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依据成就目标理论、自主性动机理论及自我效能理论,对中小学教师成就动机的特点与影响因素进行了探讨。研究发现,教师的成就目标取向和自主性动机随年龄的变化而有所起伏,而自我效能感则逐渐提高;男女教师的成就目标取向明确,都有较强的自主性动机和自我效能感;小学教师比中学教师有更积极的社会和个人价值目标取向,表现出更强的自主性和自我效能感;城乡教师的自我效能感较强,但农村教师的社会价值取向高于城市教师,有着更强烈的自主性动机。 相似文献
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创造性人才的培养仍是当前高等教育亟待思考和解决的现实问题。本研究试图探究认识论信念、教师创新支持对大学生创造力的影响,同时考察创造动机和创新自我效能感在这一影响过程中的中介效应。研究结果发现:认识论信念通过创新自我效能感的中介作用、创造动机与创新自我效能感的链式中介作用正向预测创造力。教师创新支持通过创造动机与创新自我效能感的链式中介作用正向预测创造力。从培养大学生认识论信念、激发大学生创造动机、增强大学生创新自我感和鼓励教师积极正向的支持行为四个方面,提出促进大学生创造力发展的教育建议,以期能够为提升高等教育创新型人才的培养质量提供参考意见。 相似文献
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小学生学习行为自我效能感的影响因素与培养策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
现阶段小学生学习行为自我效能感普遍偏低,这其中既有家庭因素、学校教育因素,又有学生自身因素。学校和教师在培养和提高小学生学习行为自我效能感方面扮演着重要角色,应有意识培养和提高小学生学习行为的自我效能感。如：协调与家庭的关系,关注孩子学习行为的自我效能感;树立正确的教育观念,培养小学生学习行为的自我效能感;根据小学生的特点,采取措施提高他们学习行为的自我效能感。以增强学生从事学习活动的积极性和主动性,达到提高成就水平的目的,并促进他们自我评价能力及自我意识的发展。 相似文献
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表扬与内在动机关系的新观点 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
有些理论研究表明表扬对内在动机有促进作用；而另一些理论则证明了表扬对内在动机有损害作用。Jennifer Henderlong和Mark R Lepper引入了五个概念变量(conceptual variables)对这两种理论进行了整合与提升，指出自主性、归因方式、自我效能感、真诚性、行为标准和期望是影响表扬效果的重要因素。这些都能够促进对本领域未来研究方向的思考。 相似文献
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为了解中学生自我效能感与体育锻炼行为及运动情境动机的关系,对996名在校中学生进行了问卷调查.结果显示:体育锻炼行为与运动情境动机及自我效能感之间存在着正相关关系,三者之间是一种互动的、相互促进的关系,相互之问具有较强的预测度,运动动机和自我效能是影响运动行为的重要变量. 相似文献
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教师自我效能感,是指教师对自己的教育教学水平及影响学生行为和学习成绩的能力方面的一种主观判断和感受。教师自我效能感是教师对自我能力的一种信念和认识,反映教师的主观体验和能动性。作为一种内在的心理体验与感受,教师自我效能感对教育工作、学生发展、教师自身发展都具有极其重要的意义。它不仅有助于教师适应环境,调节自己的教学行为,保持自己的身心健康,而且有利于促进教师职业的发展,是促进教师自主发展的重要内在动力机制,是防止职业倦怠感、提升教师职业幸福感的直接因素。 相似文献
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《兰州教育学院学报》2017,(1):172-174
语文学习自我效能感具有主体性、反馈性、差异性三个原则,要求学生树立"幸福学习"的目标,而学习自我效能感在语文学习行为中的选择、应用,对语文学习行为具有重要意义,因此,要通过设置目标、调节身心、增强兴趣、树立正确动机来培养语文学习自我获得感,同时,"幸福学习"也要求通过丰富多彩的语文学习活动、由可操作性的语文学习策略来增强语文学习自我效能感,最终引导学生登堂入室,走向幸福人生。 相似文献
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心境对亲社会行为的影响 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
心境与亲社会行为关系的研究一致认为积极心境促进亲社会行为 ,而消极心境则有时促进亲社会行为 ,有时减少亲社会行为。心境对亲社会行为的影响是通过激发动机而发生的直接作用和通过个体的认知判断而发生的信息作用来完成的 ,这两种影响既可以独立起作用 ,也可以共同起作用。今后应扩展研究范畴 ,深入探讨心境对亲社会行为影响的认知机制 ,加强不同理论的整合 ,并注重运用研究成果指导对青少年亲社会行为的培养。 相似文献
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Kelly Tepper 《Structural equation modeling》2013,20(2):165-190
Although several studies in social psychology suggest that male participants are more likely than female ones to engage in individuating behaviors, other studies have found no gender differences in willingness to perform individuating acts. This study posits that differences in findings across past investigations may be attributed to the chosen domain of individuating behavior. The content of the Individuation Scale (Maslach, Stapp, & Santee, 1985) is examined in terms of Bakan's (1966) agency‐communion theory to identify two types of individuating behaviors that are consistent with men's gender role orientations (i.e., eliciting conflict, leadership), one type of individuating behavior that is consistent with women's gender role orientations (i.e., personal disclosures), and a gender‐neutral type of individuation (i.e., performance). Responses to the scale are obtained from a sample of business school students (N = 273) and a more heterogeneous mail survey sample (N = 621). A sequence of measurement invariance tests of a 4‐factor correlated model of the individuation measure indicates a high degree of equivalence in the meaning of the measure across