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Margaret O’Neill Adams 《Archival Science》2007,7(1):21-36
This article focuses on use and users of data from the NARA (National Archives and Records Administration), U.S. Who is using archival electronic records, and why are they using them? It describes the changes in use and consequently user groups over the last 30 years. The changes in use are related to the evolution of reference services for electronic records at NARA, as well as to growth in the types of electronic records accessioned by NARA. The first user group consisted mainly of researchers with a social science background, who usually expected to handle the data themselves. The user community expanded when electronic records with personal value, like casualty records, were transferred to NARA, and broadened yet again when a selection of NARA’s electronic records became available online. Archivists trying to develop user services for electronic records will find that the needs and expectations of fact or information seeking data users are different from those of researchers using and analyzing data files. 相似文献
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近年来,档案数据管理成为档案学研究中的一个新的关注点。本文从档案数据管理的内涵与对象、面临的困境、应对措施三方面对我国档案数据管理的研究成果进行评述,认为未来我国档案数据管理研究内容中需要关注以下几个问题:档案数据管理向档案数据治理的转变、档案数据化的技术体系与推进策略以及档案数据开放相关问题。同时在研究方法上注重多学科视角与跨领域合作。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 立足国家科技信息资源管理的整体效益,以增强国家科技信息资源综合治理能力为目标,调查科学数据与科研档案管理协同的发展现状,探索相关推进策略。[方法/过程] 综合运用实地调查法、网络调查法、文献研究法、比较研究法和行动研究法,收集中、美、英、澳4个国家的科技主管部门、档案主管部门、科研资助机构、科研机构、科学数据管理机构、档案机构及相关国际组织的相关政策文本和实践材料,展开内容分析和后续研究。[结果/结论] 在政策层面,科学数据管理政策中与档案相关的规定集中体现在将档案馆视作存储基础设施及将归档视为科学数据管理活动;科研档案管理政策中与科学数据相关的规定集中体现在承认科学数据的档案属性,并将其纳入归档范围;科研资助机构的政策要求明确科学数据的归档和保存问题。在实践层面,国外在组织、政策、业务、服务等方面形成相对丰富的协同实践,国内的协同实践则刚刚起步。最后,从体制机制、政策体系、协作模式、业务融合、服务支撑、人才培养等方面提出推进管理协同的发展建议。 相似文献
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Jennifer Meehan 《Archival Science》2009,9(3-4):157-164
This article traces an alternative to the evidence/memory dichotomy in archival discourse by highlighting the nexus between archival ideas about the nature, value, and use of records as viewed and imagined through the lens of an archival concept of evidence as a relation between record and event. This article then explores how “the archival nexus” provides a different framework for understanding the various meaning-making processes surrounding archives both within and outside the archival repository, and for rethinking the role of the archivist and the position of the archival discipline with regard to other disciplines that explicitly address and engage with the archive. 相似文献
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Jeannette Allis Bastian 《Archival Science》2006,6(3-4):267-284
Analyzes attitudes and use of archives by post-colonial scholars who find that colonial records offer the voices of the master
narrative but do not reflect the voices of the oppressed and voiceless. Argues that framing records within social provenance
and a ‘community of records’ offers archival solutions to the dilemmas of locating all voices within the spaces of records.
“As for what we were like before we met you, I no longer care. No periods of time over which my ancestor held sway, no documentation
of complex civilizations, is any comfort to me. Even if I really came from people who were living like monkeys in trees, it
was better to be that than what happened to, me, what I became after I met you.”
