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1.
Rogers Hall 《教育心理学家》2015,50(3):173-189
Concepts and conceptual change have been studied extensively as phenomena of individual thinking and action, but changing circumstances of social or cultural groups using concepts are treated as external conditions. We describe research on consequential learning in conceptual practices, where concepts include representational infrastructure that coordinates meaning and activity across time, setting, and social participation. Consequential learning changes one's relation to conceptual practice, creating access to and valued possibilities for participation in practices at a broader scale. We illustrate our approach to conceptual change with case studies and design research in workplaces, schools, and urban communities. We compare our approach to previous efforts to bridge theoretical perspectives published in this journal, focusing in particular on Greeno and van de Sande (2007). Our efforts provide new constructs and studies that may yet create a span between cognitive and sociocultural theories of learning and conceptual change. 相似文献
2.
As part of a doctoral dissertation, Ben （2010） completed a study that extends to 462 pages. After a careful examination of this study and others that are in print, there seems to be a direct relationship between the decline in physics enrollment at the postsecondary level and the increase in the number of studies that have been carried out to determine why have we been off the mark in identifying the real problems that are contributing to the declining enrollment and the decreased student success in physics courses？ One problem is introductory physics books are generally written using a deductive approach, and because the teachers follow the organization of these books, they teach in a deductive, boring, and confusing way, and then, blame the students for being unprepared when they do not succeed. This approach distances the teachers--and physics--from the experience, knowledge, and initial interest of many beginning students. Another problem has been the absence of any alternative curriculum to the deductive one. In this paper, we describe a fully-developed alternative curriculum, really a detailed course design for Introductory College Physics I and II, each with its own text presented in the format of a three-ring binder, one for students and one for teachers which closely parallel one another. The course content is constructed to be both teacher and student friendly, so that a teacher can teach physics in an inductive, exciting, and clear manner. In addition, we describe and provide examples of the pedagogical and classroom management techniques that have proven extremely successful. 相似文献
3.
Companies use many different marketing strategies in order to make their products known and place their corporate images and brandings in the market. Besides, nowadays, being on the Intemet is a must for every company striving for success. The development and implementation of Web 2.0 or social web are threatening the basis of the ways of mixing with other people. A company devoted to open and distance learning, such as Master-D Corporation, a clear example of how a proper and planned use of the different possibilities offered by the Web 2.0, based on blogs, allows a company to achieve bigger market shares and brand positioning following the win-win principle. Blogs are, undoubtedly, channels of communication that prove the power of attraction of good information. These changes are affecting everybody and, in particular, companies and institutions related to people＇s education, teaching and training for their inclusion in society and labor market. This essay brings up some reflections in two ways： The first one deals with some reasons why education is also related to the concept of ＂company＂; and the second one deals with how these changes generated by Web 2.0 are affecting some training companies, represented in this case by Master-D, 相似文献
4.
This study examined how much 4-year-old children know about herbs and spices. We researched how much knowledge children could obtain through experiential learning by growing plants in an herb garden and by using herbs and spices in their food. An experiment with one control and one experimental group was carried out, each comprising 18 children. With semi-structured interviews, the authors established the state of the children＇s previous knowledge on herbs and spices and recognition of plants, exemplified by growing plants and plants used in food dishes. Children from the experimental group then continued to grow herbs and spices and use them in food dishes. Following these activities, the acquired knowledge was established with repeated semi-structured interviews in both groups. At the beginning of the experiment, the children＇s prior knowledge and recognition of plants were very rudimentary. Only 33% of the children in the experimental group recognized parsley, 22% of them knew chamomile, and 17% of them knew sage and chamomile in tea. Following the activities, children of the experimental group showed statistically significant improvement in plant recognition （mint 100%, oregano on pizza 100%, chamomile 94%, parsley 94%, and oregano 94%）. We conclude that through activities of growing plants in herb gardens and their use as food ingredients already in early childhood when eating patterns develop, children obtain much knowledge of herbs and spices. 相似文献
5.