gender groups. Subsequent latent‐means structure analysis examines gender differences in willingness to perform the 4 types of individuation behaviors captured in the scale. In the student sample, there were no mean differences in willingness to perform any of the 4 types of individuating acts. However, in the mail survey sample, findings of mean differences supported hypotheses derived from agency‐communion theory: For men as compared with women, the latent means for leadership and eliciting conflict were higher and the latent mean for personal disclosure was lower. 相似文献
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Teachers’ interpersonal behavior in class is important for teacher and student emotions. Often the same rater (either teacher or students) is used to assess both perceptions of teacher behavior and emotions, which makes it vulnerable to common-method bias. Including other perspectives on teacher behavior has been proposed as a solution, but it is unclear to what extent different perspectives are correlated and how to separate their shared and unique variance in explaining emotions. Behavior of 80 teachers was rated from three perspectives (observers, students, and teachers) in terms of Agency (i.e., social influence) and Communion (i.e., friendliness). The three perspectives overlapped more strongly for teacher agency than for communion. Especially for students, teacher communion was a stronger predictor of emotions than agency. Our innovative statistical approach showed that the strong association between ratings of teacher behavior and emotions of the same rater are unlikely to result from common-method bias only. 相似文献
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《Early childhood research quarterly》2006,21(3):347-359
The purpose of the current investigation was to examine both social behaviors (i.e., aggression, shyness-withdrawal, and prosocial tendencies) and social understanding (i.e., attitudes and responses to such behaviors in hypothetical peers) of empathic and low-empathic children. Participants were 136 children in kindergarten and grade one. Parents completed ratings of child empathy, shyness, aggression, and prosocial tendencies. Children were presented with vignettes depicting prosocial, aggressive, or shy peers, and asked questions concerning their understanding and responses towards these behaviors. Results indicated that as compared to low-empathic peers, more empathic children were reported to exhibit greater prosocial behavior and less aggression and social-withdrawal. In addition, empathic children demonstrated a more sophisticated understanding of shyness and aggression as compared to less empathic peers. These results suggest that empathic children are more socially sensitive, both in terms of their social understanding of others as well as their own social behaviors. 相似文献
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家庭教养方式是影响个体孤独感的核心因素,同时也是影响个体亲社会行为的主要因素。本文以在校大学生作为调查对象,采用随机分层抽样的方法,对大学一年级到四年级的学生进行抽样调查。结果显示:性别在孤独感、亲社会行为、家庭教养方式上并不存在差异;不同的家庭教养方式在大学生的孤独感、亲社会行为上存在显著性差异;父母的文化程度会影响其教育理念,进而影响大学生的亲社会行为、孤独感;通过父母教养方式、亲社会行为,能够准确预测大学生的孤独感。进而可知,性别消解与群体再制是三者互构的机制原理。社会分工引发的社会性别消解了群体的生理性别,代之的是极为相似的社会性别。家庭教养方式中父母的教育理念、参与程度等都会再制着孩子的理念,进而影响其社会身份的认同和社会结构中的格局序列。 相似文献
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为了考察感恩对助人行为的预测作用,细化感恩与负债感、快乐之间的关系研究。研究对296名大学生进行情景实验,并采用描述性统计、协方差分析技术对研究所得数据进行统计处理。研究结果发现:感恩与负债感、快乐不同,它是一种积极的、具有社会道德价值的情感特质;感恩比负债感和快乐更能正向预测助人行为等亲社会行为。 相似文献