Jamaica Kincaid, A Small Place 相似文献
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Hea Lim Rhee 《Archival Science》2016,16(2):167-194
The quantity of government records has grown dramatically since the rapid development of information technology starting in the mid-twentieth century. This ever-expanding body of records has challenged the limited resources of government archives. Though U.S. government archivists constantly try to identify valuable government records among the geometrically increasing total, in order to justify spending public money on their preservation, little is known about how U.S. state archives and records management programs go about the process. The study discussed in this paper is the first to empirically investigate nationwide archival appraisal practice in U.S. state archives and records management programs. The study answered two research questions: How do U.S. state archivists and records managers conceptually define archival appraisal? How do U.S. state archivists and records managers practice archival appraisal of state government records? The study used an online survey and interviews for data collection and SPSS software and NVivo8 software for data analysis. This paper discusses the research topic and concludes with recommendations for practitioners and further studies. 相似文献
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Kimberly Anderson 《Archival Science》2013,13(4):349-371
This paper provides an analysis of the archival concepts of “record” and “evidence” as socio-cultural constructs arising out of a particular view of time. Archival records are usually characterized as having certain relationships to evidence in its temporal aspects—specifically, the requirement for a temporal disconnect between creation and use. This disconnect also necessitates a break between knowledge and the knower in which the record must be externalized and set aside from its creator in order to have “recordness”. This paper explores how Western concepts of time impact concepts of records and archival evidences and proposes an alternative framing. Since records have such power in our lives and societies, practitioners must begin to work with an expanded concept of record and sensitivity to differing time frames and worldviews. The paper proposes a new definition of “record” as an intentional, stable, semantic structure, which is used to identify three broad categories of record types, based on event-orientation or object-orientation, that are flexible enough to account for differing cultural and spiritual understandings of time. 相似文献
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Over the last 20 years, humanities and archival scholars have theorized the ways in which archives imbue records with meaning.
However, archival scholars have not sufficiently examined how users understand the meaning of the records they find. Building
on the premise that how users come to make meaning from records is greatly in need of examination, this paper reports on a
pilot study of four book history students and their processes of archival meaning-making. We focus in particular on behaviors
of an interpretive rather than forensic nature. This article includes a discussion of the theoretical concepts and scholarly
literature that shaped our goals for this paper. It then discusses the methodology and our interpretations of the research
findings, before turning to a discussion of the findings’ implications and directions for future work. 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 在全球e-science发展背景下,科学数据管理实践日益呈现出对跨学科思维和方法的渴求,运用档案学领域的相关理论和方法有利于提升科学数据保存和共享重用的质量和效率。[方法/过程] 采用文本分析法和综合集成法,对OCLC、DCC、RDA、ICA四个国际组织相关文献成果中涉及的档案学理论和方法及相关科学数据管理工作进行了文本编码和归纳分析。[结果/结论] 档案学视角下的数字文档连续性保障、背景信息管理、鉴定处置和长期保存对科学数据管理具有支撑作用,建议通过开展跨学科合作对话、建立跨机构连续性管理制度框架、培育具有档案专长的数据馆员等路径提升科学数据管理效能。 相似文献
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新技术革新和法律环境的逐步成熟为电子文件管理的纵深发展提供了必要条件,电子文件管理当前迫切需要解决自下而上的理论准备和技术落地等关键问题。通过分析档案对象管理"从数字到数据""从可读到可信""从要素到空间"三大演变趋势,研究面临的问题和挑战,进而从三个方向提出了应对举措:即构建相对完备的理论框架、构建面向三态的规范体系和构建面向实现的行业生态。档案信息化在实现档案工作从模拟空间向数字空间迁移的过程中,需要电子文件管理的理论创新突破并提供引导。"三构"设想的提出,对电子文件的未来发展研究和管理实践提供了方向和路径。 相似文献
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Ciaran B. Trace 《Archival Science》2002,2(1-2):137-159
Traditional premises in archival theory and practice hold that archival records are authentic as to procedure and impartial
as to creation because they are created as a means for, and as a by-product of, action, and not for the sake of posterity.
Such Positivist assumptions about the nature of records have come under sustained scrutiny in the archival literature over
the past decade. The post-Positivist view of records embraces the record as a socially constructed and maintained entity.