Samuel O. Salami 《美中教育评论》2011,(2):239-248
The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of psychological and social factors to the prediction of adjustment to college. A total of 250 first year students from colleges of education in Kwara State, Nigeria, completed measures of self-esteem, emotional intelligence, stress, social support and adjustment. Regression analyses revealed that all the independent variables predicted adjustments. Social support interacted with stress to predict adjustment. Implications for the counselors, parents and college authorities in enhancing students＇ adjustment to college were discussed. Further, the findings implicated the need for college authorities to integrate activities designed to improve students＇ adjustment into college co-curricular activities meant for youth development. 相似文献
6.
This study sheds light on the role of computerized Arabic language technologies in e-learning. Examples of these technologies are the grammar and spelling proofing tools, which can be used to indirectly teach Arabic to the users of such computer tools. Users of Arabic grammar proofing computer tools employ them to achieve correct Arabic sentences in Arabic processing programs. The proofing tools＇ role ends when they accomplish their regular tasks of proofing grammar and spelling of the Arabic text. This study, however, aims for the proofing tools to transcend their usual role into taking part in teaching Arabic grammar to their users. The study explores the function of the proofing tools, and introduces the most famous Arabic grammar and spelling proofing tools. The paper then elaborates the basic tasks of proofing applications, and further reflects how these applications can be used to teach Arabic to Arab users. The method used here is highlighting a set of the most common grammar and spelling mistakes corrected by such tools. Among the common mistakes are： confusing the glottal stop Hamza to the long vowel /a：/-Aleph as the initial letter of words, and the Arabic Ta （ ）-a voiceless/t/to the fricative （ ） /h/as the ending letter of some Arabic words. Users also sometimes mistake the diphthong/aj/to the vowel/a/both written using the Arabic letter ＂Ya＂, and are confused by the ＂Irab＂ （the system of nominal and adjectival suffixes of Arabic） of the duals, sound masculine plurals, verbs in the present tense, conjugation of the five verbs, and verbs in the imperative form. The new mechanism proposed highlights additional tasks to the proofing tools, which may develop the Arabic e-learning techniques, including： underlining and analyzing the error, pointing out the grammatical rules on the issue in question, citing old Arabic texts and highlighting the word in question, documenting the grammar rule from Arabic references, linking the common mistakes together, whether of the same user, or all Arab users, and notifying the user that he/she has repeated this mistake. 相似文献
7.
8.
Narayan Lal Kachhara 《美中教育评论》2011,(3):370-383
Dualism is one of the views concerning the nature of mind. Arguments have been forwarded for and against dualism. Western philosophy lacks a clear distinction between soul and mind. Closely related to the concept of mind is the question of consciousness, a clear view of which has also eluded the westem thinkers. Jain philosophy describes ＂jiva＂ （soul） as the sentient substance, which is non-physical and not sense-perceptible; consciousness and ＂upayoga＂ （manifestation） are the differentia of ＂jiva＂. Consciousness manifests itself in many ways： intelligence, intuition, conation, bliss, perception （cognitive elements）, emotions, will, attitude and behavior, awareness of pleasure and pain. Jain distinguishes between soul and mind. The mind does not possess consciousness, which is the exclusive property of soul. Mind like soul is not permanent entity, and it exists only when consciousness manifests as thoughts, beliefs, desires, emotions and feelings. All these activities are influenced by karma, which is interface between soul and mind. Our existence is seen to be at three levels： soul, mind and body. Soul is the source of intelligence; mind （subtle body） is the executive and regulatory body and material body is the place of physical actions. A model of interactions between these three units is presented. The soul perceives and knows the external world through mind, so the perceptions made by soul are influenced by mind. The relationship between brain and mind is discussed. The brain is seen as the center for information storage and processing, its activity is regulated by mind, which in turn is conditioned by the soul. The conscious experience is made by the soul, not the mind. The Jain model of soul, mind and body avoids all objections raised against dualism, as interaction between soul and karma body （unconscious part of mind） is assumed to be based on parallelism, and that between mind and body is through radiations not violating the law of conservation of energy. 相似文献
9.