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This study tested two alternative hypotheses regarding the relations between child behavior and peer preference. The first hypothesis is generated from the person-group similarity model, which predicts that the acceptability of social behaviors will vary as a function of peer group norms. The second hypothesis is generated by the social skill model, which predicts that behavioral skill deficiencies reduce and behavioral competencies enhance peer preference. A total of 2895 children in 134 regular first-grade classrooms participated in the study. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to compare four different behaviors as predictors of peer preference in the context of classrooms with varying levels of these behavior problems. The results of the study supported both predictive models, with the acceptability of aggression and withdrawal varying across classrooms (following a person-group similarity model) and the effects of inattentive/hyperactive behavior (in a negative direction) and prosocial behavior (in a positive direction) following a social skill model and remaining constant in their associations with peer preference across classrooms. Gender differences also emerged, with aggression following the person-group similarity model for boys more strongly than for girls. The effects of both child behaviors and the peer group context on peer preference and on the trajectory of social development are discussed. 相似文献
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This study focused on violent and prosocial behaviors by adolescents toward parents and teachers, and the relation between such behaviors and adolescents’ perceptions about the family and school environment. Gender differences in child‐to‐parent violence and student‐to‐teacher violence were also studied. The sample comprised 687 adolescents from secondary schools in the province of Gipuzkoa, Spain, aged between 12 and 16 years. Participants responded to the relationship domains of the Family Environment Scale and the Classroom Environment Scale, among other instruments. A positive family relationship was related to less violent and more prosocial behavior toward parents. However, a positive classroom relationship was associated only with more prosocial behavior toward teachers. The results show that criminal and antisocial behaviors had a mediating influence on the relation between family and school relationships and violence against authority. The implications for intervention and prevention programs are discussed. 相似文献
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Student cooperativeness underlies high quality teacher-student relationships, and has been positively associated with students' school engagement. Fostering cooperative rather than oppositional student behavior might be especially helpful for protecting at-risk students against academic failure. To understand how exactly students' cooperativeness can be fostered, we investigated the interpersonal behaviors of secondary school teachers and at-risk students during dyadic interactions (N = 82 dyads) in the context of positive teacher-student relationships. Using Continuous Assessment of Interpersonal Dynamics, moment-to-moment teacher and student behavior was captured in terms of interpersonal agency (dominance vs. submissiveness) and communion (opposition vs. cooperation). Time-series analyses were used to analyze interpersonal behavior within individuals, within dyads, and between dyads. Cooperative student behavior was most likely if teachers acted friendly and cooperatively and if teachers ‘loosened up’ their agency and the structure they imposed on the interaction repeatedly, which may give students more freedom to express themselves and to cooperate. 相似文献