This paper situates itself within this new paradigm in an exploration of the beginning of the life of the record. It is therefore
concerned with the creator (or recorder) and the social construction of the record. In expanding beyond a purely administrative-
and juridical-based theory of records, this paper draws upon research from other disciplines, such as sociology, in order
to place records and record keeping within a framework that allows for an understanding of their social nature. In particular,
the goal is to determine the underlying social factors that directly influence and shape the creation and keeping of records
and to begin to understand how these factors manifest themselves in the construction of the record. 相似文献
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Ellen Ndeshi Namhila 《Archival Science》2016,16(2):111-123
Namibians often find themselves in situations of litigation where they need person-related records to defend their rights and privileges. Such person-related records include birth, adoption, marriage, or divorce or deceased estates. It has been observed that the institution where such records should be expected, the National Archives of Namibia often cannot retrieve person-related records of persons previously classified as non-whites under colonial and apartheid laws. Many native Namibians end up losing property or have problems claiming their constitutional rights due to lack of evidence. The purpose of this paper was to explore whether the existing archival literature can guide National Archives of new and emerging African nations on how to handle challenges brought about by gaps in inherited colonial archives. Using a literature survey to explore the state of what is written on the content and usage of colonial archives in post-colonial era, this article argues that the content and use of colonial archives in Africa do not feature prominently in the literature of archival science. Although there has been a rising interest on the subject during the last decade, none of this emerging literature has systematically studied archives in depth with a view on what these archives contain for the non-academic user, what they neglect and what they lack altogether in serving the needs of all citizens in post-colonial states. It recommends that archival scholars as well as archival institutions increase research into this neglected area. Raising awareness may produce academic discourse to help archivists in newly decolonised countries to competently support users whose inquiries currently cannot be answered by the inherited colonial archives collections. 相似文献
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Brian P. N. Beaven 《Archival Science》2005,5(2-4):315-341
The dilemma of implementing macroappraisal is to transform theory and methodology into selection and preservation of archival records through disposition procedures. Having shifted the focus from the record to the function from which it derives, how does a program or an appraisal project committed to the macroappraisal approach get back to the record to ensure compliance and accountability? This paper uses the experience of Library and Archives Canada (LAC) as a form of case study (a model for success) which examines how applied theory and program practice come to terms with each other. It analyses the tensions, the challenges, and the creativity that inevitably arise when turning macroappraisal from an appraisal methodology into a fully articulated archival disposition program whose final “deliverable” is the archival record. Making things simple, it turns out, is complicated. 相似文献
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The annals of modern history are replete with examples of how state agencies have constructed mechanisms to observe and document the subversive activities of internal parties or individuals as well as perceived foreign influences or threats. While the definition of “subversive” changes with governing parties, the documentation of previous systems persists in the custody of archival repositories. These files represent the lives and work of individuals, and archivists face significant moral and ethical challenges regarding their disposition. This comparative study examines cases from across the globe and throughout the twentieth century to reveal the dispositions of surveillance records. More specifically, the study identifies the main variables that impact how these files are handled. This study begins with a theoretical framework that identifies common trends in the archival literature regarding surveillance files and their place in recovery and reconciliation efforts. Definitions are provided to establish the boundaries of this work within a broad categorization of levels of access that emerged from the case studies. Each level of access is then explored more deeply using specific examples to illustrate the complexities of custody and access encountered with these records. Ultimately, the study of the disposition and access to surveillance files uncovers three interrelated themes: the power of records, the impact of archival practice and the need to fully explore the context in which those files are created and retained. 相似文献
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数字人文为档案学界和业界提供了新的理论范式和应用方法。游戏作为新媒体时代的传播媒介和数字人文的重要应用之一,在文化资源开发、宣传等方面有着全新的应用。清宫档案在故宫博物院解谜书游戏《谜宫·金榜题名》中发挥了重要作用,该游戏对于档案的运用得失兼有,档案部门开发解谜书不能完全仿照故宫。基于数字人文视角下档案研究的“三原语”模式,历史档案解谜书游戏开发的路径可以分为档案数据库构建、数据处理和故事讲述三步,同时档案部门在开发解谜书游戏时应加快认知转型与行为调整,谨慎选择历史档案资源,基于档案全宗关联设计系列故事。 相似文献
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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(56):185-202
Abstract The archival profession is dynamic, adaptive, and undergoing continual change. This is particularly true in the areas of reference (or researcher) services and outreach. This article advocates reexamination of these functions, relating them more closely to each other. It maintains that archival records are underutilized and that archivists should address this issue by proactively reaching out to researchers and encouraging research use. Special skills are required to assist researchers to ensure that their use of archival records meets their information needs. The increasing creation and use of electronic records occasions even more attention to archivists' relations with researchers. Finally, there are several areas where archivists and researchers can and should work together to address common needs. 相似文献