Rey Ty Awni Alkarzon 《美中教育评论》2014,(5):289-297
This paper addresses the problem of teaching adult learners who are going through difficult economic and political times. Lessons are learned from Shakespeare＇s King Lear. Humor is at the same time both a powerful educational tool and a course content that can be used to highlight tragic social realities. Through thoughtful laughter, humor comforts people. On the one hand, humor eases tension. On the other hand, humor intensifies tension by exposing harsh realities in a comic way. Hence, humor can be used as an instructional tool to facilitate learning about complex issues and tragedies both inside and outside the classroom （formal education）, the community （informal education）, and the workplace （non-formal education and human resource development）. 相似文献
10.
Belinda E. Stillwell 《美中教育评论》2011,(2):249-255
The primary purpose of this study is to share what has been found to work well in professional practice based on a series of exploratory scholarly studies as well as information gathered informally from students and through specialized aquatic workshops, conferences and seminars. Research has shown that there is an existing population of at-risk swimmers, and, therefore, it is inevitable that many aquatic professionals will encounter individuals in need of a specialized approach to learning. The concept of systematic desensitization holds great promise and, when refined, can be introduced to educators to augment existing swimming instruction and eventually contribute to the extinction of preventable drowning. 相似文献
11.
Oksana Afitska 《美中教育评论》2014,(8):517-535
Over the last decade, there has been an increased interest in investigation of assessment for learning. However, to date, there are still very few studies that investigated assessment for language learning or formative language assessment, focusing particularly on： （a） effects of formative assessment on learners＇ linguistic development and on teachers＇ teaching and lesson planning; （b） variables influencing the frequency and extent of effectiveness of formative assessment; （c） teachers＇ and learners＇ views on teacher feedback and learner peer- and self- assessment; and （d） fulfilment of the requirements set in the official United Kingdom （UK） policy documents on effective teaching and assessment of learners with English as an additional language （EAL）, also known as English as an second language （ESL） in the United States （U.S.）, in real classrooms. This article addressed these issues, and thus, extended the limited knowledge base on formative language assessment research to date. Moreover, through examining classroom-embedded language assessment processes from various perspectives, this research paper made a link between two research areas： （a） language testing and assessment; and （b） second language acquisition, also a relatively neglected field of research. This paper investigated two intact primary immersion classrooms, with learners as young as 8-10 years old and teachers whose teaching roles in the classrooms differed; two teachers were mainstream classroom teachers （CTs） and one was a mainstream teacher with specific responsibilities for language development in the school. The data were derived from literacy, numeracy, and science lessons through classroom observations and from the research participants through interviews. The data were firstly transcribed and coded qualitatively and then analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings revealed that various language assessment strategies were used regardless of the subject area of the les 相似文献
12.
Eva Kenesei 《美中教育评论》2011,(5):698-710
The start of higher education of primary school teachers in 1959 marks a definitive step in a process. This training has had an effect on all areas. In terms of music training, different periods can be observed which appears during the full strategic change of the training. Professionals, however, have always tried to find the proper place for music which has to be fought for from time to time. Music education has never lost sight of the Kodaly concept in public education. We aim to prepare our students to internalize the abilities necessary to become a successful primary school teacher, keeping in mind the requirements of qualification for the major. In this process, the changes taken place in the Hungarian higher education were determinative. Music education practically has kept its place in general and special primary school teacher training. The major of primary school teacher is a definitive undergraduate course in the teacher training field. Its importance directly shows in public education. One of the crucial points of education should be the formation of values of schoolchildren. General education is a cultural level different in every society and age that a society sets as a standard for its members. This education itself should have a European culture as a prerequisite with Hungarian characteristics. 相似文献
13.
