对写作教学的研究,但国内目前专门就语法翻译法和项目教学法在高职英语应用文教学中的效果比较的实证研究还未见报道。本研究在两个高职学生班的英语应用文写作课上分别使用语法翻译法和项目教学法,对比分析学生的写作情况。结果表明,在长期的对比教学中,项目教学法的教学效果在整体上优于语法翻译法,更有利于写作成绩的提高。 相似文献
18.
John Keen 《Changing English: An International Journal of English Teaching》2020,27(2):121-136
ABSTRACTThis paper identifies evidence that significant procedural learning can emerge from process approaches to teaching writing, including from the transition of pupils’ writing from draft to revision. It shows how writing schemes that use an underlying process framework to structure learning, give pupils ownership of their own writing and exploit the resources of classes as learning communities can enable pupils to learn how to write more effectively, and in some cases to discover what they want to say through the process of composition. The paper draws on this and other work to set out a number of implications for teaching and classroom practice. 相似文献
19.
The present study describes the way one institution operationalized the notion of process-oriented writing assessment in its entry placement testing context. In an attempt to enhance how it assesses academic writing ability, a workshop-based essay test was proposed in place of the existing, traditional timed essay test. The study looked at how the tests from the two different approaches in writing assessment (product-oriented and process-oriented) affected examinees’ test performance by comparing both the textual quality of the test essays and the placement results. Content-area faculty evaluations of the examinees’ writing ability and the examinees’ view on the tests were also used in evaluating the quality of the tests. The results suggested that assessment methods have an impact on the examinees’ test performance. Even though further evidence is needed for a better understanding of the result, a traditional method of direct writing assessment seemed to put examinees at a disadvantage. The new test was implemented in the given research context and implications of writing assessment in general are discussed. 相似文献
20.
通过对美国大学写作课和中国英语专业英语写作课授课方式及学生的课堂行为进行观摩对比,得出重要启示:即要提高学生的英文写作能力,教师应充分发挥学生的主体能动性,鼓励学生进行大量有针对性的阅读并进行批判性思考,达到以读促写;建立合理评估模式,写作结果和写作过程并重;让写作与学生的真实生活和真实需求结合起来,力求让写作成为真实的写作。 相似文献