Kevin H. Ashford-Rowe Marnie Holt 《美中教育评论》2011,(3):317-322
The ＂emerging educational institutional decision-making matrix＂ is developed to allow educational institutions to adopt a rigorous and consistent methodology of determining which of the myriad of emerging educational technologies will be the most compelling for the institution, particularly ensuring that it is the educational or pedagogical but not the technological imperative that drives the technology integration agenda. The matrix is designed to be used after some initial research into an emerging technology. Once a technology is put through the matrix, a member of options are available： （1） shelving the technology; （2） putting the technology on hold and maintaining a watching brief until the technology matures in the market; and （3） researching the product further by conducting a trial or placing in testing sandpit. After further research, the technology can be tested as a pilot to determine how well or otherwise, the technology works within the institution. If an emerging technology has more than one product associated with it, a second and third step in the matrix has been developed, and the second step assigns a rating to each of the categories within the matrix. With many products containing similar features, a third step has been developed to compare products on a feature level. 相似文献
14.
Edward E. Brown Jr. 《美中教育评论》2011,(3):323-332
This paper argues that the ＂pipeline＂, leading to the production and increase of undergraduate engineering and STEM （science, technology, engineering and math） related degrees by underrepresented student populations （which include female and AALANA （African American, Latin American and Native American） students）, has become more of a ＂fannel＂. After five decades of affu-mative action-oriented programs and laws, there is still a disconnect at most major research colleges and universities between the mnnber of these students entering into the various STEM related disciplines as freshmen and the total number that successfully complete the baccalaureate STEM degree. Current programs address superficial/peripheral issues related to diversity （i.e., recruitment）, but not the underlying sociological and anthropological aspects that lead to real solutions with permanent results （i.e., increased retention and graduation rates along with a more pluralistic campus environment where diversity is respected, celebrated and embraced in the STEM disciplines）. Thus, this paper suggests that a ＂multicontextual＂ model that emphasizes the latter will ultimately bridge this disconnect and achieve the more desirable ＂affirmative outcomes＂ that previous affirmative-action-oriented initiatives were originally put in place to accomplish. 相似文献
15.
Juha Kettunen 《美中教育评论》2011,(2):149-156
The purpose of this study is to investigate the integration of strategic management and quality assurance in higher education. The study presents how the value chain can be described in the strategy and quality maps, which are, respectively graphical representations of the strategic plan and the quality assurance system. The quality map is a new concept that explicitly takes into account the environment, strategic planning and the quality cycle of the institution. The quality map helps the management of the higher education institution present an overview of the quality assurance system to external evaluators, members of the organization, students and other stakeholders. 相似文献
16.
The high drop-out rate in upper secondary education is a major challenge to European and US educational programmes. Upper secondary education in Norway faces a similar challenge, because in recent decades, around one-third of the students drop out of the educational programmes. The majority of the drop-outs are students in vocational programmes, and a substantial number are apprentices at the workplace. With these high drop-out rates and the ensuing personal, social and economic consequences, it is vital to address how upper secondary education systems can keep students connected throughout the programmes. By thoroughly analyzing learning environments and the experiences, interactions and processes which youth deal with during vocational education, insights into how characteristics of the learning environments relate to dropping-out and connectedness may be brought into educational discussions. The case study presented in this article explores how workplaces constitute learning environments and how apprentices participate in the learning environments of work according to their dispositions, aims and life plans. The findings show that the apprentices had different agencies and that they were involved in two distinct participation patterns at the workplace： a collaborative pattern and an executive pattern. Our findings also suggest that strong agency for the vocation may keep apprentices connected throughout the educational programme, although they are aftbrded an executive participation pattern. Based on our findings, it is appropriate to raise questions as to whether an unclear agency for the vocation, together with affordance of executive participation patterns, may suggest one possible answer for the high drop-out rate among apprentices. 相似文献
17.
Shaun D. Curran 《美中教育评论》2014,(10):737-742
The 21 st century classroom requires instructors with more advanced skills and competencies to deliver materials in a way that engages students both traditional and non-traditional. Traditional students have come to expect the incorporation of technology into their classrooms because they have grown up with it and can see its usefulness, while non-traditional students may need additional resources online in order to reinforce new concepts. By employing Web 2.0 technologies, like online video and discussion boards, into both the online and traditional on-campus classrooms, instructors can address both isolation and different learning styles, as well as address issues relating to problems with understanding concepts being taught and respond positively to feedback provided by both the students and administrators. In addition, utilizing Web 2.0 technology in the online classroom can reduce the isolation that many students feel in these classrooms by ensuring students can communicate with other students as well as the instructor. 相似文献
18.
The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes of non-thesis master＇s degree program： geography teacher candidates towards teaching profession regarding several socio-cultural features. The study was conducted in different universities with 218 geography teacher candidates enrolled in the geography education non-thesis master＇s degree program. The study was made by survey model. Data were collected by the ＂Attitude Scales Towards Teaching Profession＂ developed by ~etin （2006） and ＂Personal Information Form＂ developed by the authors. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA （the one-way analysis of variance） （F） and LSD （least significant difference） techniques. The results are given as follows： （1） The average of candidates＇ attitude grades are in favor of female candidates; （2） There is no difference between whether candidates work at a job; （3） According to variables of the types of high school graduated, educational level of the parents, occupations, income level and living place, there is no difference in candidates＇ attitudes scores; and （4） Candidates＇ enrolled in the geography education non-thesis master＇s degree program reason of preference influence on attitudes to teaching profession. 相似文献
19.
Adriel A. Hilton ;Patricia A.Green-Powell ;Crystal L. Joseph ;Linda G. Knight 《美中教育评论》2011,(2):233-238
The purpose of this study was to discover the perceptions of Florida law school administrators on the impact of the OFI （one Florida initiative） and the addition of two MSI （minority serving institution） law schools on diversity in Florida＇s legal profession. This research explored the impact of Governor Bush＇s EO （executive order） on diversity within the SUS （state university system） of Florida law schools. Further, this study examined the impact of the creation of two MSI law schools after implementation of the OFI, as perceived by the administrators. The concept of CRT （critical race theory） provides modern legal debates outlining the usefulness of historical civil rights policies in opinionated climates. This study will examine the role of CRT in relation to affirmative action and desegregation case law. CRT forms the framework for examining the impact of the creation of two MSI law schools in the state of Florida. In conclusion, this study found that minority representation in law schools has improved in Florida as a result of the OFI as well as the addition of two MSI law schools. Black representation, however, continues to lag behind other races, particularly the Hispanic population. This study concluded that the OFI has helped improve minority representation in the legal profession. 相似文献
20.
Cristina Karmas 《美中教育评论》2011,(3):302-316
To succeed as tomorrow＇s workers in the knowledge society of the new century---a world characterized by ceaseless change, boundless knowledge and endless doubt, today＇s business writing students must develop the skills and traits needed to become creative problem-solvers, flexible team-players and risk-taking life-time learners （Bereiter, 2002a）. And teachers must play an important role in helping students transit successfuUy from school to work by finding ways to develop useful life skills and the flexibility that facilitates a willingness to work cooperatively and a readiness to learn continuously. Preparing today＇s students for tomorrow＇s work world challenges 21st century teachers to reinvent their professional personas by creating a fresh professionalism founded not on old, comfortable abilities and attitudes, but on new, unfamiliar skills and traits. For many teachers （most of whom teach exactly as they were taught--typically, following the talk-chalk model that fills a classroom with five or 10 rows of passive listeners in fixed seats, and fills a class period with 50 or 60 minutes of garbled monotones in lecture format）, learning to teach in ways they were not taught represents the greatest challenge of their careers （Silberman, 1996; Hargreaves, 2003）. Challenging students and teachers to rearrange the furniture and to reconfigure the lecture, a well-considered active learning model （Bonwell ＆ Eison, 1991） can be applied to the business writing classroom （an application unexplored in the literature） to help students develop the abilities and attitudes most required for success in the work world of the 21st century （an area explored in the ＂futuristic business literature＂）--to help students learn and transit. In fact, classes in business writing, professional writing and tecl＇mical writing can function, through the use of active learning strategies, as dynamic workshops in which students can prepare for the change and doubt of the knowledge society by becoming creat 相似文献